Today, 2020-10-09 I issued the following command: sudo apt full-upgrade and the system failed to execute the command. The response I got in the command console was: Des:1 http://mirror.ubuntu.serverforge.org focal-updates/main amd64 python3-problem-report all 2.20.11-0ubuntu27.9 [9.704 B] Des:2 http://mirror.ubuntu.serverforge.org focal-updates/main amd64 python3-apport all 2.20.11-0ubuntu27.9 [84,4 kB] Des:3 http://mirror.ubuntu.serverforge.org focal-updates/main amd64 apport all 2.20.11-0ubuntu27.9 [128 kB] Des:4 http://mirror.ubuntu.serverforge.org focal-updates/main amd64 apport-gtk all 2.20.11-0ubuntu27.9 [9.728 B] Err:5 http://mirror.ubuntu.serverforge.org focal-updates/main amd64 bolt amd64 0.8-4ubuntu1   404  Not Found [IP: 71.120.139.139 80] Err:6 http://mirror.ubuntu.serverforge.org focal-updates/main amd64 libfprint-2-2 amd64 1:1.90.2+tod1-0ubuntu1~20.04.2   404  Not Found [IP: 71.120.139.139 80] Err:7 http://mirror.ubuntu.serverforge.org focal/universe amd64 xsel amd64 1.2.0+git9bfc13d.20180109-3   404  Not Found [IP: 71.120.139.139 80] Err:8 http://mirror.ubuntu.serverforge.org focal-updates/main amd64 thermald amd64 1.9.1-1ubuntu0.3   404  Not Found [IP: 71.120.139.139 80] Descargados 232 kB en 2s (98,8 kB/s) E: Fallo al obtener http://mirror.ubuntu.serverforge.org/pool/main/b/bolt/bolt_0.8-4ubuntu1_amd64.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 71.120.139.139 80] E: Fallo al obtener http://mirror.ubuntu.serverforge.org/pool/main/libf/libfprint/libfprint-2-2_1.90.2+tod1-0ubuntu1~20.04.2_amd64.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 71.120.139.139 80] E: Fallo al obtener http://mirror.ubuntu.serverforge.org/pool/universe/x/xsel/xsel_1.2.0+git9bfc13d.20180109-3_amd64.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 71.120.139.139 80] E: Fallo al obtener http://mirror.ubuntu.serverforge.org/pool/main/t/thermald/thermald_1.9.1-1ubuntu0.3_amd64.deb  404  Not Found [IP: 71.120.139.139 80] E: No se pudieron obtener algunos archivos, ¿quizás deba ejecutar «apt-get update» o deba intentarlo de nuevo con --fix-missing? hugo@hugo-MS-7978:~$   I don't know what the problem is, because this is the first time this has happened to me.


The exercise is as below  Let $V = \{x \in \mathbb{R}^2: 2x_1^2+3x_2^2\leq4\}$ Prove: V is convex  I started the proof like this:  Let $x,y \in V$ be given. Let $\lambda \in [0,1]$. We want to show that $\lambda x + (1-\lambda) y \in V$.  Now, I know that I have to rewrite $2[\lambda x_1 + (1-\lambda)y_1]^2+3[\lambda x_2 + (1-\lambda)y_2]^2$ into something like   $\lambda(2x_1^2+3x_2^2) + (1-\lambda)(2y_1^2+3y_2^2) \leq \lambda*4+(1-\lambda)*4 = 4$   But I just can't get my head around it, can someone please make a step-by-step derivation? I am really hopeless at this point.


I am trying to create skirt out of leafes but it is actually a pain to position them. Is it possible to create this procedurally?  So that I just create a circle and say spawn 20 textured rectangles around it, would this be possible?  It would look like this, where the red lines are the planes from the top view


Implementation of "clouds" for notes in the text

It is hard to describe what I want in a setence, better take a look on how I usually write down (lecture) notes.    I want to point your attention to these little "clouds" which contain some useful, but not necessary information about a sentence, for example.  It is important to me that I have these notes in the text and not "outside" (as a footnote or so).  Also notice that notes are placed wherever there is enough space.  We already have examples of such clouds here on TEX.SX:   So I search for something like a \stackrel or \overbrace command that does all the alignment and spacing for me (obviously it would take ages to align manually with all those clouds otherwise).


