This week I was accused of cheating on two online exams in two separate classes. Both professors are claiming the lockdown browser recordings show "evidence" of me cheating. When I asked them what the evidence was and why I was being accused they stated that it is in the video and has been sent to the honor council for review. I did not have any extra papers, cell phone, iPads, etc. There was also a baby monitor in front of me because I have a baby at home and no one else was there to watch. We were allowed scratch paper and I used it heavily to the side of my desk but that is it. I'm assuming my writing/reading what I wrote caused me to be out of frame for too long or I was looking down for too long. Is this enough to convict me of cheating? I am facing failed courses and expulsion. UPDATE Regardless of my innocence. I now believe that my university is not giving me a fair due process. This excerpts below are from the university handbook regarding academic dishonesty and a FL law that applies to all public universities.  The student shall be provided with written notice of the violations against him/her in sufficient detail and in sufficient time to prepare for a hearing or meeting before an appropriate committee, hearing body, or designated University official; The University shall establish a minimum number of days in advance of the hearing or meeting to present the written notice of violations, but in no case will this notice be less than five (5) business days, except in cases of emergency hearings as specified below; The student and his/her advisor may inspect all of the information that will be presented against the student at least three (3) business days before the student disciplinary hearing or meeting, except in cases of emergency hearings where the student may inspect the information at least one (1) business day prior to the hearing.  I did not receive a letter outlining my offenses, I instead received an email stating that my hearing is on Thursday. That is 1 business day from my professors accusing me and 3 business days from notice of my hearing. I still have not been told what I did wrong and I am expected to defend myself.


What is a good source which compares grading systems in different countries? Which also gives the equivalent of a grade in a country X to that of a country Y?


This is a continued discussion from () by return count only.     Problem      Given four lists A, B, C, D of integer values, compute how many tuples   (i, j, k, l) there are such that A[i] + B[j] + C[k] + D[l] is zero.      To make problem a bit easier, all A, B, C, D have same length of N   where \$0 \le N \le 500\$. All integers are in the range of \$-2^{28}\$ to \$2^{28} - 1\$   and the result is guaranteed to be at most \$2^{31} - 1\$.      Example:      Input:  A = [ 1, 2] B = [-2,-1] C = [-1, 2] D = [ 0, 2]       Output:  2       Explanation:      The two tuples are:         (0, 0, 0, 1) -> A[0] + B[0] + C[0] + D[1] = 1 + (-2) + (-1) + 2 = 0   (1, 1, 0, 0) -> A[1] + B[1] + C[0] + D[0] = 2 + (-1) + (-1) + 0 = 0      I'm wondering if there are any ideas to have a solution less than \$O(n^2)\$ time complexity.  Source code in Python 2.7,  from collections import defaultdict def four_sum(A, B, C, D):     sum_map = defaultdict(int)     result = 0     for i in A:         for j in B:             sum_map[i+j] += 1     for i in C:         for j in D:             if -(i+j) in sum_map:                 result += sum_map[-(i+j)]      return result  if __name__ == "__main__":     A = [1, 2]     B = [-2, -1]     C = [-1, 2]     D = [0, 2]     print four_sum(A,B,C,D)


prove that in $k[x_1,...,x_n]$ Ideal of polynomials vanishing on some $(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)$ will be $\langle x_1-a_1,...,x_2-a_2\rangle$.

Given $k$ is an algebraically closed set.I was thinking to do some sort of Taylor series expansion, but it is only valid when $k$ has some metric.what should I do?


ClassNotFoundExeption when executing classes from terminal using Java command

I try in the terminal  java '/home/asadefa/Desktop/untitled.class'   and I get a ClassNotFoundException. This is the real path to the class file, compiled from  public class untitled { public static void main(String[] args) {         System.out.println("HELLO WORLD!");     } }   Can someone please help me? I am using Ubuntu 18.04, and javac worked, but executing it is not working.  My question is different because none of the other answers in the other question are useful to me.


Is there a QGIS tool that does the function of   MY NEED - I have about 15,000 points. I need them clustered in batches of about 700 and polygons created for each batch. There will be a central node that it needs to radiate from.  This was asked back in 2013 in  but there were no replies.  This should look like:    There is almost a PostGIS (and other) solution in the following but this is now ~4y old   I also had a look at the following but can't find anything that does what I need.   I NEED a result like this. Is this essentially the  module where the  has several issues?


how can I fix cannot execute binary file: Exec format error

I made another big screw-up, but I might be able to fix it. Whenever I use sudo [command], I always get  -bash: /usr/bin/sudo: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error   I recently did chmod -R 777 /,but stopped it immediately, however, I get the error above. Does anybody know how this can be fixed?  Thank you in advance


Disable two column mode for separate part

I am writing a document using the report class in two column mode, but I need a \section to spread across both columns, but how can I set that?  Something like  \documentclass[10pt,danish,a4paper,twoside,twocolumn]{report} \input{preamble.tex} \begin{document}  % This section should spread over both columns \section{Name}  \lipsum[1-3] \end{document}


How to access operands or arguments in an IF/ELSE?

Is it possible to access arguments like this?   let a = 0;  let b = 1;   if (a === 0 || b === 1) {       let args = this.arguments; // placeholder -> this is what this question is about        console.log(`${} is equal to 0 and ${} is equal to 1!`);       // expected output: a is equal to 0 and b is equal to 1!  }   Subsequently, with the same function, would it be possible to do something like:   let a = 0;  let b = 1;   if (a === 0 || b === 1) {       let args = this.arguments; // placeholder -> this is what this question is about        console.log(`${} is equal to ${} and ${} is equal to ${}!`);       // expected output: a is equal to 0 and b is equal to 1!  }


Null Pointer Exception toString() method

EDIT: The problem was in the Kuca.java file, in the first constructor, the first parameter should have been Stan _s or in the body this.s= new Stan(s);. Then the constructor has something to reference to.  ================  Facing the null pointer issue, the only thing I've managed to pinpoint is that the toString() method in Stan.java is causing the trouble, but I can't seem to figure out why.  Test.java  import java.util.Scanner;  public class Test {  public static void main(String[] args) {      Scanner s= new Scanner(System.in);      System.out.println("Unesite adresu");     String adresa= s.nextLine();      System.out.println("Unesite stambeni objekat koji zelite");     String tip= s.next();        if(tip.equals("k")) {          System.out.println("Unesite broj ukucana");         int brUkucana= s.nextInt();         System.out.println("Unesite broj kvadrata");         double P= s.nextDouble();          Kuca kuca= new Kuca(new Stan(P, brUkucana), adresa);         System.out.println("asdasdas");          System.out.println(kuca.toString());         System.out.println("Porez: " + kuca.porez);      }  }   }   The Kuca.java, note the return in the toString() method, the s.ToString() is causing the trouble (when I remove it, the problem is gone(  public class Kuca extends StambeniObjekat {  private Stan s;  public Kuca(Stan s, String adresa) {     super(adresa);     s= new Stan(s); }  public Kuca(double povrsina, int brStanara, String adresa) {     super(adresa);     s= new Stan(povrsina, brStanara);  }  public Kuca(final Kuca k) {     super(k);     s= new Stan(k.s); }   public String toString() {     return "Kuca: \n" + "Adresa: " + getAdresa() + "\n" + s.toString();   }   public double porez(double cena_po_kvadratu) {      if(s.getBrStanara() <= 2) {         porez= s.getPovrsina() * cena_po_kvadratu;     }     else if (s.getBrStanara() > 2) {         porez= s.getPovrsina() * cena_po_kvadratu * (1 - (s.getBrStanara() - 2) * 0.05);     }     return porez; }   }   And the source of the s.toString() found in the return of the previus file.  public class Stan {   private double povrsina; private int brStanara;     public Stan(double povrsina, int brStanara) {       this.povrsina=povrsina;      this.brStanara=brStanara;   }   public Stan(final Stan s) {      povrsina=s.povrsina;      brStanara=s.brStanara;       }   public double getPovrsina() {      return povrsina;  }   public void setPovrsina(double povrsina) {      this.povrsina=povrsina;  }   public int getBrStanara() {      return brStanara;  }   public void setBrStanara(int brStanara) {      this.brStanara=brStanara;  }   public String toString() {      return "Povrsina stana je " + povrsina + " m^2 \n" + "Broj Stanara je " + brStanara;   } }


In the west we celebrate many types of holiday. Christmas, Halloween, and Valentines Day, just to name a few. However, I would like to know if there are any similar types of occasions in middle-earth, and what (if any) Tolkien based them on. I'm also quite interested to know if there were race specific holidays, or any sort of hero worshiping days. Thanks.


Remember my "sort by" setting when browsing favorite site feeds

Opening the menu and selecting an item from the "Favorite Sites" menu allows us to see a feed for a specific site. In the top right corner of this page is a drop-down which allows us to select the "sort order" for the posts. The default is "Active" with other options like "Newest", "Hot", etc.  The problem is that when I select "Newest" or any other option. This preference is not remembered when I change between a different "Favorite Site".  So I am requesting that the selection is persisted when changing between site feeds. I have no preference whether this is implemented per site (to allow a different default for each site) or just one single preferred default that works on all sites (last option selected). I just want it to remember that I have selected "Newest" when I am flicking though the sites.


Some help regarding the following problem will be greatly appreciated. Let $n\in \mathbb{Z}^+$ with $n\geq5$, and suppose that $G$ is a simple subgroup of $S_{n+1}$ of index $k$. Prove that if $k\leq2n+2$, then ($k=2$ and $G=A_{n+1}$) or ($k=2n+2$ and $G\cong A_n$). Relevant information/What I have so far:  Theorem: Let $X$ be a subgroup of $S_n$. Then either $X \leq A_n$, or $X \cap A_n$ is a normal subgroup of $G$ of index 2.  $A_n$ is simple for $n\geq 5$   From the above information, we can deduce that $G$ is a subgroup of $A_{n+1}$. Otherwise, $G\cap A_{n+1}$ will be a non-trivial normal subgroup of $G$ which contradicts the fact that $G$ is a simple group. Another thing that I managed to deduce is that $[S_{n+1}:A_{n+1}][A_{n+1}:G]=[S_{n+1}:G]=k\leq2n+2$ $\implies2[A_{n+1}:G]=[S_{n+1}:G]=k\leq2n+2$ $\implies[A_{n+1}:G]=k/2\leq n+1$ This means that $G$ cannot be isomorphic to $A_i$, where $i=1,2,...,n-1$. This is where I got stucked at. It is clear from what I have worked out that ($k=2$ and $G=A_{n+1}$) or ($k=2n+2$ and $G\cong A_n$) would satisfy the given condition. But I do not know how to prove that either one of this two situations has to occur. Any hints/tips on how to progress would be greatly appreciated.


