Box Cox transformation in multiple regression using car package in R

Could you please confirm that my aproache is right. In my regression model: m <- lm(FMI_W ~ IG_WD + SEX + MOTHER_BMI_W +           MOTHER_EDUCATION_CATEGORIES, data = df_adolescent)  Response variable is fat mass index. Predictors are IG_WD (metric for physical activity in weekdays) and others. The _W means winsorized data, because of outliers affecting the model. I have found that this model is inappropriate because of violating the normality assumption and also homogeneity. I decided to use BoxCox transformation. My process is as follows: Definition of the lambda with car package:  bc <- with(df_adolescent, boxCox(FMI_W ~ IG_WD + SEX + MOTHER_BMI_W              + MOTHER_EDUCATION_CATEGORIES, data = df_adolescent,               family = "yjPower"))  lambda <- bc$x[which.max(bc$y)]  family = "yjPower" is set to allow negative response. After definition of lambda I use one of these syntaxes with function bcPower or yjPower but I am not sure which one is right. They give a little bit different results as shown. The most visible is intercept value: > ynew <- lm(bcPower(FMI_W, lambda, jacobian.adjusted = TRUE) ~               IG_WD + SEX + MOTHER_BMI_W +               MOTHER_EDUCATION_CATEGORIES, data = df_adolescent)  > summary(ynew)  Call: lm(formula = bcPower(FMI_W, lambda, jacobian.adjusted = TRUE) ~      IG_WD + SEX + MOTHER_BMI_W + MOTHER_EDUCATION_CATEGORIES,      data = df_adolescent)  Residuals:     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max  -4.9492 -1.2414  0.0052  1.1841  4.7098   Coefficients:                             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)     (Intercept)                 -1.75531    1.32415  -1.326  0.18588     IG_WD                       -1.67098    0.52433  -3.187  0.00157 **  SEX                          2.14189    0.20248  10.578  < 2e-16 *** MOTHER_BMI_W                 0.12176    0.02817   4.323 2.03e-05 *** MOTHER_EDUCATION_CATEGORIES  0.05538    0.20457   0.271  0.78677     --- Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1  Residual standard error: 1.778 on 333 degrees of freedom Multiple R-squared:  0.3556,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.3478  F-statistic: 45.93 on 4 and 333 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16  > ynew1 <- lm(yjPower(FMI_W, lambda, jacobian.adjusted = TRUE) ~ IG_WD + SEX + MOTHER_BMI_W + MOTHER_EDUCATION_CATEGORIES, data = df_adolescent) > summary(ynew1)  Call: lm(formula = yjPower(FMI_W, lambda, jacobian.adjusted = TRUE) ~      IG_WD + SEX + MOTHER_BMI_W + MOTHER_EDUCATION_CATEGORIES,      data = df_adolescent)  Residuals:     Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max  -4.7364 -1.3383 -0.1024  1.1737  4.9443   Coefficients:                             Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)     (Intercept)                  1.62810    1.32829   1.226  0.22117     IG_WD                       -1.68276    0.52598  -3.199  0.00151 **  SEX                          2.10741    0.20312  10.375  < 2e-16 *** MOTHER_BMI_W                 0.12491    0.02825   4.421 1.33e-05 *** MOTHER_EDUCATION_CATEGORIES  0.03761    0.20521   0.183  0.85471     --- Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1  Residual standard error: 1.783 on 333 degrees of freedom Multiple R-squared:  0.3514,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.3436  F-statistic:  45.1 on 4 and 333 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16  I am not sure which one is right and I wasn't able to find it in the R documentation. The only difference seems to be that bcPower is able to define gamma but other than that? I'm setting the "jacobian.adjusted = TRUE" as it should give me the estimate back in the original scale if I understand it right. Is it good assumption?


Is there a difference between “?!” and “!?”?

Is there any difference between “?!” and “!?”?  The  describes:     In informal English, the same inflection is usually notated by ending a sentence with first a question mark and then an exclamation mark, or vice versa. Many people are unfamiliar with the interrobang, and would be puzzled when first seeing it, although its intention is usually self-evident. The interrobang can be hand-written with a single stroke plus the dot. One common application is in cartoons, as a stand-alone symbol of surprise.   Is there a difference, or are they identical?


Our org is hitting total API limit per 24 hour. After reviewing the login event report, we found one of the external application is trying to access salesforce using username , password + security token which generates too many login request to salesforce which can be result in too many total API hit per 24 hour. I checked the link. and it seems OAUTH refresh / access token doesn't count to the api limit  1) I wanted to know  if the external application uses OAUTH 2.0 refresh token  to access Salesforce api and refresh token is set to never expire in the connected app , will this reduce the total API hit per 24 hour?   2) After API user logs in to salesforce, does subsequent hit to salesforce    url by external application is counted as part of API limit?


Transaction Log Shipping across multiple SQL Server versions

I'm lead to believe that TLS is only appropriate/supported across the same versions of SQL Server.  What I'm trying to do is to maintain a reporting (read only) version of a production transactional SQL Server 2005 database (180 Gb) on on a SQL Server 2012 server (and in the case of other clients 2008 R2). I can do simple back up and restore at any time but to improve latency between refreshes of the database, I'd like to see if I can do something like transaction log shipping.  If TLS is not available in this scenario what do the panel suggest as an alternative strategy.


Not Sure what's happening with this edge, i've tried flipping the normals and re-building the topology, any ideas? I'm new to blender Thankyou


How to prove that $\{1/n\}\cup \{0\}$ is compact by open covers?

Given any open cover of the set I need to find a finite subcover, how can I do it?


Is the following equality correct?  $$\int_{a}^{b} f(x)\,dx = - \int_{b}^{a} f(x)\,dx.$$  I think I have already seen it before (I don't remember exactly where), but I can't find nothing about it in the internet. If the answer is yes, can you show the proof?


Change my password or where is the My Login page loctaed

In the changing password I'm suggested to navigate to the My Login page. After logging on I`m unable to locate this page or Edit Settings.


Music / iPhone: no access to library, just an image dead end: "girl with headphones"

I have an iPhone 6 running iOS 9.3.1.  I just made a synchronization with its host MacBook Pro with no problem and which might not be related in any way to the problem I witness.  Upon opening Music on this iPhone, I just get this  image:   , with apparently not any function visible on the screen or hidden anywhere.  I tried to click within the usual corners where hidden functions are placed but didn't get any reaction.  I can close the application, reopen it.  Same dead end.  My iPhone isn't connected to any network outside of my phone provider. I don't have any Internet connection (on phone, on Bluetooth or on Wi-Fi).  I never used iCloud to stay on basic problems (there are already enough problems thus far). Here are my Settings > Music:   I did not try to shutdown the iPhone since I would like to understand what is this problem and its origin before trying to fix or kill it.    Among the technical details:   I am not using Apple Music (I don't even know how to). I am not using Siri. I am not using iCloud.   Any very similar question which involve any of these three functions might be a false duplicate.  Apple doesn't aknowledge if this is a bug but seems already aware that there is a real problem with the Music software since the number of  users reporting the exact same problem is regularly growing. Their actual receipe is just "restart it" which I dont consider a professionnal answer.    If you encountered the same problem, do you have any hint of which operation or configuration error might lead to it?  What may help to analyze this problem?


Prove there is no "slowest" converging series

I want to show that for any convergent series $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_n$ with $a_n>0$ there exists a sequence $(b_n)$, $\lim\limits_{n \to \infty} b_n = \infty$, such that $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_nb_n$ converges. Any hints?


Change dynamic wallpaper directory every season

I want to have my wallpaper be seasonal (summer, fall, winter, spring), but also update daily with a seasonal themed wallpaper. So essentially, I am thinking of having 4 directories (summer, fall, winter, spring). During summer, my wallpaper background would rotate through the images in the summer directory on a daily basis. Then on Sept. 21, the wallpaper directory would change to fall, and the wallpaper would then cycle through those images on a daily basis, etc. I am comfortable writing a script, but where would I start? How this question is unique Edit: To clarify further about what makes this question unique. While there are many methods to create a slideshow, they all depend on setting the images directory. What I am asking is how to dynamically change the images directory. So slide show today comes out of the /images/winter/ directory, and slide show in spring comes out of the /images/spring/ directory. I could manually do this by just changing the directory in the appearance settings every season, but I don't want to have to that when I can tell the computer to do it for me.


jsonlite - how do I control output of long numbers?

I can not figure out how to control the output from jsonlite::toJSON() so that high precision numbers are represented as is.   For example:  l <- list(x = 1.001000000000987466525, y = 0.0000022624065747878902023) jsonlite::toJSON(l, pretty = TRUE, digits = NA, auto_unbox = TRUE)  {   "x": 1.00100000000099,   "y": 2.26240657478789e-06 }    I would like the output of toJSON to preserve the exact value in l as follows:   {   "x": 1.001000000000987466525,   "y": 0.0000022624065747878902023 }    Can this be done?


In computer science,  is a common technique used to increase the throughput of processing units, both in the context of hardware and software. When describing a context that are amenable to pipelining, we would say that is is pipelinable/pipelineable.  I have found neither pipelinable nor pipelineable in any dictionary, so I assume this form (along with pipelining?) has been invented by researchers/engineers. When I search Google scholar, I find 659 results for , and 1550 results for , leading me to believe that there is also no clear consensus in the scientific community.  Are there any arguments for using one over the other when it's not a dictionary word, or is it truly arbitrary?


I have a build script that executes a long command that produces lots of output which went like this:  ./compile   In order to troubleshoot compilation performance, I want to use ts (from ) which prefixes each output line with a timestamp.  So I updated my script like this:  bash -c "./compile | ts '[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]'"   This works, but now the exit value is always 0, event when compile fails (I think, because ts exits without an error).  How can I update my script to return compile's exit code while using ts?


How can I embed a View inside a content of a node?

How can I embed a view inside a content of a node in Drupal 8?   I found something similar, for example in the question about "" or the  module, but it is all for Drupal 7.  I tried with an Entity reference field pointing to a View but it display only a label and from the Manage Display tab I can choose only from Label and Entity ID. I need something like the "Rendered entity" option that is present on Entity reference fields pointing to other nodes.


AC adapter more wattage than required issues

Many say it is safe using an AC adapter exceeding the required current. But  says:     a power adapter that can provide more current than the load requires will sometimes work, but if the current difference is very large (say 30 to 50%) be aware that "ripple voltage" on the adapter output may be higher than ideal, and a filtering capacitor may be required to smooth out the DC output voltage of the adapter.   So, is it better to stick closely to the required current? (obviously assuming the specs are reliable)  EDIT: in my case i'm considering  for a 45W load.