$f_n$ be a sequence of differentiable functions on $[a,b]$ such that $f_n(x)\rightarrow f(x)$ which is riemann integrable consider the statements    $f_n$ converges uniformly.  $f_n^{'}$ converges uniformly. $\int_{a}^{b}f_n\rightarrow \int_{a}^{b}f$ $f$ is differentiable.   we need to find out which of the statement is not true.


Confused about inductors and how they "react to changes in current"

When you have an RL circuit and you close the switch allowing current to flow, I always thought that the inductor opposes that sudden increase in current as if it was just a circuit without an inductor (so current just shot up to X ampere). This causes a change in magnetic flux through the inductor's coils and thus producing a back EMF equal to the terminal voltage across the battery. Initially at t=0 this causes the current to be 0 as there is no potential difference across the resistor. Over time, the change in current decreases so there is less back EMF until there is no change in current so the voltage across the inductor is 0  What I'm confused about is how the voltage across the inductor is determined by dI/dt as in this equation  which is the gradient of the current in the graph. However, isn't the change in current in the graph caused by the inductor having back EMF in the first place. For example at t=0, dI/dT is 60A per second but isn't this because the inductor has already produced a back EMF initially as a result of that sudden increase in current when the switch was closed so it is at 0A as in the graph. What it looks like to me is the gradient which is used to get the voltage across the inductor is based off something that already requires the voltage across the inductor so it's like a recursive sequence. If anyone could help clarify my error in the understanding of inductors, that would be much appreciated.


Why can't surgery be done by transporter?

In the era of Star Trek: The Next Generation (or even earlier), why isn't invasive surgery performed using the transporter?  In theory, one could:   dematerialize an individual and store the pattern in the buffer perform "surgery" by altering the pattern appropriately rematerialize the individual   From an in-universe point of view, why is this not the preferred method of surgical intervention?  Is it the challenge of altering the pattern?  It would be most desirable to have an answer that (a) explains why this approach to surgery cannot be done or — if it can — then why it is not done very often in TNG; and (b) gives examples of when it has been done (if such examples exist).  Differentiation: The question  is in a similar vein.  However, that question is about restoring back to a previous (healthier) pattern.  The present question is about directly altering a single copy of a pattern, without using any data from previous patterns.


GPS points of a vehicle snapped to a specific polyline path

So I have been capturing bus GPS locations for a while now, and I am became interested in snapping them to their corresponding polyline (route). While at first this seemed like an easy enough task I began to realise how complex this task is, particularly in situations where the route doubles back on itself and a simple snap to closest isn't always accurate.  Now I assume that I am not the first person in the world of GIS to want to do something like this, I was wondering if you have come across any algorithms, scripts, functions, programs or whatever that could help me with this task. I am currently using PostGIS and QGiS but am open to any suggestions.


For which natural numbers n, is  √ n   irrational? Prove your answer.


I am a newbie when it comes to java web programming. I tried doing a javamail code. here is my code      import java.util.Properties;..       public class SendEmail {      public void sendEmail(final CodeToEmailCommand emailSender) {       try {         Properties props = System.getProperties();          props.put("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");         props.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com");         props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");         props.put("mail.smtp.port", "465");         props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");         props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");         props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback", "false");         props.put("mail.smtp.ssl.trust", "*");          Session mailSession = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, new javax.mail.Authenticator() {             protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {                 return new PasswordAuthentication(emailSender.getUsername(), emailSender.getPassword());             }         });          mailSession.setDebug(true);          Message mailMessage = new MimeMessage(mailSession);          mailMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress(emailSender.getFromEmail()));         mailMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(emailSender.getToEmail()));         mailMessage.setSubject(emailSender.getSubject());          mailMessage.setContent(emailSender.getMessage(), "text/html");         mailMessage.setSubject(emailSender.getSubject());         Transport transport = mailSession.getTransport("smtp");         transport.connect("smtp.gmail.com", emailSender.getUsername(), emailSender.getPassword());         transport.sendMessage(mailMessage, mailMessage.getAllRecipients());      } catch (Exception ex) {         ex.printStackTrace();     }      }     }   But it kept giving me this exception  DEBUG: setDebug: JavaMail version 1.4.4 DEBUG: getProvider() returning javax.mail.Provider[TRANSPORT,smtp,com.sun.mail.s mtp.SMTPTransport,Sun Microsystems, Inc] DEBUG SMTP: useEhlo true, useAuth true DEBUG SMTP: trying to connect to host "smtp.gmail.com", port 465, isSSL false javax.mail.MessagingException: Could not connect to SMTP host: smtp.gmail.com, port: 465;   nested exception is:     javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException:  PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderExc eption: unable to find valid certification path to requested target      ..   I tried changing ports. Enabling firewall (in cmd) but it is still not working. Pls. Help. I am running out of ideas