Why does grade inflation seem to be so severe in the USA?

A comment on  notes that a good college might get 10x more applicants who all have the maximum possible grade point average, than the college can admit.  (The rest of my question is based on the assumption that is is actually true.  If it is not, my question might be based on an incorrect premise.)  Coming from The Netherlands, this sounds strange to me.  We have a standardised test at the end of secondary school, and few people score average grades higher than 8/10 (passing is 6/10), with people scoring 10.0/10 being practically nonexistent (I seem to recall reading about one such student in the newspaper many years ago).  The overall average is  for the school category granting admittance to university.  For universities I don't have hard numbers but I would be surprised if more than 1 in 30 students score 10.0/10 in undergraduate introductory calculus. Most students seem to score mostly around 6–7/10, which I believe would translate to E–D in the American system, but I'm not sure.  Grades 6–10 are passing grades, grades 1–5 are failing grades.  My question is for pre-university tests though, the ones that are used to test if people should be admitted to university.  Why is there so much grade inflation in the USA?  Is there no standardised testing for whatever tests are used to establish the grades used for undergraduate admissions?  This system would make it very hard for Dutch students to gain admission to American universities, because getting the maximum average grade is virtually unheard of.  See also:


Getting the closed form solution of a third order recurrence relation with constant coefficients

This is part of the proof of finding the closed from solution of third order recurrence  relation  I know that the closed form will look like the following  And this is the part of the proof I can get up to  But what do I need to do after this procedure to get the shape of the closed form mentioned above? Please can you walk me through the steps?


Is it possible to weaken a bitcoin private key by “using” it elsewhere?

What are the increased possibilities (if any) of being able to crack a private key given the following:   The associated bitcoin (ECDSA Secp256k1-based) public key is known. The private key has been used to generate a public key from a different ECDSA curve and that public key is also known. It is known that the two public keys are derived from the same private key. It is known which ECDSA curves were used to generate the public keys. It is known which ECDSA curve was used to generate which public key.   Does it make any more difference if there is data that is known to have been signed by the private key and the signature(s) are known and the raw data is known?  EDIT: I should have pointed out that the conditions are ANDed, I.e. All conditions are known. Sorry, I should have been clearer the first time.


Counterexample of the reciprocal of Langrage's theorem.

Lagrange's theorem states that if $G$ is a finite group, the order of every subgroup $H<G$ must verify that $|H| \mid |G|$ (the order of $H$ divides the order of $G$)  The reciprocal result is not true, but the only example I could find is the group of even permutations $A_4,$ which has order $12$ and does not have any subgroup of order $6.$    Is there any other 'easy' counterexample of this?


Chrome: How to hide 1 particular tab in chrome?

A google search gives number of methods to hide ALL tabs in chrome , but I want to hide 1 particular tab / change the display name of that tab.   Reason: I have an online music playing website open, which keeps showing tracks in the tab name and I just want to remove it from view of my work.


Not able to understand "Attention" para from USN-2872-2: Linux kernel (Wily HWE) vulnerability

From  , I am not able to understand what does Attention para means. The paragraph is     ATTENTION: Due to an unavoidable ABI change the kernel updates have   been given a new version number, which requires you to recompile and   reinstall all third party kernel modules you might have installed.   Unless you manually uninstalled the standard kernel metapackages   (e.g. linux-generic, linux-generic-lts-RELEASE, linux-virtual,   linux-powerpc), a standard system upgrade will automatically perform   this as well.   Can you any one please explain me this in simple terms ?  Also how can I update my Kernel package so that my system will be secure from this latest Kernel vulnerability.


Problem with upgrade (Lubuntu 16.04 LTS)

I've upgraded from 15.10 to 16.04 LTS.  Now If I go to System Tools -> Software Updater I receive:      Not all updates can be installed, run a partial upgrade to install as   many updates as possible.   If I click 'partial upgrade' I receive:      can't install lubuntu-core. It was impossible to install a required   package   Now If I try to send a bug report the package that seems to be problematic is 'ubuntu-release-upgrader-core 1:16.04.21'.  If I run sudo apt-get install -f:   Reading package lists... Done  Building dependency tree          Reading state information... Done  0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 144 not upgraded.   How can I resolve such problem?  EDIT:  If I run  dpkg -s ubuntu-release-upgrader-core:  Package: ubuntu-release-upgrader-core Status: install ok installed Priority: optional Section: admin Installed-Size: 340 Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com> Architecture: all Source: ubuntu-release-upgrader Version: 1:16.04.21 Replaces: update-manager (<< 1:0.165), update-manager-core (<< 1:0.165) Depends: python3:any (>= 3.2~), python3-distupgrade (= 1:16.04.21) Recommends: libpam-modules (>= 1.0.1-9ubuntu3) Breaks: software-properties (<< 0.9.27), update-manager (<< 1:0.165), update-manager-core (<< 1:0.165) Conffiles:  /etc/update-manager/meta-release 834e015e99673a6e3b0f31f6a511355f  /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades df41b4619e6054b4558a75e316923611  /etc/update-motd.d/91-release-upgrade 51540d8467fcf35f65e2873454746e54 Description: manage release upgrades  This is the core of the Ubuntu Release Upgrader   EDIT2:  I've tried   sudo apt-get --purge remove update-manager sudo apt-get install update-manager    but the problem is still present.


How can I install an iso file on a USB while I'm using a live Ubuntu OS?  I want to make a persistent USB drive with Ubuntu 14.04 32 bit.  I have Ubuntu 14.04 32 bit on a USB in an iso file, I'm currently running Ubuntu 14.04 lts 64 bit live how can I install the 32 bit iso file on the USB?  And I can't use Unetbootin, it says: "E: Unable to locate package unetbootin"


2 dimension array - java.lang.NullPointerException

I am currently writing a RESTFUL web service program. I am expecting to receive input for either one or two input (depending on my returnValue result). I have a difficulty to assign the value to 2 dimension array.   I have tried the above code an I encountered : java.lang.NullPointerException  Any idea on how to assign the MethodName and MethodStatus into 2 dimension array?  Expected output forMethodSet should be ([1][1]),([2][1]).  The AdaptiveAuthService.adaptiveAuth should be called each time new 2 dimension array are presented.  WebService input:  {"methodSet": [{"num":1,"methodName": 1, "methodStatus": "1"},  {"num":2,"methodName": 2, "methodStatus": "1"}]}   AdaptiveRESTFUL:  @POST @Path("/post") @Consumes(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN) @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) public int adaptiveAuth(String objDataLog) throws SQLException{   JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(objDataLog);  JSONArray arr=(JSONArray)obj.get("methodSet");   //to get how many method been send to TE     if (arr != null) {         JSONObject objMethod;         String Num;         for (Object o : arr) {             objMethod = (JSONObject) o;             Num = String.valueOf(objMethod.get("num"));             resultNum = Integer.parseInt(Num);             logWriter("resultNum:     "+resultNum);         }      }  //declaration of 2 dimension array MethodClass[][] methodSet = new MethodClass[resultNum][resultNum];  //to get value for MethodName, MethodStatus  if (arr != null) {         JSONObject objMethod1;         String MethodName, MethodStatus;         for (Object o1 : arr) {             objMethod1 = (JSONObject) o1;             MethodName = String.valueOf(objMethod1.get("methodName"));             MethodStatus = String.valueOf(objMethod1.get("methodStatus"));              int resultMethodName = Integer.parseInt(MethodName);                 int resultMethodStatus = Integer.parseInt(MethodStatus);             logWriter("MethodName:    "+resultMethodName);             logWriter("MethodStatus:  "+resultMethodStatus);              for (int i = 1; i < methodSet.length; i++){                     for (int j = 1; j < methodSet[i].length; j++) {                         methodSet[i][j] = new MethodClass();                         methodSet[i][j].setmethodName(resultMethodName);                         methodSet[i][j].setmethodStatus(resultMethodStatus);                     }               //calling function to do calculation                     returnValue = AdaptiveAuthService.adaptiveAuth(methodSet);//returning null pointer exception             }         }     }      AdaptiveAuthService code:  public static int adaptiveAuth(MethodClass[][] methodSet)throws SQLException {      int aAC = methodSet[0].length;     int authMethod = methodSet[0][aAC - 1].getmethodName(); //returning nullpointer exception   If you have any idea or way to solve the problem, please suggest and let me know.


I have a very basic question. In Java, it is possible to point attributes and variables to Enums, such as:  public enum DayTime{     Morning("Morning"),     Afternoon("Afternoon"),     Night("Night");      private string description;      Daytime(string description){         this.description = description;     }      public string getDescription(){         return description;     } }   Is it possible to apply the same concept to C#? I am trying to get modular descriptions to products, whereas their name, contents and characteristics would be shown in a string of text, and Enums looked like the best alternative to modify this text according to which characteristic is selected.


Motivation for proof of $(((\phi \to \psi) \to \phi) \to \phi)$

I'm trying to solve this exercise.  If $\phi, \psi$ are propositional formulas, prove $\vdash (((\phi \to \psi) \to \phi) \to \phi)$.  I was wondering if there was a "simple" proof to this (I'm aware of the proof ), and most importantly, how to motivate a proof to this exercise. (For me, the motivation is the most important bit! I already have a proof) I asked such a question before, with a much simpler exercise, and the answer was "try it out in words first, and then write it symbolically!" which worked very well until coming across this example.  Currently I have a proof to this, which I brute forced; to me it feels extremely mechanical and non-replicable but for luck. I'm not sure if this is relevant to the question, but I'll attach it as a picture.  Edit: I actually don't know what the expression "proof system" means. Sorry; I was only told that this was "natural deduction", and the rules for $\land, \lnot, \rightarrow , \leftrightarrow, \perp$, etc were given.


Can't add more words in JavaScript variable

When I call reality() I want to print Royal Blue but I am getting Royal undefined I am just a beginner in JavaScript Please help me find out what is the problem.  var color = "Blue";  function reality() {   var color = "Royal " + color;   console.log(color); } reality();


Is it possible to break a horcrux, and if so what happens then?

Is it possible to break a Horcrux? I don't mean destroy, but if a glass cup is a Horcrux, will it still be whole after it drops from a great height? And then what happens to the Horcrux if it ís broken? If the glass is broken and 7 different people take the shards to their respective homes, who will have the Horcrux?  I got fascinated by this when I was thinking about the placement of a human's soul.  When a person loses his arm, he will still be himself, so he still has a soul, same with legs, hair etc., but it's different with the heart and brain.