What Is Bigger $\frac{3}{e}$ or $\ln(3)$

Hello everyone what is bigger $\frac{3}{e}$ or  $\ln(3)$? I tried to square it at $e$ up and I got: $e^{\frac{3}{e}} = \left(e^{e^{-1}}\right)^{3\:}$ and $3$ but I don't know how to continue I also tried to convert it to a function but I didn't find.


Can we access @AuraEnabled variables in @AuraEnabled methods?

I need to use a couple of variables in my lightning components. Hence, I declared them with @AuraEnabled annotation. There are a couple of methods which also being used in a lightning controller(i.e. they are also with @AuraEnabled annotation).   The variables which are annotated with @AuraEnabled, will be updating in different conditions of methods. Hence I need to these variables in that @AuraEnabled methods. However, I am getting compile time error, with following approaches:   If I declare @AuraEnabled variables, and directly using them in @AuraEnabled methods; I am getting variable not declared error.   e.g.  @AuraEnabled public Integer someCount;  @AuraEnabled public static List<custom_object> processData(){    if(this){         someCount += someValue;    }else{        someCount -= someValue;    } }    If I use this.comeCount += someValue; , I am getting Variable does not exist: this.sum1 error.    Please let me know if there is any way to achieve this or am I doing something wrong.


Operator Exponential $e^A e^B = e^{A+B}$

This question comes from an exam in my functional analysis class.  Suppose $X$ is a Banach space, and $T \in B(X,X)$ is a bounded linear operator on $X$. For any non-negative integer $n$, let $$S_n=\sum_{k=0}^n \frac{1}{k!} T^k$$ where $T^k$ is the composition of $T$ with itself $k$ times and $T^0=I$.  We can show that for any integer $k>0$, $\Vert T^k \Vert \le \Vert T \Vert ^k$. Then we can show that $S_n \in B(X,X)$ and there is some $S \in B(X,X)$ such that $S_n \to S$. We write $S = e^T$ for this operator.  Finally, We were asked to show that $e^T$ has an inverse, and that it is $e^{-T}$. My thought is to prove the following claim first: if $A,B \in B(X,X)$ and $AB = BA$, then $e^A  e^B = e^{A+B}$. If the claim is true, it follows that $e^T e^{-T}=I$.  The claim can be proven provided that the product series can be computed with the Cauchy rule.  $$e^Ae^B=\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}\frac{A^i}{i!}\sum_{j=0}^{\infty}\frac{B^j}{j!}=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\sum_{l=0}^{k}\frac{A^lB^{k-l}}{l!(k-l)!}$$ $$=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{k!}\sum_{l=0}^{k}\frac{k!}{l!(k-l)!}A^lB^{k-l}= \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{k!}(A+B)^k= e^{A+B}$$  But why can the product series be summed in the Cauchy way? I know for real-number series, by Cauchy's theorem, if $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n$ and $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} b_n$ are absolutely convergent to $A$ and $B$, respectively, then we can add $a_i b_j$ in any way, and the resulting series will converge to $AB$. Does this proposition still hold for commutable operators? (It would be greatly appreciated if ideas of proof or reference is suggested.)


Is it ungrammatical to say "good morning" when it is not morning?

Is there a grammatical rule that applies to saying "good morning" when it is not morning?


I'm trying to shoot bullets where the mouse is aiming using one image as a test. I'm trying to get the mechanics like    I have some kind of algorithm to handle that but the results arn't too good. Can anyone help me make the bullet fly towards the mouse's exact location? My code:   public class GameScreen implements Screen{    MyGame mg;     SpriteBatch batch;   Sprite s;      float timeStep=1f/60f;   float turretX=10f;   float turretY=10f;   float bulletSpeed=0.1f;     float bulletX=turretX;   float bulletY=turretY;    float dirX= 100 - turretX;   float dirY= 100 - turretY;    public GameScreen(MyGame mg) {      this.mg = mg;        float dirLength= (float) Math.sqrt(dirX*dirX + dirY*dirY);      dirX=dirX/dirLength;      dirY=dirY/dirLength;       }    @Override   public void render(float delta) {      Gdx.gl.glClearColor(1F, 1F, 1F, 1F);       Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);      update(delta);       batch.begin();         batch.draw(s, bulletX, bulletY);      batch.end();    }    public void update(float delta) {      if(Gdx.input.isKeyPressed(Keys.SPACE)) {      dirX= Gdx.input.getX() - turretX;      dirY= Gdx.input.getY() - turretY;      }       bulletX=bulletX+(dirX*bulletSpeed*timeStep);      bulletY=bulletY+(dirY*bulletSpeed*timeStep);      }    @Override   public void resize(int width, int height) {      // TODO Auto-generated method stub    }    @Override   public void show() {      batch = new SpriteBatch();       s = new Sprite(new Texture(Gdx.files.internal("HUDS/button_Back.png")));    }    @Override   public void hide() {      // TODO Auto-generated method stub    }    @Override   public void pause() {      // TODO Auto-generated method stub    }    @Override   public void resume() {      // TODO Auto-generated method stub    }    @Override   public void dispose() {      // TODO Auto-generated method stub    }    }


My spouse disappeared while adventuring together

So I married Onmund a while back, and I guess I told him to wait in the orphanage after murdering Grelod (not sure why I did that) and then found him there. I've kept him as a follower since then, and we just raided Fort Snowhawk together. After clearing the place out we started making our way to Solitude where I passed the apprentice stone (he's still following at this point) and about the same distance from the fort and apprentice stone but in the direction of solitude I found an abandoned camp and took a book from it. This was too much to carry so I turned around to give some things to Onmund but he's suddenly gone! I know he was with me at LEAST until we got to the apprentice stone, and we didn't fight anything between the stone and abandoned campsite. I don't see him anywhere, and it's too damn slow to go anywhere without dropping my loot (most of which i plan to sell). I last had my horse near the college of winterhold, and god knows where he wandered off to (closest stable to there is windhelm I think) so I can't go anywhere.  Does anyone have an idea of how to either find him, use a console command to bring him to me, or is this a scripted event that I didn't know about? This just happened now so I haven't done much (any) troubleshooting myself before searching online, where I didn't find any answers quickly.


I'm trying to update tortoisehg as the current version that I have is 2.2, however:  $ sudo apt-get install tortoisehg tortoisehg is already the newest version   I have also tried these commands:  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tortoisehg-ppa/releases sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install tortoisehg   But I'm getting add-apt-repository: command not found


Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) service stuck at starting

I'm used to use this service because I like to use my wireless card as a hotspot, but since yesterday the service doesn't start anymore. The last time I tried to enable connection sharing, COM Surrogate stopped responding so I saw ICS service was stuck at "starting" and never starts. I already restarted my computer, checked service's dependencies, disabled firewall and nothing worked.   What's going on?


Is there a way to use Google, to get results from the past?

In other words, is there a way to exclude results from after a certain date in Google, or in some other web browser?  Use case: a recent film with a one-word, common-dictionary-word title and a big advertising budget might have semantically tainted an otherwise simple search. Rather than putting a minus on the name of the director, protagonist's actor, and protagonist, it would be simpler (userwise) to exclude results from after the movie was announced. How can one do that?


as applies for 3 sphere.  Is there a solution for Banach–Tarski paradox for n sphere? or in particular for 5 sphere, and if so what is the general solution?


Shell script calling non-main method of running java program

I have developed a shell script, which calls main method of a java program RHEL environment.    Shell script ( say app.sh) have multiple options on the lines of tomcat.sh   start: It will start a java program by calling main method  stop: It will get running process id and kill the process   I have already implemented start and stop command and looking forward to implement pause command.   pause: This option should get the pid of running java application and call a non-Main method.  I don't have issues to get the process id. But can I invoke non-Main method of java program from running process id?  EDIT:    question offer solutions in different technologies but I can't move to different technology except using shell script.


xargs: The command line for command is built up until it reaches a system-defined limit - What limit?

I looked briefly at the source code of xargs in findutils 4.6.0 and saw that 'n' defines: args_per_exec But there seems to be no default value for args_per_exec in find utils  So where is the 'system-defined limit' defined?  It's no duplicate since the question is meant as explanation for the manpage entry, not the generic question for an arbitrary command length


Highlight comments from answer author, in addition to question author

In addition to the highlighting comments made by the question owner (as described ), I think it would be a good idea to highlight comments left by the author of the answer being commented on. This way, the conversation between asker and answerer is more defined/obvious. Edit: This is an edit to bring this to the site owners attention again - It would help people like me with bad eyesight to track down their comments. I originally opposed the questioner highlighting, but experience has shown me that I was wrong, and I think that answerer highlighting of comments would be very useful.


How do I use which(1) with the system's default $PATH?

I would like to use which with the system's default path, ignoring any embellishments from the user's shell configuration files.  Motivation  I am attempting to write a script to find the system's Ruby binary. Many Ruby developers use a Ruby version manager, which adds something like ~/.rvm/bin to the start of their $PATH. I want to bypass this and use the version of Ruby that came with the system, or was installed via the system's package manager.  Current solution  Here's what I've tried so far:  $ env -i sh -c "which ruby"   This gives no output, and exits with 1. I would expect it to work though, because the path includes /usr/bin, and my system came with a Ruby binary at /usr/bin/ruby:  $ env -i sh -c "echo \$PATH" /usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:. $ which -a ruby # ... /usr/bin/ruby   A few additional details:   env -s bash -c "which ruby" also doesn't find anything. env -i zsh -c "which ruby" does find /usr/bin/ruby, but I can't depend on zsh. Using the full path to which (to make sure I'm using the binary, not the shell built-in) doesn't make any difference.   My environment  I'm writing this in Bash on OS X, but would like it to be portable to other shells and operating systems.


I have an SSD of 250GB, and in the Storage view of about this Mac it's write I have close to 90GB of apps, when clearly the applications folder is only 18GB. I can hardly believe that system applications and background apps take up nearly 75GB of space ?   Where do the 75GB comes from?


Custom attributes in ASP.NET web forms HTML tag

I am using ASP.NET webforms on the .NET 3.5 framework. How can I achieve a custom attribute in the HTML tag such as:  <HTML lang="en">   I want to achieve this in the code behind on a common inherited base page. The attribute value would dynamically set based on a session value everytime a page is loaded.  Late addition: I want to achieve this without any ASP page changes to script tags if possible


Unlink Facebook login for Stack Exchange profile

When I first started with Stack Exchange I created a profile through a Facebook link. I am about to delete that Facebook account and was wondering if there was a way to 'unlink' my current Facebook profile and replace with another?  Or alternatively just to replace with a standard email login?


Why are people weightless whilst in orbit around the Earth? ISS? Satellites?