Are there any resources for learning CG related math (especially the math used by Blender)?

I want to get involved in developing Blender, maybe writing add-ons and stuff for the community. As far as I can tell, there's a lot of math involved with this (generally stuff like matrix/vector algebra, dot/cross products, quaternions, and complex numbers, and I'm sure a lot of other stuff); are there any resources for learning this stuff (in particular, that focus specifically on CG applications): books that are generally in high regards in the blender community or tutorials?  Addendum: I feel I should mention, I don't find my post to be a duplicate of . First off, my question is about resources specific to learning CG related math and how it is implemented, specifically in a CG context (i.e. other applications of the math are not important.Because of this and a heavy emphasis on various algorithms, I also felt it would be considered off topic on the math SE), conversely, the other post appears to be focused on resources for using blender (add-ons, stock images/textures, other software that can be used along side it, tutorials on using it, etc.). I'm not looking for books on how to drive a car or looking for a different engine to add on; I'm looking for books on how engines work. What are the formulae for ray tracing, how do quaternions work, etc.  Secondly, math is a really fundamental part of CG works; I would think that since the other post didn't so much as even mention math (the closest thing I could find was some documentation about the Python API but even that is still pretty far off the mark), it wasn't because it was some tiny, obscure topic that was overlooked. So, it stands to reason that the resources I'm looking for aren't a good fit for it.


How to create a job that uses Powershell script?

I have a powershell script which deletes old backups from NAS storage. I have already tested it using Windows Powershell and it works but I couldn't perform the same thing in SQL Server. I have created a cmdExec type job and then wrote the script below (script is on desktop):  "C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe"  "C:\Users\domainAccount\Desktop\"  ".\deleteold.ps1 -FolderPath \\192.168.x.x\Backups -FileAge 2 -ListOnly -LogFile \\192.168.x.x\Backups\log.log"   But I do not get any result as when I run the job it just keeps running infinitely until I stop that job.


Two column float with [t] using the cas-dc template

I am using the cas-dc template for Elsevier. When trying to use \begin{figure*}[t], except I get the error 'The module 'cas/fig' does not have a key called 'cas/fig/t'. Other templates I use work fine. I have included \usepackage{stfloats}. I don't see anything mentioned that strictly forbids it, unless I missed this. Anyone know why?


I have a json file that it has more than 30k lines, and I need to replace all instances of }{ in the file with },{ by using script shell or just a text editor like less or vim.


I want to measure tree heights in the forest using drone photogrammetry.  So far it's easy to measure single trees height using fugroviewer in the pointcloud, but I would really like to measure whole groups of trees.  This picture below represents the tops. Is there a way to spot them out into the attribute table?    This is another image from before the treetops has been isolated.   I'm not a big GIS expert, so please be really specific in your explanation, if you have an idea.


Is Eclipse at all theme-able? I would like to install a dark color scheme for it, since I much prefer white text on dark background than the other way around.


How do I start a process, such as launching a URL when the user clicks a button?


How to put the taskbar's notification area on two screens in Windows 8.1

I have two screens on my Windows 8.1 computer (with Classic Shell Start Menu installed). The thing is that I would like to have the taskbar's  (where the clock and all the icons like Skype or Spotify are, at the right) on both of my screens, and not only on the primary one.  Could you help me ? I would like not to install a heavy and paid software like DisplayFusion.