I have 3 questions about animagus transformation and wands      Does animagus transformation require the use of a wand?   If yes, where does the wand go after the wizard transforms?   Again, if 1 is yes, how did Sirius transform into a dog in Azkaban?     Note that 2 and 3 are invalidated if the answer to 1 is no. If so, is it mentioned anywhere in the books, or can be implied by something in the books, that wand use is not required? I don't think Sirius managing to do it in Azkaban can be used as a proof here, as in Book 3 Wormtail needs a wand to change back into a rat


I just started learning JAVA. I am writing a very simple program  to print something on based of command line argument. but it is not working as expected.   Here is my program and output.      It should print "e" but it is printing "n".    please tell me where I am doing wrong.


Moving games from a steam account to another steam account?

I need help with my steam accounts. I got two steam accounts, and installed games on both. I want to move my games from one account to the other one. The games were bought in a regular store, so I have the CD-codes.  How can I move the games to the other account?


Ok, I know the basic function of an optocoupler is "turn on irLED, triggering a phototransistor and allowing current to flow"; an optical off then on switch.  Is there a reverse optocoupler, i.e. "turn on irLED, unknown component is triggered and stops/blocks current flow", an optical on then off switch?  Circuit A does something that includes a charging function then activates Circuit B. As long as Circuit B has [enough] power, Circuit A is removed from it's power source (turned off) by a signal from Circuit B.  When Circuit B's power is gone/too low, signal is removed and Circuit A's power is returned and starts process over again.  I know how optical relays work (Circuit A on, Circuit B off, trigger on, Circuit A off, Circuit B on, trigger off, original condition).  A standard optocoupler is essentially one half of this.  I am wanting the other half.


How are multi-qubit gates extended into larger registers?

Implementing a single-qubit gate in a multi-qubit register is relatively easy. For example, this gate:    This is equivalent to $I \otimes H \otimes I$. If the $H$ gate was on the first bit, it would be $H \otimes I^{\otimes 2}$ etc.  What about this gate?    There doesn't seem to be any Kronecker product of the CNOT matrix that will produce the correct matrix for this. Is there a simple way to calculate the matrix for the general case of a multi-qubit gate on a larger register?  I imagine it could be done by rearranging the qubits to put the gate on the first qubits of a register, and then reversing the rearrangement after the gate. This is a lot harder than the single-gate case though.


Can i upgrade my Lenovo v110 15iap cpu proccessor

I have a lenovo v110 15iap and the cpu is soldered in the motherboard is there any way I can upgrade it?


Issues with substring method for linked list

How do I get my substring method to work?  I keep getting a null pointer exception on this line: copy = copy.next = new Node(curr.data);  public LL substring(int startPosition) {      if (startPosition < 0)         throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();      LL substring = new LL();     Node curr = first;     for (int i = 0; i < startPosition; i++) {         curr = curr.next;     }     Node copy = new Node(curr.data);     substring.first = copy;      while (curr != null && copy != null) {         curr = curr.next;         copy = copy.next = new Node(curr.data);     }     return substring; }


How can I fix an Install Failed error while installing Lion?

I downloaded the new OS X Lion from the App store. I am running the latest Snow Leopard on my 2010 15" Macbook Pro. During the download, it somehow stopped while I was away from the keyboard. When I returned, I resumed it again, and after download completion, began to install it. When it rebooted, it began to install Lion, and when it was at the 33 minute mark, it failed. See pictures below:  I got the error message:  Install Failed Mac OS X could not be installed on your computer Mac OS X couldn't be installed, because the disk Macintosh HD is damaged and can't be repaired.   I read somewhere that I should put in the original install DVD, and run the Disk Utility to try to verify and repair. I put the disc in, booted it, and clicked through past the language selection, but made sure to wait for the top menu bar to appear to get to Disk Utility. I clicked on Verify Disk, and got this error message after it ran:  Invalid node structure The volume Macintosh HD could not be verified completely. Error: This disk needs to be repaired. Click Repair Disk.   After clicking Repair Disk, I got this error message:  Disk Utility stopped repairing "Macintosh HD" Disk Utility can't repair this disk. Back up as many of your files as possible, reformat the disk, and restore your backed up files.   I'm also running Bootcamp, with Windows 7 installed in it's own partition. I don't know if that has anything to do with why I'm getting these error messages or not, or if that's why it thinks the hard drive is damaged. How do I fix this? I am unable to get back into Snow Leopard. Every restart leads back into the Lion install, which results in these errors. I think many others are having this issue as well. I do have my files backed up (not in Time Machine, but manually on an external USB drive).  I don't mind wiping everything (including Bootcamp), but I rather that be a last resort. Reference:   on Apple Discussions site.


How do I put a decorative separator (like three asterisks or other symbols) in a text document so as to separate two sections of text, but not in a way that depends on LateX \section commands?  Such symbols used to be relatively common in books, but seem less common now.  NOTE: The proposed duplicate says "I would like to use a symbol", and the answers mostly reflect that. But I don't care if the decorative separator is a single symbol; in fact, it is better if it isn't. So, this question is more general than that one.


Force of repulsion between northern and souther hemisphere of charged sphere

A metal sphere of radius $R$ carries a total charge $Q$. What is the force of repulsion between the northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere?    In this problem you consider the force per unit area on the surface of the northern hemisphere and then add it up basically: You get the average electric field as$$ \frac{1}{2}(E_{\text{outside}} + E_{\text{inside}})  ~=~ {E_{\text{average}}} ~=~ \frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{4 \pi \epsilon_0}\frac{Q}{R^2}\hat{r} \,,$$because of the symmetry the horizontal components cancel for the force per unit area you get $f_{z} = {\sigma \left(E_{\text{average}}\right)}_{z}$ where $\sigma = \frac{Q}{4 \pi R^2}$. Then the total force on the northern hemisphere is$$ F_{z} ~=~ \int f_{z} \, \mathrm{d}a ~=~ \int_{0}^{2 \pi} \int_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \left(\frac{Q}{4 \pi R^2}\right)\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{Q}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 R^2}\right) \cos{\theta} \, R^2 \sin{\theta} \, \mathrm{d} \theta \, \mathrm{d} \phi ~=~ \frac{Q^2}{32 \pi R^2 \epsilon_0}. $$  Question:  Are the forces of repulsion on the northern hemisphere a result of only the charges from the southern hemisphere while there is symmetric cancellation from charges in the northern hemisphere, or is the force on each unit area in the northern hemisphere due to the whole sphere?  The way the question is worded seems to suggest that the answer is the first case, i.e. that the force on the northern hemisphere is due completely to the southern hemisphere.


Proof of equality - possibly previously answered

I am looking for a proof of the following inequality   Let a be a positive real number. Prove that for every natural number n   $$(1+a)^n\ge 1+na.$$   Can you help?


The man, who is standing there, is her ex-husband.  Are these commas needed? Or is it:  The man who is standing there is her ex-husband.


Are comments on answers to my question supposed to show up in my recent activity? If not why not, I would like to know any activity on a question that I posted.  Request: Be notified of all activity on any question that I post including comments to answers posted to my question.


Please see i am not asking what is immutability,  i understand immutability but question is more how to make an immutable class when you are giving reference to a mutable object. Moreover my class failed the check with mutability detector project, hence requesting your view.  I have created a Immutable class EmpAndAddress.java and it has reference to a mutable class EmpAddress.java which is cloneable. I have followed the java rules and tried to test my class using mutability detector  but my class is failing the immutable test. Just want to check if I am missing something. In my Immutable i am always creating new Object of type EmpAddress mutable to follow the rules.   1. Mutable  EmpAddress.java  public class EmpAddress implements Cloneable{     public String empCity;     public int zipCode;       public EmpAddress(String empCity, int zipCode) {         super();         this.empCity = empCity;         this.zipCode = zipCode;     }      public String getEmpCity() {         return empCity;     }      public void setEmpCity(String empCity) {         this.empCity = empCity;     }      public int getZipCode() {         return zipCode;     }      public void setZipCode(int zipCode) {         this.zipCode = zipCode;     }      protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {                  EmpAddress clone=(EmpAddress)super.clone();         return clone;           }  }   public final class EmpAndAddress implements Cloneable {     private final int empId;     private final String empName;        private final EmpAddress eAddr;      public EmpAndAddress(int empId,String empName,EmpAddress eAddr){         super();         this.empId = empId;         this.empName = empName;         this.eAddr = new EmpAddress(" ", -1);            }      public int getEmpId() {         return empId;     }       public String getEmpName() {         return empName;     }      public EmpAddress geteAddr() throws CloneNotSupportedException {         return (EmpAddress) eAddr.clone();     }  }


Content of myfile:    123   **1     **     Script that attempts to display each word:    for i in $(cat $myfile)   do     echo "$i"   done     the result is when echo *, it lists the files in my current directory which I dnno why. So I tried to process the * before echo it.    Content of another script:    for i in $(cat $myfile)   do     if [[ $i == *\+ ]](regex pattern find 1 * or more.)     then          （？what should I do. I tried i="\*",i="*" etc.; it doesn't work)     fi     echo "$i"   done


How to make a button that creates a custom mesh via python scripting

Im sure others have asked this but I havent found anything perhaps I am using the wrong keywords, anyway... Lets say I have sculpted a custom mesh (for example a 3d smiley face). How can I then access that mesh via python code. I can make a button to create a cube like so: row.operator("mesh.primitive_cube_add", icon='CUBE')  Now I want to make my own custom smiley face every time I press the button. I assume I have to save my mesh in a certain format or something, then extend the mesh class, and then load my mesh into it somehow? so I want to create this row.operator("mesh.my_smily_face_add", icon='CUBE')  Any help would be much appreciated!!!


How to use an asterism to separate sections?

I'd like to use an  to separate groups of paragraphs from one-another. The asterism shall appear in a line on its own, like in . Can anybody tell me where I can find an asterism symbol (is there a macro that makes one from the asterisk symbol from the font you're using?) and how to use it as a separator as described above?  I'm using LaTeX with the scrartcl document class.


tk window got smaller when added a button

When I type a simple hello world gui with a button that does nothing, the tk window doesn't do what I wanted. I want the window to remain 500 x 500 while there's a small button in the top left. Here's my current simple code:  from tkinter import * window = Tk() window.config(height = 500, width = 500) #the window initialize as a 500px x 500px window button = Button(window, text = 'hello world')   button.pack() #but when I added a button, the window shinks to the size of the button window.mainloop()    I'm running Mac Sierra with python 3.6. And downloadeded an external tkl as told by the manual.


Why does a translation matrix need extra row?