Had physics for 2 years now on highschool, but there is a thing I am wondering about.  You know the in the height above the earth surface around where the satellites are (Or the ISS), I've calculated that there actually is a big amount of gravity-forces, even up there. (9.1 - 9.2 m/s^2) - How come that things aren't dragged down to earth, and why are you even weightless?  Why doesn't satellites fall down more frequently, and does it have something to do with their orbit-speed?  Okay, many questions here, but just a curious guy.


How to wrap a stuck function in a timer block?

I have a function call that will occasionally get stuck. I would like to wrap this function with a decorator that throws an exception if the function call takes more than (say) 60s to complete. How would I do this? I thought about using a separate thread with a counter that would automatically manage a timer. The thread timer should automatically reset after the function completes, as I don't want to keep spawning new threads. How would I do this? Does this already exist in a library? Thanks!


Almost all my friends  say "I will be coming tomorrow" to refer that they are coming tomorrow. Why don't they say "I will come tomorrow"?   (Note that they are not saying like "will be coming tomorrow when you watch football". They do not prefer any time or situations, simply "I will be coming/calling".)   I know that "will come" is simple future and "will be coming" is future continuous.


Below is the code:  package com.myprograms.test;  import java.util.Scanner;  public class MyProgram {      public static void main(String[] args) {          Scanner sIn = new Scanner(System.in);         String name = "";          System.out.print("Enter the name:");         name = sIn.next();          if (name.equals("somename")) {             System.out.println("Success - Case 1");         } else {             System.out.println("Failed - Case 1");         }          if (name == "somename") {             System.out.println("Success - Case 2");         } else {             System.out.println("Failed - Case 2");         }          sIn.close();     }  }   Below is the output:  Enter the name: somename Success - Case 1 Failed - Case 2   Here is the question:  Why one input behaves differently for the same condition in Java? Is it Java error?


I want to do something like this:  INSERT INTO temp_table (temp_value) VALUES ( SELECT source_value FROM the_table WHERE condition_value = some_value ) WHERE temp_condition = some_value_condition   Do you guys know a way of doing this?  Any advice is appreciated


Can't seem to make an arrow on one side of a line

I'm trying to make a very simple arrow with Tikz, like this: ---> But I only seem to get arrows that like <---> and ----><. I'm very new to LaTex and Tikz, so I'm probably doing something stupid, but I can't figure out what it is. This is my code: \coordinate (v2) at (3.5,6.5) {}; \draw[->, line width=1mm]  (v2) edge node[near start, auto, scale=2] {$F$} (3.5,4);   This is the result:  I also tried: <-, which gives me the only one arrow, but to the wrong side, so I tried to swap the two points, but that gives me the following result. Notice that the second arrow looks different:  for reference, this is the code for the second image: \coordinate (v2) at (3.5,6.5) {}; \draw[<-, line width=1mm]  (3.5,4) edge node[near start, auto, scale=2] {$F$} (v2);   I also tried to make the arrow with |-> but that just renders the | in the second arrow I used TikzEdt to draw the image and finetuned later in the document in TexStudio, both use pdflatex.


Finite Summation of Fractional Factorial Series

Is there a closed form solution for the following series? (Without Using Gamma Function): $$ S=\sum _{i=1}^{n-1} \frac{1}{(i+1)!} $$


English questions and negation with *do* in syntax

A former lecturer of mine once explained why, from a syntactic point of view, the English rule that negation and questions are formed with the auxiliary do follows from other syntactic facts about English.  More precisely, if you gave a good syntactician not familiar with English a corpus of English sentences containing everything but questions and negated phrases, then s/he could infer grammatical rules from it (such as headed-ness of phrases, what kind of arguments what word takes, etc.) From some of these rules, then, s/he could see that something specific would be wrong with the sentences "Gave you the present to Mary?" and "He went not to the cinema."  Can someone explain what exactly this something is and how it follows from other sentences?  FYI, my lecturer did this in Government & Binding with X-Bar theory. This may be more suitable a question for the proposed  but as it's not online yet I'm trying it here first.   Edit: the beta is online now at .


I have a requirement where I need to get Base URL in managed package class. I am using Url.getSalesforceBaseUrl().toExternalForm() to get base URL but getting         instead of       Thanks in advance.


Java "Pass-by-Value" Meaning for Mutable Objects

When people say that objects are passed by value, do they mean that the reference of the object is copied and "passed by value"? I've been searching through YouTube and StackOverflow for hours, and haven't gotten a clear source that says so. For example, when you pass an object by value, does that mean that you are actually passing a copy of the object that has the same memory code/reference? I don't know if I'm thinking about this the correct way so please let me know if there's anything that I'm misunderstanding.


How to set the right click menu popped out after the right click being done in GNOME 3

I use Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and GNOME 3 and I found that different from Windows. When I press the right mouse button, the right click menu gets  out. After I release that button, if the mouse pointer is on any menu item, that item will be choose which is not I want.  I want to know how to set the menu popped out after the right-click being done (when releasing the right mouse button).


Virtualization (VT-X) stopped working on w10 machine. How can I start it again?

I have a Windows 10 Home machine (Lenovo Y520) with a Core i7-7700HQ processor. Windows 10 and the BIOS are up to date. So is Oracle Virtualbox.  Until recently it was running VMs just fine with Oracle Virtualbox (doing what I bought it to do). Then it stopped doing that. VirtualBox's New VM feature stopped offering me 64-bit VMs. The ones I already had in place stopped running.  I have tried the instructions in these answers:      Specifically, I've tried upating the BIOS, reloading BIOS default settings, turning on Intel Virtualization in the BIOS, rebooting, powering off and back on again, etc etc ad nauseam. W10 Home doesn't have the Microsoft virtualization features that often interferes with VirtualBox, and I've made sure Windows Hypervisor Platform is shut off.  Still, no 64-bit vms.  What next?


What's the difference between a contrapositive statement and a contradiction?

I keep mixing them up, because they are very similar.  Some contrapositives resemble some contradictions.


This question was asked in an entrance test for an undergraduate mathematics program today, held all over India.   Question: $f$ is a differentiable function in $[0,1]$ such that $f(f(x))=x$ and $f(0)=1$.  Find the value of $\int_{0}^{1} (x-f(x))^{2016} dx$.  I tried to solve it by substituting $f(f(x))$ in place of $x$, but could not proceed much further. Any hints or solutions will be appreciated.


Identify shape of the polygons: elongation, roundness, etc

I am generalizing geological map. In the initial step I am dealing with small polygons which should be either deleted, enlarged, aggregated and etc.   Before applying operations mentioned above I would like to start with the shape analysis, such as elongated polygons or more round polygons and so on, as this may be key factor to deal with.   Geological maps have quite complex shapes which should be considered and maintained as much as possible.   Is there any way that identifies the shapes of the polygons based on the geometry?  I am using ArcGIS, Python basically.


The existence of analytical branch of the logarithm of a holomorphic function

$\Omega$ is a convex open set in $\mathbb {C}^n$ and $f$ is an analytical function Edit: without zero point on $\Omega$, then can we define an analytical branch of $\ln {f}$ on $\Omega$ ?


This is the code that I've written to remove spaces in the given string. It normally works.    string a = "hello  there world";    int n = a.size();    for(int i =0 ;i<n;++i){        if(a[i] == ' '){            a.erase(a.begin()+i);        }    }    cout<<a;  But for the given input above ( note that there are two spaces between "hello" and "there" ), my output is:  hello thereworld  "hello" and "world" still have a single space between them. Is this behaviour normal? Is it something to do with erase ?


How to legally declare vector variables in C++?

I'm new to C++ and trying to understand how declaring vectors work. Below are some examples: std::vector j; std::vector<char[256]> k; std::vector<double> v; std::vector<std::vector<int>> s;  My thoughts are only the std::vector<double> v is legal and I tested it myself such that only this line of code compiles without error. But apparently all of these are allowed. Can someone please explain how the others work and why the others when I run it are giving me errors? So if I run this code: #include <iostream> #include <vector>  int main() {  //std::vector j; std::vector<char[256]> k; std::vector<double> v; std::vector<std::vector<int>> s; }  I'm getting a bunch of errors when I compile (I'm using Atom g++ compiler package with Xcode): C++ - test.cpp:12 In file included from <built-in>:2: In file included from /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/iostream:37: In file included from /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/ios:215: In file included from /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/__locale:14: In file included from /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/string:504: In file included from /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/string_view:175: In file included from /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/__string:56: In file included from /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/algorithm:643: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/memory:1880:61: error: object expression of non-scalar type 'char [256]' cannot be used in a pseudo-destructor expression     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY void destroy(pointer __p) {__p->~_Tp();}                                                          ~~~^ /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/memory:1742:18: note: in instantiation of member function 'std::__1::allocator<char [256]>::destroy' requested here             {__a.destroy(__p);}                  ^ /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/memory:1595:14: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'std::__1::allocator_traits<std::__1::allocator<char [256]> >::__destroy<char [256]>' requested here             {__destroy(__has_destroy<allocator_type, _Tp*>(), __a, __p);}              ^ /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/vector:426:25: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'std::__1::allocator_traits<std::__1::allocator<char [256]> >::destroy<char [256]>' requested here         __alloc_traits::destroy(__alloc(), _VSTD::__to_raw_pointer(--__soon_to_be_end));                         ^ /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/vector:369:29: note: in instantiation of member function 'std::__1::__vector_base<char [256], std::__1::allocator<char [256]> >::__destruct_at_end' requested here     void clear() _NOEXCEPT {__destruct_at_end(__begin_);}                             ^ /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/vector:463:9: note: in instantiation of member function 'std::__1::__vector_base<char [256], std::__1::allocator<char [256]> >::clear' requested here         clear();         ^ /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../include/c++/v1/vector:495:5: note: in instantiation of member function 'std::__1::__vector_base<char [256], std::__1::allocator<char [256]> >::~__vector_base' requested here     vector() _NOEXCEPT_(is_nothrow_default_constructible<allocator_type>::value)     ^ /Users/moeheinag/Desktop/C++/UIUC/Course1/test.cpp:7:24: note: in instantiation of member function 'std::__1::vector<char [256], std::__1::allocator<char [256]> >::vector' requested here std::vector<char[256]> k;                        ^ 1 error generated. [Finished in 0.375s]


Where am I making a mistake in showing that countability isn't a thing?