Is there any difference between type? and Nullable?

In C# are the nullable primitive types (i.e. bool?) just aliases for their corresponding Nullable<T> type or is there a difference between the two?


I am trying to find a formula (if one exists, and this is the right place) to try and calculate how far a radio station can transmit, under ideal conditions. I have searched Google, and I can not find a solid answer.   Broadcast Frequency: 89.7 MHz  Effective Radiated Power: 910 Watts Transmission Power: 936 Watts Transmitter Height: ~39m Terrain: Flat   Thanks for the help.


My Spain Schengen visa was refused twice and appeals rejected

I was refused for a Schengen visa in February 2018 for justification for the purpose and conditions of the intended stay was not reliable. I had an invitation letter from a sponsor company and all other documents were clear. I appealed and was refused.   I tried again in August and was refused again for the same reason. The company in Spain sent many emails to the Embassy to try to help me, but didn't get a  clear answer.  What should I do now? I appealed and was refused on the same day. I don't know what the Consulate has against me. I have to travel to check the company production lines and finish financial transactions. Can I ask the company to invite me via the police authority?


If-condition never executes despite correct condition

I have a simple piece of code to validate a username and a password.       public boolean isValid(String u, String p) {     if (u=="admin" && p=="password1") {         return true;     } else if (u=="user" && p=="password2") {         return true;     } else {         return false;     }  }   I've tried debugging it, and when it runs, u has the value "admin" and p has the value "password1", but it just skips the first condition. I must have done something wrong, but I can't figure out what.


Total number of combination or combinations

May I know which sentence is grammatical?     Given n services in sequential composition, where each of them having   l candidates, the total number of combination is l^n.      Given n services in sequential composition, where each of them having   l candidates, the total number of combination are l^n.      Given n services in sequential composition, where each of them having   l candidates, the total number of combinations is l^n.      Given n services in sequential composition, where each of them having   l candidates, the total number of combinations are l^n.


Kernel crash during upgrade of Ubuntu 20.04 from 19.10

I have tried to update my Ubuntu version and after updating, my boot screen is displaying a kernel panic message and I'm unable to access my login screen.    I was upgrading my ubuntu from 19.10 to 20.04, please let me know the kernal names and steps to access ubuntu again.


Direct Login to windows without grub menu

I have successfully installed dual boot ubuntu 18.04 alongside with Windows.But when I am restarting the system it directly goes to windows 10 without showing grub menu


I am fairly new to ubuntu. I am trying to find a package for the Java JDK to use javac and the other compiler utils included in the JRE.  I cannot however seem to be able to install them (either package not found or not installable).   Any help is appreciated. Thanks.


I fiddled with my $PATH and now it's not working correctly anymore. So I thought, well, just remove the last things I added. However, I can't seem to figure out how.  I added things like so  export MAGICK_HOME="/Library/ImageMagick-6.7.5/" export PATH="$MAGICK_HOME/bin:$PATH" export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH="$MAGICK_HOME/lib/"   I do not have the files ~/.bash_login or ~/.profile or /etc/environment. I can't find the mentioned strings in /etc/path or /etc/bashrc. I don't know a command except export, that manipulates the $PATH.   How do I get rid of these strings? (And, if it's obvious to you, what did I mess up?)


In the lyrics of the song Cotton Fields by Creedence Clearwater Revival there is the following sentence:     When I was a little bitty baby   my mama would rock me in the cradle   I feel like I understand the meaning, but I can't find out why is would used in such way.  What is the difference to the following:     When I was a little bitty baby   my mama rocked me in the cradle


How to generate the permutation of a list in python?

I am trying to generate a permutation of list in python with recursion.  import copy  def perm(seq):     if len(seq) == 1:         return seq     else:         nseq = perm(seq[1:])         return zip_letter(seq[0], nseq)   def zip_letter(c, seq):     lis = []     for i in range(len(seq)+1):         seq.insert(i, c)         lis.append(copy.deepcopy(seq))         seq.pop(i)     return lis  print perm(['a', 'b', 'c'])   The output is  [['a', ['b', 'c'], ['c', 'b']], [['b', 'c'], 'a', ['c', 'b']], [['b', 'c'], ['c', 'b'], 'a']]  which seems fine, but not in correctly inserted format. what am i missing?