Following recommendation of  answer I've recently read the series of articles of Wolfire about linear algebra. I'm somewhat familiar with matrices and I came to a conclusion that vector and a matrix multiplication is in fact multiplication of 2x2 and 2x1 matrices:  \begin{equation*} \begin{bmatrix} a & c \\ b & d \end{bmatrix} \qquad \begin{bmatrix} x \\ y \end{bmatrix} \end{equation*}  In  the author reveals that to accomplish translation in addition to rotation we need to add a row and a column to the translation matrix:     If we want to translate by a vector (e,f), we can just tack it onto our change-of-basis matrix like this:   \begin{bmatrix} a & c & e\\ b & d & f\\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}   And then we add an extra  to the end of each position vector like this:   \begin{bmatrix} x\\ y\\ 1 \end{bmatrix}   P.S. I edited the direction of the vector to make it comply with matrix multiplication conditions.  The 1 at the third row of the vector is totally understandable: to multiply 2x3 matrix we need a 3-row matrix.  What I didn't get here is why we need extra row for translation matrix? I can't see any difference in multiplication (except for the useless 1):  \begin{equation*} \begin{bmatrix} a & c & e\\ b & d & f\\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} * \begin{bmatrix} x\\ y\\ 1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} ax + cy + e\\ bx + dy + f\\ 0 + 0 + 1 \end{bmatrix} \end{equation*}  \begin{equation*} \begin{bmatrix} a & c & e\\ b & d & f\\ \end{bmatrix} * \begin{bmatrix} x\\ y\\ 1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} ax + cy + e\\ bx + dy + f\\ \end{bmatrix} \end{equation*}  So the same question for 3D matrices, just it's easier to convey with a 2D case


Can I use portions of stock images for derivative works?

I have some stock vector files from istock that I'd like to use as the starting point for a logo. I'd like to stress I wouldn't be using the original image in the logo - but using as a starting point to develop a new piece of work.  The license agreement states that you can't use the file as a logo - but what about work created using bits from the vector file?  Many thanks in advance for all replies.


Unable to authenticate via OpenID with pip.verisignlabs.com

As of late I can't login with pip.verisignlabs.com as my OpenID provider. I've replaced my actual username in the error message with username.     Unable to log in with your OpenID provider:     The OpenID Provider issued an assertion for an Identifier whose discovery information did not match.   Assertion endpoint info:  ClaimedIdentifier: http://username.pip.verisignlabs.com/ ProviderLocalIdentifier: http://username.pip.verisignlabs.com/ ProviderEndpoint: https://pip.verisignlabs.com/server OpenID version: 2.0 Service Type URIs:  Discovered endpoint info: [ {     ClaimedIdentifier: http://username.pip.verisignlabs.com/     ProviderLocalIdentifier: http://username.pip.verisignlabs.com/     ProviderEndpoint: http://pip.verisignlabs.com/server     OpenID version: 2.0     Service Type URIs:         http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0/signon         http://openid.net/sreg/1.0 http://openid.net/extensions/sreg/1.1         http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/phishing-resistant         http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/multi-factor         http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/multi-factor-physical }, {     ClaimedIdentifier: http://username.pip.verisignlabs.com/     ProviderLocalIdentifier: http://username.pip.verisignlabs.com/     ProviderEndpoint: http://pip.verisignlabs.com/server     OpenID version: 1.1     Service Type URIs:         http://openid.net/signon/1.1         http://openid.net/sreg/1.0         http://openid.net/extensions/sreg/1.1 } ,]


What's an atomic superstate/superposition, and how is it possible?

What's an atomic superstate/, and how is it possible?  I understand the basics - being something can be moving and staying still at the same time; the observer changes the behaviour - but I'd like to know a little more, as it interests me, and how is it possible without actually interfering with said thing?


How to put more than 1000 values into an Oracle IN clause

Is there any way to get around the Oracle 10g limitation of 1000 items in a static IN clause?  I have a comma delimited list of many of IDs that I want to use in an IN clause,  Sometimes this list can exceed 1000 items, at which point Oracle throws an error.  The query is similar to this...  select * from table1 where ID in (1,2,3,4,...,1001,1002,...)


Are those "sign up now!" pop up windows taking away from the UX?

We all know variations of this call to action modal:    It seems like good conversion practice, but for me these modals appear only 15 seconds or so after opening a blog post, just when I was about to start reading. Personally I feel like they destroy the flow of reading content, but so many people use them so maybe I am alone in this.  Do you feel, or can cite studies that prove pop-up CTA modals ruin the UX or take away from the flow of interacting with web apps? If yes, have you witnessed conversion numbers that justify this practice?


Prove no existing a smooth function satisfying ... related to Morse Theory

i) Show that there does not exist a smooth function $f:\mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, s.t. $f(x) \geq 0$, $\forall x \in \mathbb{R}$, $f$ has exactly two critical points, $x_1,x_2\in\mathbb{R}$ and $f(x_1)=f(x_2) = 0$. (This part is easy).  ii) Show that there does not exist a smooth function $f:\mathbb{R}^2 \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, s.t. $f(x,y) \geq 0$, $\forall (x,y) \in \mathbb{R}^2$, $f$ has exactly two critical points, $(x_1,y_1),(x_2,y_2)\in\mathbb{R}^2$ and $f(x_1,y_1)=f(x_2,y_2) = 0$.   I have tried several methods, however, it does not work, could anybody help me out?


PostgreSQL subquery (illogical) bug in select statement with join equivalent working?

I have some funny bug with Postgres 9.5.1  I got 2 tables that contain related data contacts (id, name) and jobs (id, contact_id, name).  I'm not sure of the validity of this query (given the curious behavior explained just after).  -- get unassigned contacts  select * from contacts where id not in (select contact_id from jobs);   Edit : The following case was how i tried to analyze the issue. See the end of post and comments to get why the query is not correct.  When testing with a case of contact id=20 without job, I got some (IMO) strange result (a notable difference in results between a select query and a join equivalent).  First, I need to assert some prerequisites (step A). Next, I show the result with join (step B). Finally, I show the result using subquery (step D). (Step C is the complementary request of D and is only here to highlight what I found strange).  A-0. check that there is datas in both tables : OK  select count(distinct id) from contacts; --> returns 10100 select count(distinct id) from jobs; --> returns 12000 select count(distinct id) from contacts where id in (select contact_id from jobs); --> returns 10000   A-1. get name in table contacts for id=20 : OK  select name from contacts where id=20; --> returns "NAME"   A-3. check contact id=20 is NOT in table jobs : OK  select id from jobs where contact_id=20; --> returns nothing (0 row)   B. get name and (null) job id for contact id=20 with join : OK  select c.id, c.name, j.id from contacts c left join jobs j on j.contact_id=c.id where c.id=20; --> returns 20, "NAME", <NULL>   C. get contact id=20 only if it is assigned in jobs : OK  select name from contacts where id in (select contact_id from jobs) and id=20; --> returns nothing (0 row); (that's the expected result)   D. get contact id=20 only if is NOT assigned in jobs : KO  select name from contacts where id not in (select contact_id from jobs) and id=20; --> returns nothing (0 row); (that's not the expected result - "NAME")   Funny conclusion  C and D queries got the same results.  In logical terms, this could means that in pgsql:  id NOT IN (..values..)  ==  id IN (..values..) FALSE == TRUE   Can a "Postgres guru" find me a nice explanation or should I call the FBI?  Epilogue  following the answers  My query  select * from contacts where id not in (select contact_id from jobs);   was not correct, because NOT IN can't handle NULL values. Therefore, it is not the right selector to check (non)existence of a value.  See .  The correct query is the following :  -- to get unassigned contacts  select * from contacts c  where not exists (select 1 from jobs where contact_id=c.id);   For a specified id :  select * from contacts c  where not exists (select 1 from jobs where contact_id=c.id) and id=20;   This query works too :   select * from contacts where id not in (select contact_id from jobs where contact_id is not null);


Possessive pronouns vs possessive determiners

If my understanding is correct, the  possessive personal pronouns (which are mine, thine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, and theirs) are used in place of nouns, whereas the possessive determiners (which are my, thy, your, his, her, its, our, and their) are used as adjectives.  If this is the case, then why is example 1 below correct, as opposed to example 2?   Whose book is this? It is mine.   Whose book is this? It is *my.


How to join a LAN world on Minecraft without being on the same internet?

Is there a way to join a LAN world on Minecraft without being on the same internet? I tried just typing in the IP but it didn't work, my friend and I want to play together on a LAN world but I don't know how.


I have a problem with the denoiser, I need it but it's messing up final render. Everything seems right.   Then when denosier comen in.    Presets are default and this is the first time this happens,  image its 1920x1080 with 512 tiles at a 1080ti.  I have volumetric scatter at .1  I gave up. Final result:   That´s at 5048 samples, denoiser radius 1 and turned off volumetrics, it lasted a lot, about 1/2 hour but i'll leave like that, thank's for the comments.


How do I get a constant Background Image?

Not only in ortho: top, front, back.  Please don't link this answer   I want a background image like this guy has ->


Why not just encrypt the message and the hash of the message to achieve cryptographic integrity?

I've always seen MACs as a way to provide integrity and authentication. You would just append it to some message in clear.  But this is clearly not the case when you're doing Encrypt Then Mac. When you do that you provide authentication to something that already has authentication (to decrypt we need to know the key). So why use a MAC when we can use a hash instead: $E(m | h(m))$? (i.e., encrypt the message appended to a hash of the message)


Is it correct to say "between you and me" or "between you and I"?  I am not a native English speaker, so please bear with me.


What distinguishes the particles we chose as matter from their antimatter equivalent?

Back before we knew about antimatter we just called everything matter.  Ignoring CP-violation for a moment, there is nothing special about matter versus antimatter.  Once we knew about antimatter it was easily to label all of the common particles as matter.  How do we do it for some of the more exotic stuff though?  For the Muon and Tau, do we call the matter version matter simply because they have negative charges like the electron?  Do we use conservation of lepton number?  For things like the Top quark, how can we distinguish between the two and determine which is the Top and the other the Anti-Top?  Did we decide that the matter one was the one with the positive charge because the Up quark has a positive charge?  How about for the W+ versus W- bosons?  Does it matter which is the matter W and which is the antimatter W?  Have we designated which a matter W?  For Neutrinos it seems extra tricky.  Did we go based only on lepton number preservation?  For Mesons which have a quark and a different anti-quark, is the choice of the matter versus antimatter meson completely arbitrary?


I want to install google Chrome in Ubuntu 18.04. I tried:  sudo wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb   But I get an error:     Connecting to dl.google.com (dl.google.com)|216.58.201.46|:443...   connected. ERROR: cannot verify dl.google.com's certificate, issued by   ‘CN=Google Internet Authority G3,O=Google Trust Services,C=US’:   Unable to locally verify the issuer's authority. To connect to   dl.google.com insecurely, use `--no-check-certificate'.   I searched on posts about similar issue. Some of the suggestions:  apt-get install ca-certificates apt-get install ssl-cert   But did not help.   How to solve the issue and install Chrome safely without ignore the certificate as I want secure installation.


How can photons cause charges to attract?