I am not a mathematician so I might not be entirely accurate in my mathematical depictions, but I will correct them if I can.  My problem is like that: I have $f_n:\mathbb R ^+\to\mathbb R ^+$ with $f_{n}(x)=x_{m_{n}}$ For the moment I will explain the function using a $n=10$ as $n$ is the basis in which the number is written and "processed" by my function.  So given the normal decimal basis I can write the function as: $f(\sum c_i*10^i)=\sum c_i*10^{-1-i}$. I think the sum goes from $-\infty$ to $\infty$ for any given number as the digits that are not written are zeros.  So what my function does (or at least if think it does) is basically a mirroring of digits over the decimal point (ex.: $f(23.45)=54.32$).  I should be easy to prove that the function is bijective as $f\circ f=1_{\mathbb R ^+}$.  Now given the established function my problem comes when I restrict the function to the interval $(0;1)$ as i believe that $ Im_f(0;1)=\mathbb N ^* $ which seems to indicate that ${\mathbb R}$ could be countable.  EDIT: Since this was a commonly raised problem about my question I will add as many forms as I have encountered it in with what I hope are satisfying answers:   $\mathbb N$ has "finitely many digits": Note the "finite number of digits" with $k$. Take $10^{k+1}$.  $\mathbb R^+$ can not have numbers with infinite digits (to the left of the decimal point) then $lim_{x\to\infty}\int log_{10}x\ dx=?$ any other proof of something is finite using induction is also flawed from a simple perspective: $\mathbb N$ is not finite to begin with the argument about the lack of a successor and a predecessor holds no ground. If i can't add or subtract 1 from a decimal number knowing all the digits involved (at least in theory) I would have to go and start school again from the first grade.


How to run Ubuntu, within Windows, from a USB drive?

Is is possible to run Ubuntu from a USB pen drive, while simultaneously working and running the main OS (Windows) on the computer? I assume this is like a virtual desktop held on the USB, and displaying in a window on the computer.  I would like to be able to explore/ navigate to it, or minimize and maximize in and out of the Ubuntu [session], while the Windows [session] is still in operation.  Edit/ update: I attempted to install Virtual Box and a portable V-box onto my 16gb USB without luck. It wanted to only install/ run and operate from my computer not the USB.  Is there a way to keep all programs on the USB, launch from the USB and never install anything to the host computer? (Virtual-box or the like) In conjunction with running Ubuntu from that USB like a hard drive and be capable of saving settings, programs and documents? (Not a live or boot-able USB)


Issues with executable: file not found after using chmod to fix permissions

I have downloaded and extracted the Linux binary for the , and I'm trying to get the blackbox file to execute. I changed to the directory with the file and tried ./blackbox, which gave me a permissions error. No big deal, just run chmod 755 blackbox to give it executable permissions. But then, when I try ./blackbox again, I get the following error:  bash: ./blackbox: No such file or directory   It does the same when I give the command arguments. When I run ls -l though, I see the blackbox file and it has -rwxr-xr-x permissions, so I'm not sure why it's "losing" the file.  I'm running Ubuntu 14.04 as a dual boot with Windows 7, if that matters.  EDIT: I found a  over on Superuser, which has gotten me partially there. I ran readelf -l ./blackbox | grep ld-linux to find what I needed, then did a package content search to find out I needed the libc6-i386 package. Now I can do the following:  user@ubuntu:~/path$ ./blackbox  ./blackbox: error while loading shared libraries: libstdc++.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory user@ubuntu:~/path$ ldd blackbox      linux-gate.so.1 =>  (0xf77af000)     libstdc++.so.6 => not found     libm.so.6 => /lib32/libm.so.6 (0xf774f000)     libgcc_s.so.1 => not found     libc.so.6 => /lib32/libc.so.6 (0xf75a4000)     /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xf77b0000)


MacOS is showing a badge notification on System Preferences. How can I make it disappear?

The badge notification is because it wants me to upgrade to Catalina. I never want to upgrade to Catalina because my hardware is too old to be run under any newer version of MacOS than I already have.  How can I dismiss this particular notification or otherwise make the notification badge go away?  I tried System Preferences --> Notifications, to see if I could disable all badge notifications from the System Preferences app, but that doesn't appear to be an option. And really, I don't want to disable all notifications from System Preferences, I just want to tell it to to stop nagging me about the Catalina upgrade.


Evaluate $\int_0^5 e^{-2t}\sin(t)\, \mathrm{d}t$.

$$\int_0^5 e^{-2t}\sin(t) \,\mathrm{d}t$$   I know I should be able to integrate this by parts but I can't seem to get the parts I choose to make the result any easier to integrate.


why only one tooth of the gear is selected when control R is pressed

when I am selecting gear teeth for loop cut only one gear tooth is getting selected


How to separate real and imaginary parts of $\arccos(x+iy)$?

I know how to separate the real and imaginary parts of $\ln z$ and $\arctan z$: $$\begin{align}\ln(x+iy)&=\frac{1}{2}\ln(x^2+y^2)+i\arctan\frac{y}{x}\\ \arctan(x+iy)&=\frac{1}{2}\arctan\frac{2x}{1-x^2-y^2}+\frac{i}{2}\operatorname{artanh}\frac{2y}{1+x^2+y^2}\end{align}$$ and I know how to prove both of these; in particular for the second one we can make use of the fact that $\arctan z=-i\operatorname{artanh}(iz)$. I would now like to know how to separate the real and imaginary parts of $\arccos(x+iy)$; I've thought of using the identity $\arccos(z)=\operatorname{arcosh}(iz)$, but I don't know how to use this, as the argument of the $\ln$ becomes very complicated. Thank you very much for your help.


Factor rotation methods (varimax, oblimin, etc.) - what do the names mean and what do the methods do?

Factor analysis has several rotation methods, such as varimax, quartimax, equamax, promax, oblimin, etc. I am unable to find any information that relates their names to their actual mathematical or statistical doings. Why is it called "equa-max" or "quarti-max"? In what way are the axes or matrices rotated so they have such name?  Unfortunately, most of them were invented in 1950s-1970s, so I cannot contact their authors.


vertically align buttons in the middle of the screen

Although my buttons are in the center horizontally, they are not in the middle of the screen. I tried adding verticalAlign: 'middle' but it doesn't make a difference. I also wanted to increase the width of the buttons but if I add width: '200px' etc, the buttons come on the left side from the middle. What else can I try: const useStyles = makeStyles((theme) => ({   content: {     paddingLeft: "280px",     paddingTop: "100px",     backgroundColor: "white"     //height: '100%',   },   buttons: {     textAlign: "center"     //width: '200px',   } }));  function Page() {   const classes = useStyles();   return (
       <PermanentDrawerLeft></PermanentDrawerLeft>
           <Button variant="contained" color="secondary">             First           </Button>

           <Button variant="contained" color="secondary">             Second           </Button>

   ); }  Codesandbox:


Are subcaption, cleveref and hyperref compatible?

I tried with this MWE:  \documentclass{article}  \usepackage{caption,subcaption} \usepackage{cleveref} \usepackage{hyperref}  \begin{document}  See \cref{subfig1}, \ref{subfig1}  \begin{figure}  \subcaptionbox{Subfigure\label{subfig1}}   {A FIGURE} \caption{Figure} \label{fig1} \end{figure}  \end{document}   Without hyperref, all is nice, with hyperref I get ?? for the \cref instance. I tried installing the latest versions of all three packages, nothing changed apparently.


How are principles created i.e. how is it decided that something qualifies as principle?  What is the difference between a principle, a law and a theory?  Were there any principles that were proved to be wrong or are principles always right? For example, the reason why Einstein proposed that the speed of light is constant is because the Principle of Relativity would be violated otherwise.  Are physical principles comparable to mathematical axioms?  Is there a list of physical principles? I couldn't find any on google.


I am getting an exception for the following code.  class A {     void foo() {         System.out.println("Running foo()");     } }  class B extends A {     void foo() {         System.out.println("Overidden foo()");     } }  public class Casting {     public static void main(String[] args) {         A obj = new B();         obj.foo();          // B ref = (B) obj;         // ref.foo();          B ref = (B) new A();         ref.foo();     } }   But if I run  B ref = (B) obj; ref.foo();   instead of  B ref = (B) new A(); ref.foo();   it works properly.  Can anyone explain what is happening here.?


How can one ensure bandwidth is not hijacked?

If someone sets up a script that constantly runs something such as  wget http://domain.tld/image.png   from their cloud server or whatever that came with tons of bandwidth and so on for free, could they exhaust your own bandwidth on your server? If so, what would be the solution to stop something like this?  I suppose there does not exist solution given that in this era most web sites use things such as CAPTCHA in order to verify if someone is an actual human being or a robot..  So perhaps this in itself is evidence that there can not be a solution to bandwidth exhausting thieves and etc.


I'd love some advice in repairing a water-damaged laptop.  My girlfriend spilled a glass of water on her Sony Vaio and now it doesn't turn on...at all...dead! What steps should I go through to work out where the problem is and which part(s) I'll need to replace?  I can't seem to find out what has happened by just looking at the circuit boards. I'm new to electronics but could buy relevant volt-meters etc. I'm just looking for a decent trouble-shooting guide.


Number of ways pairs can sit so that no husband and wife sit together

There are $n$ husband-wife pairs that are going to sit around a circular table. In how many ways they can sit so that no husband and wife sit together (neighbors).  I have seen this  about probability and this  and learnt that the number of total arrangements is $2(n!)^2$ because, we can seat the women in $2n!$ ways, and for each such choice there are $n!$ ways to seat the men. But how can I extract the cases that is asked. I got stuck here.


Proving that every countable metric space is disconnected?

Any hints on how I should go about this? Thanks.


Why would someone use WHERE 1=1 AND  in a SQL clause?

Why would someone use WHERE 1=1 AND <conditions> in a SQL clause (Either SQL obtained through concatenated strings, either view definition)  I've seen somewhere that this would be used to protect against SQL Injection, but it seems very weird.  If there is injection WHERE 1 = 1 AND injected OR 1=1 would have the same result as injected OR 1=1.  Later edit: What about the usage in a view definition?    Thank you for your answers.  Still, I don't understand why would someone use this construction for defining a view, or use it inside a stored procedure.  Take this for example:  CREATE VIEW vTest AS SELECT FROM Table WHERE 1=1 AND table.Field=Value


Role derivative of sigmoid function in neural networks

I try to understand role of derivative of sigmoid function in neural networks.    First I plot sigmoid function, and derivative of all points from definition using python. What is the role of this derivative exactly?    import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  def sigmoid(x):     return 1 / (1 + np.exp(-x))  def derivative(x, step):     return (sigmoid(x+step) - sigmoid(x)) / step  x = np.linspace(-10, 10, 1000)  y1 = sigmoid(x) y2 = derivative(x, 0.0000000000001)  plt.plot(x, y1, label='sigmoid') plt.plot(x, y2, label='derivative') plt.legend(loc='upper left') plt.show()


How come in gated communities like Alexandria where there's electricity and normal appliances there is no computer with a wifi connection? Telecomm companies might have been zombie infested but that doesn't explain how or why no one has an internet connection. Furthermore, airports might have stopped operating but it's not like the landing strips aren't there. It's as if they are suggesting all pilots and private jet owners have died or zombified. All those semi-peaceful days in Alexandria  you'd think they'd try to get in contact with similar communities around the world and bring civilization and peace back.