Finding the integral $\int_0^\infty\sin(x^n)dx$

Is there a non-complex number involving method to find the following integral     $$\int_0^\infty\sin(x^n)dx$$   Maybe something using the idea similar to that for evaluating $\frac{\sin x}{x}$ under the same limits. I have no idea about contours and I am hoping that there should be another real method to evaluate it.


How do I calculate the probability density function for a joint beta + uniform distribution?

The PDF of a Beta distribution is $$ f_X(x) = {{x^{a-1}(1-x)^{b-1}}\over {B(a,b)}}  $$ and CDF $$ F_X(x) =  I_x(a,b) $$ The PDF of a uniform distribution is $$ f_Y(y) =  {1 \over {b-a}} \space for \space  x \in [a,b] $$ and CDF $$ { x - a} \over {b - a} $$ I've know that if X and Y are two independent, continuous random variables, described by probability density functions above of $f_X(x)$ and $f_Y(x)$ then probability density function of $Z = XY$ is $$  f_Z(z) = \int_\infty^\infty f_X(x)f_Y({z\over x}){1\over abs(x)}dx  $$ but I'm struggling with the algebra to get  from this to the PDF and the CDF of the joint distribution. I'm using the uniform distribution between 0 and 1.


I have accidentally typed my name wrong when I created the administrator account. Although I managed to change the user name at the login screen, I am unable to rename the /home/oldusername to /home/newusername. I tried most of the online tutorials, and it failed.  The code I tried was this:  usermod -l newusername -m -d /home/newusername oldusername   But the output is:  cannot lock /etc/passwd; try again later.   How can I fix the issue and change the folder to newusername and expect all the applications to work as before?


Good day to everyone!  I should like to apologize in advance for this sort of question -- however, I am extremely pressed for time and am unable to do my own research and experimentation.  I am new to LaTeX, but I have decided to write my seminal paper using it because I am positively sick and tired of various office solutions.  I need to create a figure counter for \documentclass{article} that would work like this:  Figure [chapternum].[imagenuminchapter]: [caption]   So for example, the second figure in the 3rd chapter would have the caption:  Figure 3.2: Some caption   The first image in the 4th chapter would be:  Figure 4.1: Some other caption   And so on.  Thank you all in advance, and again, I am terribly sorry for this "please write it for me" sort of question, I do hope you will understand.


adults’ English teacher or adult’s English teacher?

In this sentence, “I would like to apply for the post of adults’ English teacher,” do you say “adults’ English teacher” or “adult’s English teacher”?  If this sentence is totally wrong, could you paraphrase the sentence in a way that the meaning remains? Thanks in advance.


I am going to buy a laptop that has FreeDos installed. I want to create a bootbale USB drive that will install UBUNTU on it.   Can a create this USB drive using my Macbook Pro? Will it be compatible?  Thanks, Adam


PGFPlots: How to sort the bars based on y values?