Photons are the force carrier of the electromagnetic force. I do not see how this could result in a transfer of momentum that attracts objects together.


I realized I had named a bunch of files in an off-by-one fashion so I wanted to rename any file starting with "1" to the same thing except starting with 2.  For example mv 1.4.5.txt 2.4.5.txt or mv 1-chart.jpg 2-chart.jpg etc.  I tried mv 1* 2* but this was not accepted because it interprets 2* as a directory.


Can $n!$ be a perfect square when $n$ is an integer greater than $1$?  Clearly, when $n$ is prime, $n!$ is not a perfect square because the exponent of $n$ in $n!$ is $1$.  The same goes when $n-1$ is prime, by considering the exponent of $n-1$. What is the answer for a general value of $n$?  (And is it possible, to prove without Bertrand's postulate. Because Bertrands postulate is quite a strong result.)


Proving a subset of the natural numbers has a minimal element

Given $A \subseteq \mathbb{N}, A \neq \emptyset$, prove that A has a minimum element.   Can anyone help me with this problem?


Government investigating home library of missing inventor

This is a short story from the 50s or 60s.  A scientist or inventor has invented either teleportation or a space drive and has disappeared - leaving no documentation or clues except his extensive home library.  The government gathers all types of scientists to attempt to duplicate his research.  Several months later, as they are about to launch the first space drive space ship, the officer in charge reveals that there was no 'disappeared inventor'.  The greatest step toward a new impossible concept is knowing that it has already been done.


The Inquisitive silver badge  reads:     Ask a well-received question on 30 separate days, and maintain a positive question record.   Please correct me if I am wrong, I interpret the latter part as maintaining a score of greater than or equal to one, but how is well-received defined? I could not find any details about it on the linked badge description page.  I see this badge available on lot of other SE sites, but never understood completely how it works. Also, does the interpretation of the definition applies similarly on all the sites or could differ between the sites?


Determine CPU, Memory, Disk Usage data for C++ Application

I've an application which runs on linux where I need to gather the performance statistics (CPU usage, Memory usage, Disk usage etc) from inside the application itself.  As I observed there are two methods to achieve this.  First one is to execute a tool like pidstat or sar from the c++ code and process the result and gather information and save them in a database Second method is to follow the method mentioned in below ticket.    I need to know the recommended way of doing this. I might need to gather around 10 performance statistics fields (like CPU Usage, Memory Usage, Disk Usage etc).


I'm having trouble using underscores in parts of sequence diagrams made using pgf-umlsd.  This is particularly perplexing as I have not had this problem in the past, though I've not used the package in maybe almost a year or so.  Here is a minimal example:  \documentclass{article}  \usepackage{pgf-umlsd}  \begin{document}  \begin{sequencediagram} \newthread{process}{process} \newinst{hash}{hash\_store}  \begin{sdblock}{Startup}{}   \mess{hash}{{list\_manifest()}}{process} \end{sdblock} \end{sequencediagram}  \end{document}   That underscore in list_manifest generates this error:  ! Missing \endcsname inserted. <to be read again>                     \protect  l.12   \mess{hash}{{list\_manifest()}}{process}   Take out that underscore and the figure generates as expected.  Previously I have made such diagrams with underscores in precisely that fashion.  I could not determine what's going wrong, or any simple way to wrap and hide that underscore.  Note that the underscore in the component instance label hash_store does not cause a problem.  I'm using pgf-umlsd version 0.6 or 0.7 (I think the \ProvidesPackage was not updated):  % History: % v0.7 2012/03/05 \ProvidesPackage{pgf-umlsd}[2011/07/27 v0.6 Some LaTeX macros for UML   This is with pdfTeX 3.1415926-2.5-1.40.14 (TeX Live 2013/Arch Linux), texlive-core 2013.33063-1.  What's changed and how should I rework that label?


What can moderators do about suspended chat users who attempt to engage with users via their chat profiles?

Recently, we encountered a rather persistent user in a chat room, repeatedly attempting to engage with other users in the chat by editing their chat profile description and repeatedly leaving and re-entering the room in order to draw attention to themselves with the entry animation. Some users do indeed follow on to them, speaking to them in the main chat while they "respond" by editing their chat profile descriptions.  In my opinion, I don't like it when others do this, because it not only makes the chat one-sided and thus difficult to follow for other users, but it also violates the spirit of a suspension: they should not be able to get around the spirit of it by "chatting" via their chat bio with users who are willing to engage with them. In some cases, it can even smother existing topics and chats.  I'm aware that there exists a  to increase the force of a chat suspension, to prevent suspended users from being able to join rooms or edit their chat profile descriptions, and it could take a while for that to be implemented since resources seem to have been diverted away from chat development.  That said, given the current state of the chat moderation tools, what can moderators do against such users? The only actions one can take directly against the user are to clear out their chat profile description or delete their chat profile, but the user can quickly recreate those.  After some consideration, I think the correct solution might be to not directly go against the user, but against the other users who attempt to engage with the suspended user. A moderator could ask others to mark the user as "ignored" (which would also disable the entry animation for that user, for that user) and not to engage with them, and kick chat users who do attempt to engage with the suspended user. The hope there would be that the suspended user would realize that their efforts are futile and move on. But what if said user seems to have the time and energy to keep doing what they're doing? I only believe that to be a short-term solution, as it requires moderators to persistently be on patrol, and the entry animation cannot be disabled globally (only by each user).


Plural or singular? After the word "any"

I often get confused which one to use after any. Or are both correct?  Do you have any room available on March 22nd?   Do you have any rooms available on March 22nd?


past simple instead of past perfect in sentences including "until"

Until I went into the army, I was an introverted person for a long time.       I'm not comfortable sayin like this. rather I would say like this.         Until I went into the army, I had been an introverted person for a long time.       I don't know why but I feel more comfortable saying #2. How about you guys?


Is it bad to have a low entropy in /dev/random?

I wonder whether for the average Linux user it is considered as bad -from a point of view of security or any other relevant viewpoints- to have no or almost no entropy left in /dev/random.   Edit: I don't need to generate random numbers (I would use /dev/urandom for that and even for password generation and disk encryption). Just for the fun of it, I have a bash script that generates strings of random characters out of /dev/random and of course, after playing a bit with it, I am left without entropy in /dev/random and it blocks. On IRC I was told it's "bad" to do so, but I wasn't given any reason. Is it bad because the average Linux user automatically generates random things using /dev/random? If so, which program(s) is/are involved?  I also understand that having no entropy left in /dev/random makes the generation of numbers deterministic. But again, is my computer (the average Linux user) in need of truly random numbers?   Edit 2: I've just monitored the entropy level every second in /dev/random during about 3 minutes, where I launched my bash script that uses entropy to generate a string of random character around the beginning of the monitoring. I've made a plot. We can see that indeed, the entropy level oscillates somehow, so some program(s) on my computer are using /dev/random to generate stuff. Is there a way I can list all programs using the file /dev/random?   We can also see that it takes less than a minute to yield "acceptable levels" of entropy once the entropy pool has been emptied.


What's the action of banging two beers together called?

When beers in cans or bottles are banged together in rejoice of the company you're with, what is the action called?


Is it "at" or "in" or "on" stack exchange?

Could someone tell me which   is correct? is there an alternative?  Thank you.     You are at Stack exchange site.      You are in Stack exchange site.      You are on Stack exchange site.   I checked this page  and I think the correct is in.  in because you are inside a site/place.


Solved Problems in Algebraic Number Theory

I'm not too sure whether this is the right place to ask this (and please correct me if it is not), but I'm currently studying a course in Algebraic Number Theory and would like to be pointed in the direction of any solved problems that can assist in learning.  I have the book Problems in Algebraic Number Theory by Murty and Esmonde, which is particularly good, but are there any further sources (inc. online) available that do a similar job?   It is so often frustrating to be presented with an extensive list of practice questions, many of which form part of the exposition of the material (as in Number Fields by Marcus for example) and then to have no real way of knowing whether any solution you generate is correct and has not made any oversights.   MSE is undoubtedly a good place to verify any answers and clear up issues, but question limits and the impracticality of going online every time a solution seems suspect (or the question is computational and lacks any result to check against) form a barrier.  I suppose any ANT textbook that has an accompanying solutions manual or online published solutions is what I have in mind. Or failing that, links to institutions running a course in ANT with answers to homework exercises.  Thanks in advance.


I have a windows 8 laptop and i am interested in downloading and installing Ubuntu 12.04.3, but what happens next? Can I change back to my old desktop? How do i use Ubuntu? Please I need advice


Setting composer layout units to inches in QGIS

I open a new composer and select ANSI A for my paper. The notation after the name is "Letter; 8.5inx11in", but the width and height are displayed in mm, and the units selection is grayed out, so I can't change it. The rulers at the top and left of the layout are in mm, and the parameters for "Snap to grid" are also in mm. If I then select "Custom", I can select inches for units, and the Width and Height display as 8.5 and 11. However the rulers in the layout are still in mm, as are the units for the grid.   Can the entire composer project be converted to inches?    qgis 2.01 64 bit windows 7, 64 bit


recommend you + to-infinitive vs recommend that you + infinitive

I'd like to ask about the use of the verb "recommend" in the following sentences:  We'd recommend you to book your flight early. The plumber recommended me to buy a new water heater.  The first sentence is taken from the entry for the verb "recommend" in the online Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary and the other is from a grammar site. I'm still unsure if the usage "recommend someone" instead of "recommend to someone" is widely acceptable. While the first sentence seems have only one possible interpretation: "recommended to you", the other one, although less likely, could also be interpreted like: "The plumber recommended me, not someone else, to buy a new water heater". My question is whether it is possible to reinterpret the given examples as:  We'd recommend that you book your flight early. The plumber recommended that I buy a new water heater.  meaning that the interpretation is not that "you" or "me" are the objects of "recommend" but the whole proposition following it: "you to book your flight early" and "me to buy a new water heater", same as "that" clauses are in the rephrased examples? Edit: Thanks to all the contributors for the help! The meaning of the rephrases of the examples with "that" clause that I gave do tell essentially the same, but I was looking for the nuance in the interpretation of:  We'd recommend you to book your flight early  by comparing it with "that" clause rephrase:  We recommend that you book your flight early.  The salient reading of the first sentence for me would be : We'd recommend to you..and here is what we recommend.., meaning that there's a prosodic pause between "We'd recommend to you.." and the content of the recommendation which is "to book your flight early", while the second sentence I'd read as "We recommend..and here is what we recommend", which is "that you book your flight early", meaning that now the person who is recommended something is part of the content of the recommendation. In other words, this person doesn't stand prominently as the explicit object of the recommendation as it does in the former sentence. In brief, I was thinking that sentence 1 above may be interpreted as 2 too, not only as "recommend to you". When I use "for" in between the verb "recommend" and the person recommended this is more clearly shown:  I'd recommend for you to book your flight early.  Here again I'd read the sentence as "I'd recommend..and here is what I recommend". The person recommended is part of the whole proposition recommended — "for you to book your flight early", same as with "that-clause" phrasing, and it is not a clear object of the verb "recommend" as it is in "recommend to you" interpretation . By the way,I'd like to know how acceptable "recommend for someone to do something" construction is to you, as I haven't found it noted in Oxford ALD. To clarify my question, I'd like to add that in the original sentences "recommend" takes "to-infinitival" complement, not a bare verb which would be understood as a "that"-clause with "that" elided: "recommend you book your flight early", would stand for "recommend that you book your flight early". Again, my question is if "that-clause" complement, (nevermind if "that" is elided or not) is comparable with "you to book your flight early" or "for you to book your flight early" in the given sentence. Finally, as native speakers you're entitled to question any dictionary or book as it is up to you to decide what works and what not, there's no single ultimate authority for the language people speak, so you can argue even with Oxford guys. "Grammatical" is what is acceptable to the majority of the speakers.