What is a generic method and how is  bound in this case?

Preface: I understand generics and how they're declared at the class level (e.g. class MyClass<T>) but I've never seen it declared at the level of a static method, and without any explicit bindings (e.g. class MySubclass<String> extends MyClass).  I found this code snippet in an app I'm working on (I didn't write this part). I've never seen a method declared this way. <T> is not defined anywhere else in the class. Intent.getExtras().get() returns an Object which may actually be a String, Boolean ...etc.  private static <T> T getItemExtra(final Intent intent, final String extraName) {     T item = null;      if(intent != null && intent.getExtras() != null) {         item = (T) intent.getExtras().get(extraName);     }      return item; }   Sample usage:  String s1 = getItemExtra(someIntent, "some_string_extra"); Uri u1 = getItemExtra(someIntent, "some_uri_extra");   How does the JVM know what type to use for <T>? (Yes this method compiles and executes successfully).


Can an inanimate thing can lift Mjolnir without the help of a living being (unworthy)  Scenario 1  Mjolnir in a very light car with a sail attached to it, then a very strong wind blew and moved the car uphill.  It is possible or not?  Scenario 2  Can upward wind alone lift the Mjolnir?


How do you challenge the closing of one of your questions?

As a newcomer to StackOverflow, I recently asked my first . I wanted to start with a fairly safe general question, to get the feel for how the site worked. My question was intended to be programming-related, but my original wording was not clear enough, so another user decided to close it.  I've re-phrased my question, and had received one useful answer before the question was closed, but I'm not sure what the procedure is after your question is closed to allow people to post answers again...  I've checked the FAQ and About pages, searched the SO questions, but have had no luck. Could someone point me in the right direction as to how I get my question re-opened, or if it is possible to do at all?


I am trying to use in DD-WRT iptables to block an ip range Ex: I want to block  iptables -I FORWARD -s 192.168.2.105-192.168.2.110 -j DROP   but it does not work.


How to capture multiple (action) exposures of someone in a single image?

Can anyone clarify how to capture a photo as shown below?    Is there any specific settings in camera, or is it done via post-processing using Photoshop or any other photo editing software?  I own Nikon D5100, 18-55mm lens kit. Is it possible to capture a photo as shown above? If so, please share me the settings I need to use. Thanks.


Unmet dependencies for php7.1 on Ubuntu 14.04

When I'm running the following command I got a error:  $ sudo apt-get update php7.1 The following packages have unmet dependencies:  php7.1 : Depends: libapache2-mod-php7.1 but it is not going to be installed or                    php7.1-fpm but it is not going to be installed or                    php7.1-cgi but it is not going to be installed           Depends: php7.1-common but it is not going to be installed


Where can I buy the Ubuntu phone to start developing apps?

Is the Ubuntu Phone available anywhere yet? I want start developing apps.  I am very impatient to start to develop on real ubuntu phone.


If I have managed to locate and verify the existence of a file using Server.MapPath and I now want to send the user directly to that file, what is the fastest way to convert that absolute path back into a relative web path?


Prove that $M(t)=\sup_ {a \leq x \leq t} f(x)$ given $f(x)$ is continuous on $[a,b]$

$f(x)$ is continuous on $[a,b]$. Now we define a new function $M(t)$, for every $t\in[a,b]$   $$M(t) = \sup_{a \leq x \leq t} f(x).$$  Prove formally that $M(t)$ is continuous on $[a,b]$. (sup = supremum)   $M(t)$ is monotonically increasing function, but I don't see how to continue from here.   Also I would like to know what are the standard strategy for proving a function is continuous on a given interval (not a point) except showing its a sum/product/composition of another continuous functions.


Attribute Table ArcMap / get specific values

I have an Attribute table with 151823 rows. I want to cut off the upper and lower 5% of the data so I sorted the Value field ascendingly but now I am not able to select the first and the last 7591 entries which would be the 5%, as the FID is not in the right order anymore. I tried it with a new field (NewID) with the intention to just have a new sequential numbering but this did not work. I used the script presented here     Does anyone know a simple solution?


Numbering pages with numbers of different bases (binary, octal, hex, tonal, …)?

How would one change TeX's pagination numbering system from decimal to one that would number pages in binary, hexadecimal, octal, or any other number system (e.g., the , with specialized characters for the numerals)?


How to Include Oxford Comma when Using \citet*

I am using the aer bibliography style with BibTeX. I am wanting to write out citations in the text with three or more coauthors. An easy way to do this is to use \citet*, \citep*, etc. as opposed to \citet, \citep, etc. However, there is no Oxford comma. How can I get it to include a comma before the and?  Note that this has been asked, but not answered, in a comment by @user67403 (the last comment on the question) here:


Allow 'improve' for Tag Wiki Edit Suggestions

I've been approving or rejecting Tag Wiki Excerpt Edit Suggestions, but some of them are close and I'd like to just tweak them.  We can improve regular edit suggestions, how about giving us an Improve button for Tag Wiki Edit Suggestions.  Note: If I click on the tag wiki excerpt link, then it takes me to a Tag Wiki page with an edit pending link, but clicking on that just takes me back to the first page, where I can only approve/reject.


Is it ok to transform a logarithm variable to z score

I have a variable that has 57 kurtosis, so I decided to transform it to log. However, I have multicolleanirity problem due to interacting this variable and others with another variable so I am using z scores to reduce VIF value. So ...           Is it ok to transform the log variable to z score       thank you so much


Suppose that $F(x,y,z)=0$ is an equation so that any variable can be solved in terms of the other two. Show that   $\displaystyle \frac{\partial x}{\partial y}\cdot\frac{\partial y}{\partial z}\cdot \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}= -1.$  I understand what the question means and I am able to see how it works for a linear equation but assuming I can't set up a general linear equation (I don't think it would be sufficient enough) how would I do this proof.


Prevent files from opening with the solution

When you close VS with project files open, the next time you open that solution, it opens the same files.  Is there a way to prevent this?  Currently I try to remember to close all the open tabs before I exit.


Book-style page filling in article documentclass?

Simple question. I feel like it should have a simple answer but I can't find anything.   The documentclass book (and default multicols) stretches content so that it fills the page. Now, I want to use this content in a document of mine that is typeset with the article documentclass.   If I use book and redefine the margins I get what I want, except that it changes \sections and \subsections, which doesn't look right for a formal lab report.


I have a singleton that uses the "static readonly T Instance = new T();" pattern. However, I ran into a case where T is disposable, and actually needs to be disposed for unit tests. How can I modify this pattern to support a disposable singleton?  The interface I would like is something like:  var x = Foo.Instance; var y = Foo.Instance; // x == y ... x.Release(); // this causes the next Foo.Instance to return a fresh object              // also, it assumes no further operations on x/y will be performed.   Note - the pattern has to be thread-safe, of course.  Edit - for the purpose of production code, this is a true singleton. The thing is that it locks some files, and so for cleanup in unit tests we have to dispose it.  I would also prefer a pattern that can be reused, if possible.


Calculating Lagrangian of electromagnetism

I know that the interaction terms of the Lagrangian of electromagnetism are given by  $$L_{int}=-q\phi (\mathbf{x},t)+q\mathbf{v}(t)\cdot \mathbf{A}(\mathbf{x},t).$$  The above equation is replaced by terms involving a continuous charge density $\rho$ and current density $\mathbf{j}$. The resulting Lagrangian density for the electromagnetic field is: $$\mathcal{L}=-\rho \phi +\mathbf{j}\cdot \mathbf{A}＋\frac{\epsilon _{0}}{2}E^{2}-\frac{1}{2\mu _{0}}B^{2} .$$  The first problem is that I know where the first two terms $-\rho \phi +\mathbf{j}\cdot \mathbf{A}$ come from but I don't know where the last two terms $\frac{\epsilon _{0}}{2}E^{2}-\frac{1}{2\mu _{0}}B^{2}$ come from.  Next varying the Lagrangian density with respect to $\phi$ and $\mathbf{A}$, we get Gauss' law $$0=-\rho +\epsilon _{0}\triangledown \cdot \mathbf{E}$$ and Ampère's law $$0=\mathbf{j}+\epsilon _{0}\frac{\partial \mathbf{E}}{\partial t}-\frac{1}{\mu _{0}}\triangledown \times \mathbf{B},$$ respectively. The second problem is that I don't know how to calculate these variations clearly.


Finding the most common name in passwd file

I have a question on getting the most common names in the /etc/passwd file on Unix.  Is this the correct command?:  cut -d: -f5 /etc/passwd | uniq -c | sort -i | sort -n


Move established website from .CA to .COM?

We have a well-established website which lives for 3 years and we got 10K organic traffic plus ads traffic each month, a lot of blog post is well ranked. My question is what the best SEO practice to move the site from .CA to .COM? my boss thing if we move from .CA to .COM will get more traffic from US. What is the best way to handle that without hurting any SEO? Thanks,


How is everyone going with their/his/her assignment?

I wanted to email a group of students to check how they are going with their assignment and it occurred to me that "how is everyone going with their assignment" does not seem grammatically correct. Matching a singular subject "everyone" with a plural word "their" seems a bit odd. However, "how is everyone going with his/her assignment" sounds more off.  Thanks heaps! Any comment would be highly appreciated.   Wen


is looking bad right now. No errors in the console, but the following files have no content:         The CSS on another subdomain works fine though:


I'm getting 'cars' array using xmlhttprequest and dynamically creating the anchor tags for each value in the array.   Now im not able to access the innerhtml of newly created anchor tags.  //script for getting array and creating anchor tags dynamically  var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {       var cars = JSON.parse(xmlhttp.responseText); for (i = 0; i < cars.length; i++) { var mydiv = document.getElementById("myDiv"); var aTag = document.createElement('a'); aTag.setAttribute('href','#'); aTag.setAttribute('class','cl'); aTag.innerHTML = cars[i] + "<br>"; mydiv.appendChild(aTag); }  } };  xmlhttp.open("POST", "http://localhost:3000/welcomepage", true); xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/json"); xmlhttp.send();   //script for accessing innerhtml of the above created anchor tags.  $('.cl').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var t = $(this).text(); alert(t); }


I want to show others what keys I currently press onscreen. Unfortunately, neither xvkbd nor florence nor onboard visualize the keys I press. What else can I use?