I have a bar chart that looks like this:    Here is the code that I used to generate the plot:  \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{axis}[     enlarge x limits=0.03,     every axis plot post/.style={/pgf/number format/fixed},     ybar=1pt,     ylabel=F1 Score,      xlabel=objects,     bar width=10pt,     x=0.45cm,     ymin=0,     axis on top,     ymax=1,     xtick= \empty,     xticklabel style={rotate=-90,  xshift=0.2cm},    symbolic x coords={barkely hide bones, cherokee easy tee-shirt, clorox utility brush,  cloud b plush bear, command hooks, cool shot glue sticks,                 crayola 24 ct,                         creativity chenille stems ,             dasani water bottle,                  dove beauty bar,                       dr browns bottle brush,               easter turtle sippy cup ,             elmers washable no run school glue ,    expo dry erase board eraser ,          fiskars scissors red,                fitness gear 3lb dumbbell,         folgers classic roast coffee, hanes tube socks,                       i am a bunny book,       jane eyre dvd,                    kleenex paper towels,  kleenex tissue box, kyjen squeakin eggs plush puppies, laugh out loud joke book, oral b toothbrush green, oral b toothbrush red, peva shower curtain liner, platinum pets dog bowl, rawlings baseball, rolodex jumbo pencil cup, safety first outlet plugs, scotch bubble mailer, scotch duct tape, soft white lightbulb, staples index cards, ticonderoga 12 pencils, up glucose bottle, womens knit gloves, woods extension cord  },     visualization depends on=rawy\as\rawy, % Save the unclipped values     after end axis/.code={ % Draw line indicating break             \draw [ultra thick, white, decoration={snake, amplitude=2pt}, decorate] (rel axis cs:0,1.05) -- (rel axis cs:1,1.05);         },     nodes near coords={%             \pgfmathprintnumber{\rawy}% Print unclipped values         }, every node near coord/.append style={font=\tiny, inner sep=1pt,rotate=90,xshift=0.3cm},     axis lines*=left,     clip=false     ] \addplot coordinates { (barkely hide bones,0.8780) (cherokee easy tee-shirt,0.8210) (clorox utility brush,0.8210) (cloud b plush bear,0.8360) (command hooks,0.8770)  (cool shot glue sticks,0.7930)                  (crayola 24 ct,0.8110)                          (creativity chenille stems ,0.7610)              (dasani water bottle,0.7960)                   (dove beauty bar,0.7400)                        (dr browns bottle brush,0.9400)                (easter turtle sippy cup ,0.8790)              (elmers washable no run school glue ,0.8380)     (expo dry erase board eraser ,0.8240)           (fiskars scissors red,0.4780)                 (fitness gear 3lb dumbbell,0.7630)          (folgers classic roast coffee,0.8980)  (hanes tube socks,0.8890)                        (i am a bunny book,0.9060)        (jane eyre dvd,0.8930)                     (kleenex paper towels,0.8880) (kleenex tissue box,0.9420)  (kyjen squeakin eggs plush puppies,0.8600)  (laugh out loud joke book,0.8940)  (oral b toothbrush green,0.7460)  (oral b toothbrush red,0.6790)  (peva shower curtain liner,0.9160)  (platinum pets dog bowl,0.9170)  (rawlings baseball,0.8580)  (rolodex jumbo pencil cup,0.9260)  (safety first outlet plugs,0.8340)  (scotch bubble mailer,0.8940)  (scotch duct tape,0.8100)  (soft white lightbulb,0.8410)  (staples index cards,0.8470)  (ticonderoga 12 pencils,0.9500)  (up glucose bottle,0.7860)  (womens knit gloves,0.8870)  (woods extension cord,0.8880) };  \end{axis} \end{tikzpicture}   I want the bars to be sorted automatically based on the y value. Could someone please help in figuring this out?


There seems to be a deluge of questions by folks with rep of 1-10. Many of these questions are "homework" or questions that are annoying to me "please read my 500 line script and tell me whats wrong with it" Is there any way to filter questions by reputation?


How to get desired output in MS Excel? note that the outage duration is in mins  Start time  Outage Duration (in Mins)   DESIRED OUTPUT 3:12 AM                 60               4:12 AM 4:05 PM                125                6:10 PM


how to set adobe reader pdf advanced printer option from commandline

is it possible to configure adobe reader advanced print options from commandline when printing. I want to print the pdf document as an image. There is a 'Print as an image' option in the adobe acrobat XI reader printer advanced option.