I found  post about how to do Crow's Foot ERM Diagrams with Tikz, but it looks strange because the entity is outside the frame. However, it worked.  Then I found  even nicer version and tried to combine it, but sadly I'm not able to find out why it doesn't work. I'm not able to print two entities side by side and connect them with a crow's foot wire. They always print over each other...  How can I have both the lines and the style?  \documentclass{article}  \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{shapes.multipart} \usetikzlibrary{matrix} \usetikzlibrary{positioning} \usetikzlibrary{shadows} \usetikzlibrary{calc}  \tikzset{     entity/.code={         \tikzset{             rounded corners,                          name=#1,             inner sep=2pt,             every entity/.try,         }%         \def\entityname{#1}%     },     entity anchor/.style={matrix anchor=#1},     every entity/.style={             draw,     },     every property/.style={         inner xsep=0.20cm, inner ysep=0.075cm, anchor=west, text width=1.75in     } } \def\property#1{\node[name=\entityname-#1, every property/.try]{\propertysplit#1;};} \def\properties{\begingroup\catcode`\_=11\relax\processproperties} \def\processproperties#1{\endgroup%     \gdef\propertycode{}%     \foreach \p in {#1}{%     \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\gdef\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\propertycode%             \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter{\expandafter\propertycode\expandafter\property\expandafter{\p}\\}%     }%     \propertycode% } \def\propertysplit#1:#2;{#1:\hfill#2}  \def\entitynamenode{% \node[every entity name/.try] (\entityname-name) {\entityname}; \draw (\entityname-name.south west) -- (\entityname-name.south east); \\[1ex] } \tikzset{   every entity name/.style={every property/.try, align=center} } \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={font=\ttfamily}, node distance=0.5in] \matrix (m1) [entity=Employee] {     \entitynamenode     \properties{         Username:,         Password :  varchar(255),                 Name :  varchar(255),         LastName :  varchar(255)     } }; \matrix (m2) [entity=Student] {     \entitynamenode     \properties{         Username:,         Password :  varchar(255),                 Name :  varchar(255),         LastName :  varchar(255)     } }; \draw [->] (m1) -- (m2); % <-- it break's here... %\draw [one to omany] (Employee-Username:) to node[above]{label} (Student-Username:); \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}      Edit: this is a Crow's Foot Notation for visualizing IT Database structures:


I used shred to erase my HDD but after leaving for a few hours and then returning, I found the screen was filled with "Error failed to write to entry ignoring read only file system". I restarted my machine, now it gives me the 1962 no OS found error, as I expected. Was the "failed to write to entry" suppose to happen? and did it securely wipe the files as I wanted? this is the first time I've used shred on a whole drive, so I'm not sure what to expect.  I used the command:  shred -vfz -n 10 /dev/sda


How can I change the user agent string sent by Chrome on my Nexus 7?

Reading the reviews of the  on Google Play,  said that since Chrome supports HTML5, he had managed to persuade the BBC iPlayer website to play him streams meant for iPad/iPhone devices by spoofing an IOS user agent string on his Nexus 7.  How might I go about getting the same thing to work myself?  I have looked at  and  but both seem to concentrate on the Dolphin browser. Also, please mention if a solution will require me to root my Nexus-7.  Incidentally, I also tried using  with Firefox, but although Firefox supports HTML5 and the iPlayer website shows pages without either install flash or use external app messages, it still won't play the streams (it just sits swirling its progress wheel), hence looking for a solution for Chrome.


Why does Meta allow posts that are not questions?

I have searched to see if there was any post about this but the only thing I could find was  explaining what Meta is, and it still suggests that Meta is supposed to be used for asking questions, not advertising new features or announcing new community managers.  For example, how is  a question?  Why should someone get 1460 (292*5) points for "asking" it?  We then have people getting 530 (53*10) points just for saying congratulations and nothing else:         Furthermore, and perhaps of most importance, why do we only let these free points for people saying things like "congratulations" go to people that already have 10 points reputation (see image below)?


Do apes and humans share 99% of DNA or 99% of genes? What is the difference?

I made an answer on the Scifi.SE that can be read . It is about how the characters in the story Jurassic Park might have gotten DNA for all the species shown.  In my answer, I said this:     Apes and Humans, for example, share over 99% of their genes. That means the difference between our species is less than 1% of our genes. In fact, all life on Earth shares about 50% of it's genes.   but in the original posting (before someone edited it) I chose to use the word DNA instead of genes.  He left this comment in the section to explain the edit:     Sorry, I'm a biologist, I can't help it. Humans and apes share 99% similarity in the coding sequences of their DNA, the ~5% that codes for genes, not on all the DNA. I simplified this to genes for the answer.   I have a basic high school understanding of DNA and genes, so I'm afraid I fail to see the difference between using "DNA" or using "genes" in my statement. I understand that genes are specific sequences of DNA that are used by the cell in some way. I understand that DNA is more generic, including all of the strands, whether they are used or not, whether they seem to code for something or not.  So is it wrong then to say that apes and humans share 99% of their DNA or is it equally correct to say "genes"?


Everyone has a dream with stars in their heart / hearts?

As in the title, I'm conflicted whether to use the former or the latter. Logically speaking, I'd rather choose "hearts" since we're talking about everyones', but some quotes found on the internet make me wonder.


How to auto level-down section headings when \input-ing an document?

I'm wondering if there's a way to tell (Xe)LaTeX to handle \chapter as \section, \section as \subsection and so on when inputting a document via \input into another document.  The setting is: I have a text with minimal LaTeX Markup. I need to use this text in two different environments / two different root files.  One produces my "standalone" Version of this text where I need big headings and the other one is a thesis referring to this text where I need to level-down the headings, because it's part of a \chapter. Any ideas?    text file "text.tex"  \chapter*{Introduction} Bla Bla \section*{Point 1} ...     root file #1:  \begin{document} \input{text} \end{document}     root file #2:  \begin{document} \chapter{First ideas to my text} ... \chapter{My way to my text} ... \chapter{The final text} \input{text} \end{document}


regex not working for dynamic variable with character as input

let result= str.match( /i/g ); //it works and returns all occurrence of i   but i tried the below statements it didnt work when i pass a dynamic variable which has the same input 'i' as the above statement. what is wrong in the below syntax. let result= str.match( /arr[i]/g ); let result= str.match( '/'+arr[i]+'/g ');


How can I turn a secondary HDD on and off using a bash script?

For power saving reasons I want to turn off a second hard drive. When the secondary HDD is needed I want to turn it on. I found a  but I need to be able to turn off and turn on. How can I turn a secondary HDD on and off from a bash script? Thank you very much for your help.


I have some captions created with the command \DeclareCaptionType[name=Gráfico]{grafico}  and I want wrapfigure to use this caption. How can this be done?


Im a first year student of physics. Because of coronavirus we have got online lessons, but my mechanic's lecturer doesn't like us, he didn't explain anything, just give us a problems to solve.  I've got Landau-Lifshitz's book, but I even don't have enough caculus, to understand everything there.  (there is the first and last equation, without derivation, I dont have even partial derivative in lessons [ofc., I learned it in my own, its not too bad, but Landau is still difficult]).  Can you recommend me anything, that can help?


Gnome Shell window snap to quarters of screen

I love the window snap feature of the Gnome 3 shell. However, it only allows you to maximize windows or to snap to the left or right half of the screen. Is there a way to snap to quarters of the screen? Maybe some shell extension I'm unaware of?


Why does "Size on disk" vary when "Size" does not with the same set of files?

I understand why .  I have three NTFS-formatted drives with the same exact data on it. Their allocation unit is 4096 bytes. The number of files and folders as well as the size matches on all three.  However when I open the properties for the root folder of these mirrored drives, only on the first two have the Size on disk match though. On the third, it is slightly larger.  Is this a potential signal of file corruption, or a mere byproduct of the file system?


Let $x_0$ $\in \space G$, G is open, and put $F=[x_0,\infty) \cap G^c.$ (a) Prove that $F$ is a non-empty set.

Let G be a non-empty open subset of $ \mathbb{R}$.     Let $x_0$ $\in \space G$ and put $F=[x_0,\infty) \cap G^c.$ Here $[x_0,\infty)=\lbrace x \in \mathbb{R}:x \geq x_0  \rbrace $.  (a) Prove that $F$ is a non-empty set.  My attempt:  I found a counter example. If $G= \mathbb{R}-\lbrace 0 \rbrace $ then $G$ is clearly open. However, if $x_0 =5$ for example, then we have F=$\emptyset$.  Yet, the exercise claims that this is never true.  Please help! Thank you very much


The laptop only takes 1 stick of memory.  I don't know the specifics of this memory beyond DDR3 1333.  Is it with parity, without parity?  What else do I need to know to buy a replacement?  Unfortunately, the laptop is a no-name brand, and I can't just look up the specs. Thank you in advance for your help.


Can I republish my SO answers as a copyrighted work?

Some of my posted answers to questions of using pyparsing are very detailed, and at some time in the future, I would like reuse some of them as material in a copyrighted ebook or book. Can I do this, given that posts on SO are under the CC-wiki license? And can someone else do this with my answers, publish my answers in their publication?


what is the C++/CLI syntax to subscribe for events?

I'm updating some old Managed C++ code with lines like this:  instanceOfEventSource->add_OnMyEvent(      new EventSource::MyEventHandlerDelegate(this, MyEventHandlerMethod) );   where   EventSource is the class that publishes events instanceOfEventSource is an instance of that class EventSource::MyEventHandlerDelegate is the delegate type for the event MyEventHandlerMethod is a (non-static) method within the current class (of which "this" is an instance) with the signature matching EventSource::MyEventHandlerDelegate   What is the right syntax for this in C++/CLI?