Let $X,Y,Z$ be i.i.d. $\mathbb{R}$-valued random variables each with the uniform distribution on [0,1]. ie. $X,Y,Z\sim \mathcal{U}[0,1]$. Determine the probability density function of X+Y+Z. For this question, Can I consider this equals $\int\limits_{x=0}^1\int\limits_{y=0}^1 \int\limits_{z=0}^1 [yz,1]1 dx dy dz$?


An American passport's RFID chip is broken (it never did work).  I was forced from the machine automated customs lane to your friendly neighorhood customs agent.  Other than this inconvenience, is there any reason to seek a replacement RFID chip (passport)?


$("element").remove(); in iframe using jquery

Here's an example  i m trying to run to delete a div element with class "location_description" in iframe but it doesnt work. Any solution?  HTML

     jQuery (end of )  $('#weatherFrame').load(function(){     alert("in");     $("location_description").remove(); });


Does a letter of recommendation from a postdoc who's been my instructor carry much weight?

In large universities, undergraduate students tend to receive instruction mostly from recent PhD graduates or post-doctoral fellows. This is especially true during the first two years, when students may also have PhD students as instructors for their classes.   During the application review process, how much weight would you put for letters written from post-doctoral fellows? Is the job title something that people care a lot about?


Spring returning NullPointerException when parsing data from Database

I have a code snippet  String sql = "SELECT * FROM merchantlist ORDER BY TransactionCount DESC LIMIT 10";     Connection conn = null;      try {         List<String> merchantList = null;         conn = dataSource.getConnection();         PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);         ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();         if (rs.next()) {             merchantList.add(new String(rs.getString("MerchantName")));         }         rs.close();         ps.close();         return new TopMerchants(merchantList);     } catch (SQLException e) {         throw new RuntimeException(e);     } finally {         if (conn != null) {             try {             conn.close();             } catch (SQLException e) {}         }     } }   I get an exception while running this on Tomcat -   java.lang.NullPointerException com.cybs.impactanalysis.dao.impl.TopMerchantsDAOImpl.retrieveMerchantList(TopMerchantsDAOImpl.java:35) com.cybs.impactanalysis.controller.MerchantMonitoring.MerchantMonitoring(MerchantMonitoring.java:22) sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:205) org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:133) org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:116) org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:827) org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:738) org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:85) org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:963) org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:897) org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:970) org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:861) javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:620) org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846) javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727) org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)   When I run the stored proc , I get 2 rows as output. The datatypes are configured properly (MerchantName column is VARCHAR(20))  How do I fix this issue? I tried to put it in debug mode but I cannot see the values in ResultSet


I want to limit the IP traffic of an application (AceStream Player). The problem is that I get disconnected, if too many IP connections are established.  Does anyone know, how to use iptables to limit the connections to e.g. 10/second?  Inspirated by the answer below, I tried:  $iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 8621 -m limit --limit 10/s -j ACCEPT $iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 8621 -j DROP   This seems to limit the connections, but somehow to a lower limit like 2-3/sec. Do the upper rules limit the connections or packets to 10/sec?  Is it also possible to delay the connections by using QUEUE instead of DROP?


Lycanthrope's natural weapons and two-weapon fighting?

I plan on making a druid character who later accepts the curse of lycanthropy  into his body in order to control it, something like a shapeshifter from Baldur's Gate. Am I able to use the multi-attack action and the bonus action I have to make a third attack (claw attack) as defined under the two weapon fighting style rules? I have yet to find anything saying whether or not natural weapons are light, as it seems common sense that a hand (claw) is considered light, as it is your hand.


Improve GPS accuracy by disabling cellular data

I need my iPhone 7 Plus GPS accuracy to be very precise (without continously changing the blue dot position). My cellular data connection is often sloppy. Does disabling cellular data improve GPS accuracy? Does the GPS depend on cellular data at all? I thought the GPS partially relied on cellular data to improve its accuracy.


Cardinality of Orderings of $\mathbb{R}$

For a finite set $S$ there are $\vert S\vert!$ orderings of its elements.  What is the cardinality of all orderings of $\mathbb{N}$?  What would $$\vert \mathbb{N}\vert!$$ mean?  Is it $\prod_{n\in\mathbb{N}} \aleph_0=\aleph_0^{\aleph_0}=\aleph_1$?   says the "equivalence classes of well-orderings of the natural numbers" has cardinality $\aleph_1$.  But I can't put together in my mind the connection between well-orderings of $\mathbb{N}$ and all orderings of $\mathbb{N}$.  (Are there non well-ordered orderings of $\mathbb{N}$?)  This leads to wondering what the cardinality of all orderings of $\mathbb{R}$ is.  (Actually my thought process went in the other direction, from $\mathbb{R}$ to $\mathbb{N}$.)  I think knowing the answer to the above question will teach how to determine what $$\vert \mathbb{R}\vert !$$ means, if anything.  I will be happy if you assume the continuum hypothesis to be true for the purposes of this question, but any level of completeness is welcome.


Is there possibly a largest prime number?

Prime numbers are numbers with no factors other than one and itself.  Factors of a number are always lower or equal to than a given number; so, the larger the number is, the larger the pool of "possible factors" that number might have.  So the larger the number, it seems like the less likely the number is to be a prime.  Surely there must be a number where, simply, every number above it has some other factors.  A "critical point" where every number larger than it simply will always have some factors other than one and itself.  Has there been any research as to finding this critical point, or has it been proven not to exist?  That for any $n$ there is always guaranteed to be a number higher than $n$ that has no factors other than one and itself?


How can a young player get into a gaming group?

I live in the quintessential "middle of nowhere", and as such it is nearly impossible for me to get a weekly, monthly, or even yearly group together.  I have tried to get a semi-regular group of friends to play once a month, and it ended up not working out because we could get about half an hour of serious play due to time constraints caused by school.    I've also tried a virtual tabletop session composed of the same friends, but it ended up being bogged down due to everyone's lacking internet speeds and/or tremendous ping times.    I have come to realize that a group of friends just won't work, so I am now looking to get into a D&D Encounters type of group. There is a town within about half an hour from me, but due to my age (14 years), I don't think I would be accepted by any FLGS groups.  Is there a way I could get into a schedule that fits mine (meaning maximum 1 session a week) with people around my age, or at least a group that is comfortable with each other's ages?  I would prefer a newer edition, ideally 4e or 5e, and either of these would work because not all content is released for 5e yet. It's not even close to a deal breaker though, because all editions have the same core goal, which is, of course, entertainment.  Note that I am aware of similar questions (e.g. ) that address the general issue of find gaming groups to play in. However, I feel that the answers to these do not sufficiently address the issue of my age and the problems that would cause in gaining access to groups.


Why can we treat quantum scattering problems as time-independent?

From what I remember in my undergraduate quantum mechanics class, we treated scattering of non-relativistic particles from a static potential like this:   Solve the time-independent Schrodinger equation to find the energy eigenstates.  There will be a continuous spectrum of energy eigenvalues. In the region to the left of the potential, identify a piece of  the wavefunction that looks like $Ae^{i(kx - \omega t)}$ as the incoming wave. Ensure that to the right of the potential, there is not piece of the wavefunction that looks like $Be^{-i(kx + \omega t)}$, because we only want to have a wave coming in from the left. Identify a piece of the wavefunction to the left of the potential that looks like $R e^{-i(kx + \omega t)}$ as a reflected wave. Identify a piece of the wavefunction to the right of the potential that looks like $T e^{i(kx - \omega t)}$ as a transmitted wave. Show that $|R|^2 + |T|^2 = |A|^2$.  Interpret $\frac{|R|^2}{|A|^2}$ as the probability for reflection and $\frac{|T|^2}{|A|^2}$ as the probability for transmission.   This entire process doesn't seem to have anything to do with a real scattering event - where a real particle is scattered by a scattering potential - we do all our analysis on a stationary waves.  Why should such a naive procedure produce reasonable results for something like Rutherford's foil experiment, in which alpha particles are in motion as they collide with nuclei, and in which the wavefunction of the alpha particle is typically localized in a (moving) volume much smaller than the scattering region?


Error on hover panel of people search result "We weren't able to find additional information"

In people search result while hovering over all result item, in the hover panel in the middle I can see a message "We weren't able to find additional information".  I saw a msdn post for the same question in this   but there it is said that "If the person has no authored documents, then it will display this in the hover panel: We weren't able to find additional information."  But for my case the authored document is also shown.  Please find in the screen shot below marked in red:    Also to mention this not a duplicate question of another question which i have posted earlier - one says hover panel is not shown for first result item and another says in the shown hover panel an error message is shown. Please find the link of the other question -   Did I missed something?


We are in the process of evaluating and deciding which Linux to pick for our product for sale. Currently looking at lubuntu. We would possibly ship lubuntu (in lubuntu desktop mode) installed in our embedded product along with our propriety software. Our Software will make calls to the lubuntu for services. Please advise; what would it take in terms of licenses and what we need to do to satisfy Lubuntu requirements. The quantities are in the thousands. More importantly who should I contact in Lubuntu. When I was asked Canonical I was told to talk to Canonical/Lubuntu. But any Lubuntu leads related to this brings you back to Ubuntu/Canonical.  If you have any contact information I would greatly appreciate.


Detecting newline in string and adding a character before it

Hi I have the folowing string:   * lalalalalaal * 12121212121212 * 36363636363636 * 21454545454545454   every line of the list start with - "\r\n* "    is there a way to detect the "\r\n* "  symbol at the beginning and maybe replace it with numbers 1, 2, 3, ...n. So in example something like this:  1. lalalalalaal 2. 12121212121212 3. 36363636363636 4. 21454545454545454   I imagine building an array and running the for loop would be required but i do not get my head around where I am supposed to start.


How many passes are enough with Memtest?

My computer hangs at random on multiple occasions and on different OSes today, requiring me to hit the reset button. I suspect it could be a memory problem and did a memtest with memtest86.  It went through two passes with no errors. Is that enough, or do I need to run through overnight until I see an error?  What if it is a motherboard or CPU issue? How do I know without getting a new motherboard?  System Specifications:   Memory: 2.0GiB Processor Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU E5300 @ 2.60GHz x 2 Motherboard: ASUS P5KPL-AM EPU


Reverse Triangle Inequality in vector space

I have already proved Triangle Inequality $\lVert v+w\rVert \le \lVert v \rVert+\lVert w \rVert$ in vector space $\mathbb{R}^n$. However, I'm having difficulties proving the Reverse Triangle Inequality in the vector space.  I have started with   $$\lVert v \rVert^2=v \cdot v-w\cdot w+w\cdot w \le \lVert v-w \rVert+\lVert w \rVert^2$$ $$\lVert w \rVert^2=w \cdot w-v\cdot v+v\cdot v \le \lVert w-v \rVert+\lVert v \rVert^2$$  based on the Triangle Inequality but I don't know if it is correct. If this is right, I think I can go on with proving it the same way I would the normal Reverse Triangle Inequality.