Modify print of Author in text and bibliography of BibLaTeX

I have a question concerning printing of citekeys (from citestyle) and an authors name in the text and bibliography. Consider the following MWE \documentclass{scrartcl} \usepackage[style=authoryear-comp,backend=biber]{biblatex} \usepackage{filecontents}  \begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib} @article{key1,     author = {Art, Bee and Cee, De},     title = {F},     journal = {G},     year = {2020} } \end{filecontents}  \addbibresource{\jobname.bib}  \begin{document}     \cite{key1}          \printbibliography \end{document}  And say I am “Bee Art” and on my slides I would like to not show my name in full but an abbreviation. That is  The current text key prints as “Art and Cee 2020” which I would like to postprocess to “AB and Cee 2020” The Bibliography “Art, Bee and De Cee (2020). “F”. In: G.” should read as “AB and De Cee (2020). “F”. In: G.”  I would like to be able to identify the author by Firstname (Given name) and Lastname, so let's assume the author “Bee Art” is unique. Can something like the steps 1 and 2 be done in post processing, i.e. without modifying the .bib file? For best of cases I would like to have two commands to set this i.e. setting \renewcommand{\shortenFirstName}{Bee} \renewcommand{\shortenLastName}{Art}  does the two points above (or in other words setting these two to De and Cee respectively shortens the second author as described above). How can I hook into BibLaTeX like this? Until now I Modified the .bbl manually, but this has to be redone after every biber, run, so I would like to see, whether it'S possible to do this directly.


How many zip codes are in more than one state?

According to the accepted answer of , there are only 13 zip codes in two states.  Reading down further on the page, though, you can see that back in 1994, there were 153 zip codes that cross state boundaries.  That response doesn't actually tell you what the 153 anomalous parties are, though.  Another response right above that one from 2016 found and listed 93 multi-state zip codes, but is missing at least one code that I know of.  The more correct answer of 153 is still quite dated, though, so I resubmit the question - how many US Zip codes span state boundaries and what are they?


An unresolved question on stackoverflow was rebloged by random person

I posted a question to Stack Overflow regarding the Android Camera API's implementation within AOSP. The question was about a custom View called PreviewFrameLayout that they use for maintaining the image's aspect ratio across the preview so that it does not appear stretched.  The link to the question is here:    Today I found a blog called  who copied the Stack Overflow question as it is and reblogged it in it's entirety without any modifications.I would have been happy if that person changed the code or suggested a solution to the problem,added his twist to it or quoted it's source but they did not do so. (In the answer I accepted,the poster recommended an alternative approach). More over the blog also advertises software outsourcing as it's business.  I took a look at some of the other posts on the blog and they were all similar in  nature.  Here is a link to the blog post that copies my question:   What can/should I do to help Stack Overflow do something about it?


Update 'changing' variables every time PS1 is called, i.e. every new prompt

The reason I need to be able to do this, is to have 'updating' variables in my PS1. I'd like to have my prompt span across the entire width of the terminal, not wrapping around or going down to a new line. For this, I already found a way to get it working, but this method requires me to reload bash every time. Here's what I would like it to look like:  |me::awesome| --------------------------------------------------------- ~/.config/awesome $   After that, when I cd into a new directory, it will look like this:  |me::themes| ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ ~/.config/awesome/themes $   But when I then run  exec bash   it will successfully change all values and look like this:  |me::themes| --------------------------------------------------- ~/.config/awesome/themes $   So I'm looking for a way to incorporate changing variables into my PS1 variable, which I would want updated every time a new prompt is called. This is what my .bashrc looks like at the moment:  mytest=$PWD mynext="$(basename $PWD)" mylength=$((${#mytest}+${#mynext})) length=$(($mylength+6)) PS1='|me::\W| $(printf "\\u2500%.0s" $(seq $length $(tput cols))) \w\n\$'   I've also tried putting the the variables into a separate shell script file, and running that within my PS1, as follows:  #/home/me/.PS1.sh mytest=$PWD mynext="$(basename $PWD)" mylength=$((${#mytest}+${#mynext})) length=$(($mylength+6)) echo "|me::\W| $(printf "\\u2500%.0s" $(seq $length $(tput cols))) \w\n\$"  #/home/me/.bashrc PS1=$(/home/me/.PS1.sh)


Passing the Values of an array to a function (not the array itself)

I have a function that has 5 requqired parameters and 2 optional ones. So a user can input 5-7 parameters and they are stored inside of an array. How can I pass those values to the function, is there something similar like extract() that returns the values and not the numbers? E.g.: $arr = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six']; functionname($arr[0], $arr[1], $arr[2],$arr[3],$arr[4],$arr[5])  doesn't work, because I never know for sure if the sixth parameter really exists. Thanks for any help.