What causes the tension in the strap between Dr. Ryan and Matt?

In the scene where Dr. Ryan Stone's (Sandra Bullock) leg is entangled in Soyuz's parachute cords and she is tethered with Matt Kowalski (George Clooney) through a strap, there is tension in the strap, suggesting act of some external force. Where is this force coming form that is causing tension in the strap and pushing both Dr. Ryan and Matt outwards?  I'm guessing that the tension might be coming from centrifugal force, but immediate events before this scene, as well as other parts of ISS in same scene do not suggest presence of such force (or presence of any kind of rotation).


Analysis's output vs analysis output vs output of the analysis

Possible Duplicate:             Once again I'm not sure if I should use possessive or atributive or neither of them.          Please, send me an e-mail with the analysis's output.   Please, send me an e-mail with the analysis output.   Please, send me an e-mail with the output of the analysis.      Which one of them is the most idiomatic? There is any rule or recommendation about when one must use possessive/attributive or the one mentioned  above in example 3.?


Number of suggested edits seems to include own edits

On the new History beta site I have the privilege to approve tag edits already but my own edits still go into the review queue. And the review dashboard displays a different number of pending edits depending on where I am: on  I see one pending edit, on  I see none. I am pretty sure that the pending edit being displayed is my own - I edited a tag wiki and that edit hasn't been approved yet. It shouldn't be counted no matter where I am.


How do I use separate dock for each monitor?

I have three monitors. I'd like to use a dock on each monitor that displays the apps / windows open on that monitor. Is this possible?  Thanks!


Show that the set of all symmetric, real matrices is a subspace, determine the dimension

Question: Let $V \subset M(n,n,\mathbb{R})$ be the set of all symmetric, real $(n \times n)$ matrices, that is $a_{ij} = a_{ji}$ for all $i,j$. Show that $V$ is a subspace of $M(n,n,\mathbb{R})$ and calculate dim$(V)$.  My attempt so far: First part: To show that $V$ is a subspace I need to show:  (a) $ 0 \in V$ and   (b) $\forall A,B \in V:   (i) A + B \in V   (ii) \lambda A \in V$   For (a) I would say: Let $a_{ij} \in 0$(this should represent a zero matrix, is that how to write it?)   $a_{ij} = 0 = a_{ji} \Rightarrow 0 \in V$   For (b) I am actually confused since I would first think: both a $(2 \times 2)$ matrix and a $(3 \times 3)$ matrix belong to $V$ but addition of matrices of different size is undefined $\Rightarrow$ $V$ is not closed under addition $\Rightarrow$ $V$ is not a subspace of $M(n,n,\mathbb{R})$... what am I missing here? (To start I don't really understand the notation $M(n,n,\mathbb{R})$... what exactly does the $\mathbb{R}$ represent there?).  Disregarding my confusion I would still try to show (b), but my mathematical notation is still lacking competence... Is the following somewhat clear? Would anyone ever use "$\in$" to denote "is an element of matrix"?  (i)Let $a_{ij},a_{ji} \in A$ and $b_{ij}, b_{ji} \in B$. Let $A,B \in V$   $\Rightarrow a_{ij} = a_{ji}, b_{ij} = b_{ji}$   $A + B = C \Rightarrow c_{ij} = (a_{ij}+b_{ij}) = (a_{ji} + b_{ij}) = (a_{ij} + b_{ji}) = c_{ji} = (a_{ji} + b_{ji})$   $\Rightarrow C \in V$   (ii) Let $A\in V, \lambda \in \mathbb{R}$. Let $a_{ij},a_{ji} \in A$.  $\Rightarrow a_{ij} = a_{ji}$   $\lambda \cdot A = A'$ with $\lambda a_{ij} = \lambda a_{ji} \Rightarrow A' \in V$   Second part: I feel that I understand the answer... For an $(n \times n)$ matrix, the diagonal length $ = n$ and these are the elements which have no counterpart and are not critical to the symmetry. When these elements are subtracted from the total$(n^{2})$, half of the remainder can be independently selected and the other half will follow as a result. Therefore I think it makes sense to write that dim$(V) = n + \frac{n^{2}-n}{2}$.   Is this correct? If so, given the context of the exercise, how could I make my answer more acceptable?


How may the situation, when there is no inertia?

I want to know clearly the real concept of inertia.I have seen lot of definitions regarding inertia.But I could not exactly find real meaning of inertia.


Any object modelled, is transparent and wont clear flags? Im not sure even how to describe this issue

When i go to put a material on an object or even have no material the cube in material preview mode looks like this: Material Preview  Solid mode  In the shading tab it does a thing where the cube is sort of transparent but the surface is textured with the background?  I've tried going back to factory settings and uninstalling and reinstalling. I was initially using 2.8 and then updated to 2.9 but the problem still persists, so perhaps it's an issue with my computer (windows 10). I hope I explained it well enough because I'm not really sure even how to, also sorry if this is a duplicate, but I struggled to even find the terminology required to describe the problem. Anyway thanks in advance.


Application to draw electrical instalations

Are there any good Linux applications for drawing electro fittings? I haven't been able to find any...Usually these fittings are drawn in the Autocad software.


reflection at speed of light when both mirror and viewer is travelling at the speed of light

consider me sitting on the top of a train which is travelling close to the speed of light, will I be able to see my image on a mirror which I'm holding in my hand??


Troubleshooting why Powerbank Doesn't Charge Cell Phone

I have powerbank that provides 5v (presumably regulated) power, as typical of most usb interface powerbanks. I have been trying out my powerbank with different phones. It works on all except one. I have tried it with various USB cables, making sure I didn't overlook anything foolish. Then, I looked at the AC adapter of the phone that it didn't seem to be compatible with. The adapter read: 5.4v DC output. The device's official website or manual doesn't tell me what the input voltage should be. So I have the following questions   Is the fact that the device's AC adapter creates a DC 5.4v output enough to assume that, this is the correct voltage for my cell phone? If 5.4v is the input voltage, then when I attempt to power it with a 5v power bank, am I hurting it? Thus far, it just seems to be non-responsive when I try this. It seems another explanation is polarity mismatch. I'm aware that laptops have a polarity correction feature, which could explain why I can charge this phone via my laptop. Is there any other way to tell if polarity is an issue, given that I don't have access to detailed product information (unless the official website is updated, or something)   So that's the gist of it, I'm not sure why my powerbank isn't charging my phone. And I'm having difficulty troubleshooting the underlying problem by myself. Any tips big or small will be appreciated.


What is the single best way to implement switch statement in python?

I did a read through various books and blogs, come to conclusion that this is best. I am still don't know if there is better to implement switch function in python. I want to edit this question as some one marked it as Duplicate. I want this question to be answered with one-right answer where any one can search and find one best answer to implement switch statement in python. That will prevent user for searching around many blogs , forum or many books to find answer. As per Pythonic way, each problem will have one single best answer.  class MyAppLookupError(LookupError):     '''raise this when there's a lookup error for my app'''     print "exception occured"     if (LookupError =='001'):         print "There is something to fix"   def PrintBlue():     print (" You chose Blue!\r\n")  def PrintRed():     print (" You chose Red!\r\n")  def PrintOrange():     print (" You chose Orange!\r\n")  def PrintYellow():     print (" You chose Yellow!\r\n")  #Let's create a dictionary with unique key  ColorSelect = {     0:PrintBlue,     1:PrintRed,     2:PrintOrange,     3:PrintYellow     }    Selection = 0  while (True):     print ("0.Blue")     print ("1.Red")     print ("2.Orange")     print ("3.Yellow")     try:         Selection = int(input("Select a color option: "))         x=0         if ( Selection < 0) or (Selection > 3):             raise MyAppLookupError(" Enter a number >=0 and <4)")     except MyAppLookupError as er:             print er     else:         ColorSelect[Selection]() # Run the function inside dictionary as well      finally:        pass   There is another way to do is by using if-then-else statement


Prove that if $c$ is any element in a field $\mathbb{F}$ and $f(x) \in \mathbb{F}$, then $f(x) \equiv f(c)$ mod $(x-c)$

I believe I'm supposed to produce something of the from $f(x)-f(c) = (x-c)p(x)$ where $p(x) \in \mathbb{F}[x]$, however I'm not sure where to start.


If I point a torch up, would the photons hit anything?

If I point my torch up, the photons leave the atmosphere. They might hit the sun, moon or some clouds. If they miss all this, what would they likely hit - if anything?


Calculate $\int_0^\infty {\sin x ~dx\over x(x^2+1)}$

Calculate $$I:=\int_0^\infty {\sin x ~dx\over x(x^2+1)}$$   I have show that $$J:={1\over 2}\int_{-\infty}^\infty {e^{ix}-1\over x(x^2+1)}dx={\pi(e-1)\over2e}$$ but I don't know how to show $I=J$.  I do notice that $I=\Im\int_0^\infty{e^{ix}-1\over x(x^2+1)}dx$ but the integrand $F$ is not an even function, so why does $I={1\over2}\Im \int_{-\infty}^\infty F(x)dx$?


Do any of these sources of AC bonuses conflict or negate each other?

My understanding, confirmed by the answer to this question:  is that anywhere an actual +N bonus to AC is listed, they all stack.  So does the following work, or is there some conflict between some of these that would not allow them to be used together?  Barbarian 1 / Cleric 1 / Wizard 5  Unarmored, with a shield. Con 18, Dex 15   Base AC is 10 + 2 (dex) + 4 (con) = 16 Shield (+2 AC) raises this to 18   Casts Haste as an action and Shield of Faith as a Bonus Action (a house rule allows 2 concentration spells):   Haste gives +2 AC, for AC 20 Shield of Faith gives +2 AC, bringing AC up to 22   If she ever gets hit, cast Shield as a reaction:   an additional +5 to AC bringing AC up to 27 for one round   I know all of these would stack, but does anything prevent them from all being used together?


how to stop cron service in macOS catalina 10.15.3

the mac book pro create many cron process.I deleted all cron tasks and it still not work and created many cron process.How to stop? if I ignore this problem,it would create thousands of processes and make my PC stuck.


Importance of undergrad GPA, when you have a masters, applying for phd?