I have updated my profile on SO by changing my Display Name, and today i have tried again to change my Display Name, but it showing the following error message:    What it make sense ?? that error message is displaying after the user tried to change their name, (this is the case same as user jump into the well, after that you are saving their life and giving alert).  Instead, you should show the alert message while the user is changing their Display Name or updating profile.


Is possible to call a class method from inside of struct defined within this class in C++?

I've got a parent class, child class and inside this child class I've defined some struct. Within this struct I'd like to call parent method. Is it possible?  class Parent { public:     int foo(int x); }  class Child : public Parent { public:     struct ChildStruct {         int x;          int bar(int y) {             return GET_CLASS_CHILD->foo(this->x + y);         }     }; }   Is something like this possible in C++? Then how to achieve it?


Android:I do not understand: static { foo();}

Sometimes I see something like it, in a class in Android:  static {     foo(); }    What does this do?  Why?


What's the name of this sci-fi story with a wall that cannot be crossed?

In this story, the characters live in a world with a wall that cannot be crossed. One day someone finds a way to get to the other side and discovers that as he's getting away from the wall and further into the other side, he's just coming back to his own world.


Imagine this scenario. Crane 1 picks up a boulder and puts it into a cart, the cart moves, stops and then the boulder gets picked up by Crane 2.   Armature wise everything works. I'm having difficulty transferring the object  My issue is:  Boulder is child of a bone in crane 1 using constraints. it gets moved by the animation but I can't get the crane to "release" the boulder. Setting the influence to 0 leaves the object where it was before it was picked up.   I can get round this with 3 scenes, but I want to just use 1 in a continuous flowing animation  Whats the proper way to do this?  Thank you in advance for any help Sean


Proof that convex open sets in $\mathbb{R}^n$ are homeomorphic?

This is an exercise from Kelley's book. Could someone help to show me a proof?   It seems very natural, and it is easy to prove by utilizing the arctan function in $\mathbb{R}^1$.  Thanks a lot.


Need help in writing Test Class for Rest API Class

I have a REST API class which updates the user status in external system when the user status is changed in Salesforce. Below is the code  public class AccUpdateController {     @future(callout=true)     public static void AccupdateController(Set<Id> accountIdset) {                string resultBodyGet = '';          list<Account> accts = [SELECT Unique_ID__c, Account_Status__c, Email__c from Account where Account_Partner_Status__c = 'ACTIVE' and Id IN:accountIdset];          system.debug('>>>>>>>>>>' + accts);                 for(Account c : accts){                       MAp<String, String> tags = new Map<String, String>();             tags.put('accId', c.Unique_ID__c);             tags.put('email', c.Email__c);             tags.put('status', c.Account_Status__c);                         system.debug('#### Input JSON: ' + JSON.serialize(tags));                         try{                 string endpoint = 'https://my-endpoint.com';                 HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();                 req.setEndpoint(endpoint);                 req.setMethod('POST');                 req.setHeader('Content-type', 'application/json');                 req.setbody(JSON.serialize(tags));                 Http http = new Http();                 system.debug('Sending User to update status');                 HTTPResponse response = http.send(req);                  system.debug('Status updated');                 resultBodyGet = response.getBody();                 system.debug('Output response:' + resultBodyGet);                 accResponse myAccResponse = new accResponse();                 myAccResponse = (accResponse) JSON.deserialize(resultBodyGet, accResponse.class);                 system.debug('#### myAccResponse: ' + myAccResponse);              }             catch (exception e) {                                           }            }     }         public class accResponse {         public string message {get;set;}     } }   I have a trigger which triggers the callout when a status is changed in Salesforce. It is as below  trigger AccUpdateTrigger on Account (after update) {     Set<Id> accountIdSet = new Set<Id>();     for(Account accObj: trigger.new){         if(accObj.Unique_ID__c  != trigger.oldmap.get(accObj.id).Unique_ID__c){             accountIdSet.add(accObj.id);         }     }     if(!accountIdSet.isEmpty()){         AccUpdateController.AccupdateController(accountIdSet);     } }   I have written a test class to cover the above code but I'm getting the coverage as 0%. Below is the code  @istest public class AccClassHTTPPost{      static testMethod void  updateMethodTest(){          Account TestAcc = new Account();         TestAcc.Unique_ID__c = '0000000';         TestAcc.Name = 'Test Account';         TestAcc.Account_Status__c = 'Active';         TestAcc.Email__c = 'Test@gmail.com';         TestAcc.Account_Partner_Status__c = 'Active';         insert TestAcc;         AccUpdateController reqst = new AccUpdateController();         //String JsonMsg=JSON.serialize(reqst);         Test.startTest();           String endpoint = 'https://my-endpoint.com';         HttpRequest req = new HttpRequest();         req.setEndpoint(endpoint);         req.setMethod('POST');         req.setHeader('Content-type', 'application/json');         req.setbody(JSON.serialize(reqst));         update TestAcc;         Test.stopTest();      } }   Can anyone please suggest where did it went wrong in my test class.


How to install Win8.1 after installing ubuntu14.04?

I am a new to Linux and installing dual boot. Could anyone tell me in steps what I need to do to install win8.1 after I have installed the Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. Please note that the hdd is not partitioned.  I will be needing both the OS for my research.  I have win8.1 on a CD


With relativity, what does the age of the universe *mean*?

A friend, after attending a talk recently discussing relativistic and other time-like notions, pondered on this question:  "Given the fact that much of the talks I attended discussed at length how there is no "universal now" and that, potentially, describing time as a line is functionally inaccurate - what does the quoted figure of 13.8 billion years (for the age of the universe) represent?"  This seems to me to be an extremely interesting question - he hypothesised that their figure was, in a sense, an upper-bound for all objects' world-lines, i.e. that there exists no object that has percieved the passing of more than 13.8 billion years.   How do we resolve the question? Is his hypothesis correct?  Remark: While there may have been similar questions before, I do not consider them duplicates as these issues - i.e. explicitly giving explanations as to the meaning behind the "13.8 billion" figure - were not discussed thoroughly or in any meaningful way, such as , where almost nothing is discussed beyond the statement of an unexplained equation which almost certainly resolved nothing for the OP.


Do there exist general conditions under which we can conclude that continuity on a topological space is detected by $\mathbb{R}$?

Whenever $X$ is a topological space, let us say that continuity on $X$ is detected by $\mathbb{R}$ iff for all functions $f : X \rightarrow Y$ where $Y$ is another topological space, we have that if every continuous function $c : \mathbb{R} \rightarrow X$ satisfies "$f \circ c$ is continuous", then $f$ is itself continuous.   Clearly, continuity on $\mathbb{R}$ is detected by $\mathbb{R}$ It is shown  that continuity on $\mathbb{R}^2$ is detected by $\mathbb{R}$. Clearly, it is not the case that continuity on $\mathbb{Q}$ is detected by $\mathbb{R}$, since every continuous mapping $\mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{Q}$ is constant.      Question. Do there exist general conditions underwhich we can conclude that continuity on a topological space is detected by $\mathbb{R}$?


Regex to match all character groups in a string

I need a regex to match the groups of characters in a string. For example this is-a@beautiful^day. Should result in the following list: this, is, a, beautiful, day. As a mention I don't know how long the string is or by what characters the words are separated.  Any ideas? I have no clue how to build a regex for this.


How to switch from Resident visa to Tourist visa status in the Schengen area?

I have a 1-year residence permit from one Schengen country that is now expiring. Upon its expiration, I would like to get my 90/180 days validity as a tourist to stay, or return here as soon as possible.  I understand that the tourist short-stay scheme is based on the 90/180 days "counter". But what happens if my previous stay was not tourism but residence (as searching year). Wouldn't that mean that I can quickly exit and re-enter the Schengen area to activate my tourist stay?   Also, is there a way to change this purpose of stay without exiting the Schengen area?


UK Standard Visitor visa application to sit for PLAB 1 without savings or job

I am a medical doctor in Pakistan. I have been on a career break to allow myself to study full time for the IELTS exam (from which I recently got the required band score) and PLAB 1. I have now registered and paid for the PLAB 1 exam in UK for June 2016, as the next sitting in Pakistan is in November 2016 and I feel like I am ready to do the exam sooner.  Due to having no current employment, my savings are limited (around 25,000 Pakistani Rupees) but I live with my parents and do not have any financial commitments at home.  My savings have depleted in the past ten months whilst I have taken a career break and the money has been used for my own personal expenses. My trip to the UK is being funded by my grandfather who is a British citizen. He is a retired doctor with a good NHS pension. He has provided me with:   6 months bank statements which clearly show his pension deposits   Letter from NHS Pensions stating his pension   Sponsorship letter stating that he will pay for my PLAB exam fee, travel, accommodation and subsistinence costs whilst in the UK   Copy of British passport  Document confirming that he owns the house he lives in mortgage-free Confirmation email from GMC stating he has paid the PLAB exam fee.   Without large personal savings and no current job (but I have job offers now) would my application be rejected or is the strong sponsorship going to be good enough?  Are there any other documents I should consider submitting that may help me get a visa?


If $v$ is a valuation and $v(x)<v(y)$ then $v(x+y)=v(y)$.

I was studying from some book and I came across something I haven't been able to justify. Let's suppose se have a field $K$ and an ordered group $G$ (with multiplicative notation) with an extra element called $0$ satisfying $$0x=0$$ and $$0<x$$ for all $x\in G$.  We then define a valuation as a function $$v:K\to G$$ satisfying $$v(x)=0\Leftrightarrow x=0$$ $$(\forall x,y),v(xy)=v(x)v(y)$$ $$v(x+y)\leq \max(v(x),v(y))$$  We can prove that $v(1)=1,v(- x)=v(x)$ for all $x$. Then in the book the proposition     If $v(x)<v(y)$ then $v(x+y)=v(y)$   is proved like this: $$v(y)=v(y+x-x)\leq \max(v(y+x),v(x))=v(y+x)\leq \max(v(y),v(x))=v(y)$$  Then step I've trouble with is:  $$\max(v(y+x),v(x))=v(y+x)$$  Why can we say that? I mean, why can we say that $v(y+x)>v(x)$ if $v(x)<v(y)$?