Background: I'm a fourth year student studying a commerce and science degree at one of the top univerisities in Australia, namely, Monash University. My majors are in finance and mathematics. Unfortunately I didn't do well in the first two years of my degree and my GPA is, in short, very average. However, I plan to do an honours in finance (if I can get in) or masters in econometrics/statistics/financial mathematics (for which I satisfy the pre requisites). The institution I attend is very reputable in econemtrics. I really have only been thinking about doing a phd for a few days now, and want to apply to NYU's finance or statistics program, 3 or 4 years down the road.  With a 2.5/4 GPA in my undergraduate, are my chances severely diminished even if my postgraduate scores are stellar, and have a competitive GMAT score? If it makes a difference, my undergraduate GPA in my commerce(finance) degree alone is something like 3.2(granted not great, but better than a 2.5!) it's the science component which drags me down. I don't know too much about American univerisities but have accepted that there isn't a chance in hell for me to get into Ivy's like Harvard, but would am still heavily interested in NYU tier universities for something in finance or econometrics. Any help or advice is very much appreciated! Thanks! Apologies for any typos - am on my phone.


How to model an irregular object made of tubes?

How can I model this irregular curved torus shape that is in the back of this dolly? I know how to cut apart a torus but I think what I need is for a torus to be extruded along a curve line.


Does the same fighting style stack with itself?

Suppose I have a ranger with the style Archery, and I take a one level dip into fighter and also pick Archery. Do I get an additional +4 to my attack rolls, or just +2? More generally, does the same Fighting Style stack with itself in other cases, like dueling with Paladin and dueling with Fighter?


Area 51 - Insecure connection issue when click a link

UPDATE: Since Area 51 is not supporting SSL yet. But the Area 51 link in the footer of Meta Stack Exchange site and in the Your Communities dropdown list contains https://, clicked from there it caused the insecure connection issue.   Actual post When I click the  link in the bottom of the , I received the insecure connection issue.  In Google Chrome:  In plain text:  Your connection is not private Attackers might be trying to steal your information from discuss.area51.stackexchange.com (for example, passwords, messages or credit cards). NET::ERR_CERT_COMMON_NAME_INVALID  In Mozilla Firefox:  In plain text:  Your connection is not secure The owner of discuss.area51.stackexchange.com has configured their website improperly. To protect your information from being stolen, Firefox has not connected to this website.


I have a scene that is pretty much ready for render, and in the render mode of the viewport it looks good. But whenever I try to render it, materials change and the lighting goes wonky. I can't see any reason why this would happen. I'm using the current version of blender.


How to update one Javascript object array without updating the other

I created an object array with some values. Then I created another object array and initialized it with the first one. Then I pushed a value in 2nd array, and console logged both arrays. Both arrays had same value. Why is this happening and how can we stop this?  My Code:  var a = { "filters": [] }; // 1st object array var keyValue = {}; // pushed 2 values in "a" array keyValue["abc"] = "123"; a.filters.push(keyValue); keyValue["def"] = "456"; a.filters.push(keyValue); var b = a; // created another object array & initialized it with "a" array var keyValue1 = {}; // pushed 1 value in "b" array keyValue1["ghi"] = "789"; b.filters.push(keyValue1); console.log(a); console.log(b);   This prints same values for a and b. How do I push values into 2nd array without updating 1st one?


Get Site Collection full URL using javascript

I want to get the URL for my site collection. One way I thought I could do it was using the window.location in javascript and getting it that way.   I know that you can use ECMA script and the client object model to do this but unsure how.  I have tried:  var context = new SP.ClientContext; alert(context.get_url());   This is returning /  How would I get it to include the full URL? i.e. http://mysharepoint:29292/


Is the sum $\sum_p \frac{1}{p^p}$ , $p$ running over the primes, transcendental?

Is the sum $$\sum_p \frac{1}{p^p}=0.2873582513062241797364\cdots $$ where $p$ runs over the primes, a transcendental number ?  I don't think that it is a Liouville-number , but I am not sure. However, the sequence $\frac{1}{p^p}$ might decrease fast enough to prove the transcendentality. However I am not sure whether it is even easy to show that the sum is irrational.  Any ideas or perhaps a reference ?


Is there a better (or other) way(s) to prove the following statement? Also, the same argument works for multiplicative groups $\mathbb{R}-\{0\}$ and $\mathbb{Q}-\{0\}$, right?       Problem Prove that the additive groups $\mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{Q}$ are not isomorphic.   Solution By cantor's diagonal argument, there is no possible bijection between $\mathbb{Q}$ and $\mathbb{R}$. Since an isomorphism needs to be a bijection, there is no possible isomorphism between the additive groups $\mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{Q}$.    Thanks


My girlfriend's laptop (an eee pc) just started malfunctioning, and it looks to me like  a virus - the keyboard is not working at all, yet sending keypresses anyway, resulting in crazy beeps any time the laptop is on. It also types characters repeatedly without a key being pressed.  Windows media player also appears intermittently.   Has anyone here any idea if this is a virus, or better still, know how to fix the issue?


Temperature dependence of resistivity in metals

We know that in high temperature, resistivity in metals goes linearly with temperature. As temperature is lowered, resistivity goes first as $T^5$ due to "electron-phonon" interaction, and then goes as $T^2$ as temperature is further lowered due to "electron-electron" interactions.   My question is, is there an intuitive way of understanding the above power-law dependence at each temperature range physically?


In  it's stated that a field having characteristic zero can be written down in first-order logic.  The definition in the  I work with (by Stephen G. Simpson) give the standard definition, which isn't a formal first order statement:  $$"(1+1+\ \dots\ +1+1)_{n\  \text{times}}\neq0"$$  Now in this Wikipedia page on  (and in the reference given there, I looked it up), it is stated that a group being periodic   $$"\forall x.\, ((x=e) \lor (x\circ x=e) \lor ((x\circ x)\circ x=e) \lor \ldots)"$$  can't be stated in first-order logic.  Both would be "for all $n\in \mathbb N$" statements and it makes my question how the characteristic zero axiom can be a first-order statement and secondly if we can formally pull off $\mathbb Q$ without first formalize $\mathbb N$.  My question is: What is the first order axiom characterizing a field having characteristic zero?


real and imaginary part of square root of any complex number

let $k\in\mathbb{C}$. What are the real and imaginary parts of any complex number $x$ so that $x^2=k$ ?   My first idea was writing  $k$ and $x$ in polar form: $x=r(\cos{\phi}+i\sin{\phi})$;$k=r'(\cos{\psi}+i\sin{\psi})$. Then use De Moivre's formula such that: $x^2=r^2(\cos{2\phi}+i\sin{2\phi})=r'(\cos{\psi}+i\sin{\psi})$.   Any hints how to go on ?   Another idea could be using roots of unity: We know how $x$ looks like when $x^n=1$


Why there is much interest in the study of $\operatorname{Gal}\left(\overline{\mathbb Q}/\mathbb Q\right)$?

Let's start for a simple quote from wikipedia:     "No direct description is known for the absolute Galois group of the   rational numbers. In this case, it follows from Belyi's theorem that   the absolute Galois group has a faithful action on the dessins   d'enfants of Grothendieck (maps on surfaces), enabling us to "see" the   Galois theory of algebraic number fields."   What does  wikipedia mean exactly  by "a direct description" of $\operatorname{Gal}\left(\overline{\mathbb  Q}/\mathbb Q\right)$?   It seems that the absolute group of rationals is very important in mathematics, in fact there are several tools from algebraic geometry whereby we try to study it (I'm measuring the importance of an object simply estimating the amount of forces invested on investigations about its nature). But why to give  this importance  to this particular object? For example why $\operatorname{Gal}\left({\overline K}/K\right)$, where $K$ is a generic field, is not "beautiful" as $\operatorname{Gal}\left(\overline{\mathbb  Q}/\mathbb Q\right)$?  Thanks in advance.


How do you deal with multivariable limits? We'll use the example $f: \mathbb R ^2 \rightarrow \mathbb R$ $$\lim _{(x,y) \rightarrow (0,0)}\frac{\sqrt{|xy|}}{\sqrt{x^2 + y^2}}$$  The limit doesn't exist, if $x=y$ we have the value $1/\sqrt{2}$ and if $y = x^3$ we get $0$. How would we prove it with the $\epsilon - \delta$ proof? Do we even need to prove it through the definition, or does it suffice to show that approaching the point by different paths leads to different answers?   Given that there are an infinite amount of paths in which to approach our point, how would you prove that the limit did actually exist? Take for example $f(x,y) = xy$, where we'll take the limit $$\lim _{(x,y)\rightarrow (1,2)} f(x,y) = 2 $$ This is obvious because the function is continuous at our point of interest, but how do you prove it directly from the definition? The same tricks we used when dealing with a single variable won't apply here due to the fact that we're dealing with a point, rather than a single number.


I am just slightly confused about how initial time is chosen in mechanics. I keep thinking I have understood it but some doubts come up later.  Basically when I derived the constant acceleration equations in a general way I ended up with $v(t)=v(0)+at$ and $x(t)=x(0)+v(0)t+\frac{1}{2} at^2$. However, I didn't set any initial conditions at this point, all I did was derive them using integration then set $t=0$ to get the constants of integration.  Now I understand that we can use a value other than $t=0$ to find the constants, however $t=0$ is convenient.  What I don't understand, is whether by setting $t=0$ to find the constants, I have now somehow implicitly chosen $t=0$ as the initial time? Because if $t=0$ was not the initial time, then it should be impossible to have $t=0$ (am I wrong in thinking this?)  In short, my question is: did I implicitly choose an initial time of $t=0$? If not, then regardless of how ugly the end result becomes, am I free to choose a nonzero initial time so that my first equation becomes $\Delta v = v(0)+at-v(t_0)$ (where I simply subtracted $v(t_0)$ from both sides, where $t_0\ne 0$, as I just said) and the second one becomes $\Delta x = x(0)+v(0)t+\frac{1}{2} at^2-x(t_0)$. I am not concerned with how ugly these are, I am simply wondering if they are correct in principle?  Also, if I wanted to make them not-ugly, I know how to do that: I would choose the $t$ value when finding the constants of integration as $t=t_0$ rather than $t=0$. In other words, my initial time is $t=t_0\ne 0$, hence $v(t)=\int a dt=at+c$ and instead of setting $t=0$ here, I instead let $t=t_0$ to get $v(t_0)=at_0+c$ or $c=v(t_0)-at_0$, hence $v(t)=v(t_0)+a(t-t_0)$. Then I would integrate again to get $x(t)=v(t_0)t+\frac{1}{2} a(t-t_0)^2+c$ and setting $t=t_0$ again gives $c=x(t_0)-v(t_0) t_0$ so that $x(t)-x(t_0)=v(t_0) (t-t_0)+\frac{1}{2} a(t-t_0)^2$.


How do I install Ubuntu to another partition from within Ubuntu?

Hi I have been looking in to installing a Linux image from within Ubuntu as I ran out of Cd's.  I am currently experiencing problems with my 12.04 and would like to install a second copy to an empty partition on my hdd for testing fixes, the problem I am having is most guides show how to do this from within windows but I want to do it from Ubuntu.  I tried Unetbootin but just got a black screen after GRUB any suggestions?