Unable to run apt --fix-broken install to install required dependencies due to broken pipe error

I am told I am missing the dependency: libcublas-dev . I am suggested to use sudo apt --fix-broken install. However, when I run this I receive an error about the paste subprocess being killed by signal (Broken pipe).  I have also tried directly installing the dependency and also receive a broken pipe error.  Here is the output I receive. I have read some similar topics about overwriting a .deb file but did not have any luck with them.  ~$ sudo apt --fix-broken install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:   fonts-liberation2 fonts-opensymbol gir1.2-geocodeglib-1.0   gir1.2-gst-plugins-base-1.0 gir1.2-gstreamer-1.0 gir1.2-gudev-1.0   gir1.2-udisks-2.0 grilo-plugins-0.3-base gstreamer1.0-gtk3 libatomic1:i386   libboost-date-time1.65.1 libboost-filesystem1.65.1 libboost-iostreams1.65.1   libboost-locale1.65.1 libbsd0:i386 libcdr-0.1-1 libclucene-contribs1v5   libclucene-core1v5 libcmis-0.5-5v5 libcolamd2 libdazzle-1.0-0   libdrm-amdgpu1:i386 libdrm-intel1:i386 libdrm-nouveau2:i386   libdrm-radeon1:i386 libdrm2:i386 libe-book-0.1-1 libedataserverui-1.2-2   libedit2:i386 libelf1:i386 libeot0 libepubgen-0.1-1 libetonyek-0.1-1   libevent-2.1-6 libexiv2-14 libexpat1:i386 libffi6:i386 libfreerdp-client2-2   libfreerdp2-2 libgc1c2 libgee-0.8-2 libgexiv2-2 libgl1:i386   libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libglapi-mesa:i386 libglvnd0:i386 libglx-mesa0:i386   libglx0:i386 libgom-1.0-0 libgpgmepp6 libgpod-common libgpod4   liblangtag-common liblangtag1 liblirc-client0 libllvm9:i386 liblua5.3-0   libmediaart-2.0-0 libmspub-0.1-1 libnvidia-common-430 libnvidia-common-435   libodfgen-0.1-1 libpciaccess0:i386 libqqwing2v5 libraw16 librevenge-0.0-0   libsensors4:i386 libsgutils2-2 libssh-4 libstdc++6:i386   libsuitesparseconfig5 libvncclient1 libwinpr2-2 libx11-6:i386   libx11-xcb1:i386 libxapian30 libxau6:i386 libxcb-dri2-0:i386   libxcb-dri3-0:i386 libxcb-glx0:i386 libxcb-present0:i386 libxcb-sync1:i386   libxcb1:i386 libxdamage1:i386 libxdmcp6:i386 libxext6:i386 libxfixes3:i386   libxmlsec1 libxmlsec1-nss libxshmfence1:i386 libxxf86vm1:i386   linux-headers-4.15.0-74 linux-headers-4.15.0-74-generic   linux-headers-5.0.0-23 linux-headers-5.0.0-23-generic   linux-image-4.15.0-74-generic linux-image-5.0.0-23-generic   linux-modules-4.15.0-74-generic linux-modules-5.0.0-23-generic   linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-74-generic linux-modules-extra-5.0.0-23-generic   lp-solve media-player-info python3-mako python3-markupsafe syslinux   syslinux-common syslinux-legacy usb-creator-common Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. The following additional packages will be installed:   libcublas-dev The following NEW packages will be installed:   libcublas-dev 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 150 not upgraded. 7 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/42.3 MB of archives. After this operation, 114 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y (Reading database ... 288268 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libcublas-dev_10.2.2.89-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libcublas-dev (10.2.2.89-1) ... dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libcublas-dev_10.2.2.89-1_amd64.deb (--unpack):  trying to overwrite '/usr/include/nvblas.h', which is also in package nvidia-cuda-dev 9.1.85-3ubuntu1 dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Errors were encountered while processing:  /var/cache/apt/archives/libcublas-dev_10.2.2.89-1_amd64.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)   Ubuntu 18.04


Suppose 1 ≤ k ≤ n − 1 and gcd(k, n) = 1. Prove that gcd(n − k, n) = 1

I wrote:  Since gcd(n-k, n)=1, we can use Bezout's Identity to say: ∃(x,y)∈Z such that (n-k)x+ny=1. Distributing, nx-kx+ny=1. One can then produce the equation: n(x+y)-kx=1. I then stated about how because of that equation, it is proved that gcd(n-k, n)=1. I am almost certain that what I wrote is not the proper way to prove this statement so could someone please present their own version of the proof or explain to me where I messed up?


Story about writing a novel already written

A long time ago I read about a novel, short story or possibly a movie (I can't remember what it was exactly, most likely a novel though) telling the story of a man who writes a book only to later discover that someone else has already written the exact book, word-by-word, possibly years before.  I don't remember how the mystery is solved - if you know what story this is, please don't tell me how it ends.  Edit to rest the duplicate hunters: there was nothing about any time machine in my recollections. I have already selected an answer. And I did say that I don't want to know how this story ends.


Adjust space between entries in LoF and LoT

I am trying to adjust spacing between entries in LoF and LoT. My code is  \documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{book} \usepackage[english,greek]{babel} \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} \usepackage[iso-8859-7]{inputenc} \usepackage{kerkis} \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} \usepackage[margin=2.8cm]{geometry} \usepackage[Glenn]{fncychap} \usepackage{fancyhdr} %!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! \usepackage{tocloft} \setlength\cftparskip{-15pt}%For ToC works great \setlength\cftbeforesecskip{-8pt}%For ToC works great \setlength\cftbeforesubsecskip{-5pt}%For ToC works great \setlength\cftbeforechapskip{-1pt}%For ToC works great \setlength\cftaftertoctitleskip{-50pt}%For ToC works great  % I also tried \renewcommand instead of \setlength \setlength\cftbeforeloftitleskip{-2cm}%It has no effect in LoF \setlength\cftbeforelottitleskip{-5cm}%It has no effect inLoT  \makeatletter \newcommand*{\tocwithouttitle}{\@starttoc{toc}} \makeatother %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \makeatletter \newcommand*{\lofwithouttitle}{\@starttoc{lof}} \makeatother %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \makeatletter \newcommand*{\lotwithouttitle}{\@starttoc{lot}} \makeatother %-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- %!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! \renewcommand{\cftsecleader}{\cftdotfill{\cftdotsep}}  \begin{document}  %~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Front-Page~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \begin{titlepage} Εξώφυλλο \end{titlepage}  \chapter*{\contentsname} \markboth{\MakeUppercase{\contentsname}}{\MakeUppercase{\contentsname}} \tocwithouttitle \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Πειρεχόμενα}  %LoF \chapter*{Κατάλογος σχημάτων}%List of Figures \markboth{\MakeUppercase{Κατάλογος Σχημάτων}}{\MakeUppercase{Κατάλογος Σχημάτων}} %\renewcommand\cftbeforeloftitleskip{5pt} %\renewcommand\cftbeforelottitleskip{5pt} \lofwithouttitle %\setlength\cftbeforefigskip{0pt} \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Κατάλογος Σχημάτων}  %LoT \newpage  \chapter*{Κατάλογος Πινάκων} \markboth{\MakeUppercase{Κατάλογος Πινάκων}}{\MakeUppercase{Κατάλογος Πινάκων}} \lotwithouttitle %\renewcommand\cftbeforeloftitleskip{5pt} %\renewcommand\cftbeforelottitleskip{5pt} \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Κατάλογος Πινάκων}  \newpage \end{document}   While some code is working on ToC(See comments in Preamble) I cannot adjust spacing in LoF/LoT. How can this be achieved?


Is reusing old code for a new assignment considered self plagiarism? How to protect yourself if you consider it to be, and a group partner does not?

I am taking a graduate machine learning course and am working with another student in the class on a final project. In his undergraduate studies, the other student wrote code that accomplished a similar task, and mentioned in our previous meeting that we would be able to leverage much of this code for our current project if we wanted to. I responded that I believe it would constitute textbook cheating and self-plagiarism, but the other student disagrees and believes that re-using the code would not constitute self-plagiarism because he himself wrote it, and it would be redundant to re-write what he had already done.  Now, the course instructors have made it clear that we are not allowed to use any external libraries to perform certain classes of algorithms for this project. This students' prior code would fall under this category of prohibited tools, but he claims that it doesn't qualify because he wrote the code himself (so it is not an "external library"). I believe this is hyperbole, but he disagrees. It is also worth mentioning that this code is licensed under an , though it is not widely used at all.  It has gotten to the point where I am uncomfortable going forward with the project by re-using his old code, and he does not want to do work on the project that he considers to be redundant. My worry is that if it turns out we're not allowed to reuse the code, then using it could cause us to fail the course and severely negatively affect our reputations. Even if we don't get caught, I personally feel that it would be unethical to copy-paste old code and present it as though it's fresh code for this current project.  I am unsure of how to proceed. I have tried reaching out to the professor of the course some time ago (she has been traveling for some conferences recently and will be for a while) but I have not heard back from her. Additionally, the course TAs have been unwilling to weigh-in on the situation.  I have the following questions:   Is the above situation usually considered to be self plagiarism? Why or why not? Is the above act typically allowed in an academic setting? Assuming you are in my position, and consider re-using the code to be cheating and/or unethical, what is the best way to proceed; both in terms of how to make progress on the project, how to compromise with my group mate, and how to protect myself if my group mate refuses to budge.


Stack Overflow vs Code Review vs Software Engineering vs Codegolf

Whenever I want to post a programming question, I'm tempted to post it on all four of the above SEs. What's the difference between them? The FAQs I find too skim.


Expected Value of a Binomial distribution?

If $\mathrm P(X=k)=\binom nkp^k(1-p)^{n-k}$ for a binomial distribution, then from the definition of the expected value $$\mathrm E(X) = \sum^n_{k=0}k\mathrm P(X=k)=\sum^n_{k=0}k\binom nkp^k(1-p)^{n-k}$$ but the expected value of a Binomal distribution is $np$,  so how is      $$\sum^n_{k=0}k\binom nkp^k(1-p)^{n-k}=np$$


How to protect valuable objects in sleeping car from being stolen

Strange things happen at night in sleeping cars in a train. Strangers enter your cabin accidentially, smugglers hiding cigarettes, someone is sleeping in your bed when you've been away for some minutes etc.  When travelling in a sleeping car and not having an opportunity to lock valuable things away, how to protect them from being stolen when you have a tight sleep like I have sometimes? I have things in mind like Notebooks, Tablets, bigger Cameras and things that do not fit into your pocket or under your pillow.