Euclid's Lemma in a PID: irreducibles are prime: $ \pi\mid ab\Rightarrow \pi\mid a\,$ or $\pi\mid b$

I am studying ring theory and I am having a hard time understanding a part of a proof of a certain theorem. Note that in my lecture notes, a ring is by definition commutative with $1$. Let $R$ be a ring, then the set of units of $R$ is denoted by $R^*$. Consider the following theorem:  Let $R$ be a principal ideal domain (PID) and $\pi\in R$ irreducible. For any $a,b\in R$ with $\pi|ab$ we have $\pi|a$ or $\pi|b$.  The following is the first part of the proof from my lecture notes:  Consider the ideal $(a,\pi)$. Since $R$ is a PID this ideal is generated by a single element, which we call g. Note that $g|\pi$. Hence either $g$ is a unit, or $g=\epsilon\pi$ with $\epsilon\in R^*$. In the second case, since $g|a$ we also get $\pi|a$ and our assertion is proven.  The second part of the proof covers the case in which $g$ is a unit; I understand what's going on there (under the assumption that $g$ is indeed a unit) so I've omitted it. Please note that this is the proof word by word, i.e. I have quoted it from my lecture notes. First of all, is it true that, since $(g)=(a,\pi)$ we have $\{rg\ |\ r\in R\}=\{r_1a+r_2\pi\ |\ r_1,r_2\in R\}$ and by choosing $r_1=0$ and $r_2=1$ we have $rg=\pi$ for some $r\in R$, thus $g|\pi$? If this is true, then by similar reasoning one can proof that $g|a$ (which is stated in the last sentence of the proof). Next, the proof says that $g$ is either a unit or $g=\epsilon\pi$ for some unit $\epsilon$. By definition, we see from the factorisation above that either $g$ or $r$ is a unit. The first case corresponds to the statement in the proof that $g$ can be a unit. But if $g$ is not a unit, why is $g=\pi\epsilon$ for some unit $\epsilon$? Lastly, how does $\pi|a$ follow from all that has been said in the proof? EDIT: As requested by a user in the comments, here is the second part of the proof in my lecture notes, along with the first one for easy reading:  Consider the ideal $(a,\pi)$. Since $R$ is a PID this ideal is generated by a single element, which we call g. Note that $g|\pi$. Hence either $g$ is a unit, or $g=\epsilon\pi$ with $\epsilon\in R^*$. In the second case, since $g|a$ we also get $\pi|a$ and our assertion is proven. Now suppose  that $g$ is a unit and hence $(a,\pi)=R$. In this case there exist $x,y\in R$ such that $ax+\pi y=1$. Multiply by $b$ to get $abx+\pi by=b$. Both terms on the left are divisible by $\pi$. Hence the sum $b$ is also divisible by $\pi$ which proves our theorem.


Error while creating a Membership user "The password-answer supplied is invalid"

I tried creating a new user using CreateUser method. but when I click create user button I get this weird error :  "The password-answer supplied is invalid".  I already tried putting a strong password (123$567) or a normal password(1234). I doubt it has anything to do with the password strength because that would throw a different exception.  Here is my code:  Membership.CreateUser(username, password);   Can anyone tell me why is this happening?


I currently only have remote access to this CentOS box, I need to move /var form the primary RAID to a new set of disks that was installed with more space, My current thoughts on how to accomplish this is to temporarily mount the new RAID to /tmp/var. rsync everything from /var to /temp/var then modify the fstab to point /var at the new disks.  Here is my question. how do I delete the existing /var on the primary disks once I have the new disks mounted to that location (assuming this is even possible remotely)?


I'm current using Corsair VS 550 (550 watt) power supply unit ,but i don't have any UPS. Is there any chance that my power supply unit and hard disk could be damaged for not using any UPS.can anyone help regarding this??


Bounded in Probability and smaller order in probability

I wanted to prove that if $X_n$ is bounded in probability and $Y_n = o_p(X_n)$, then $Y_n \rightarrow 0$ in probability   I  know the following definitions that is $X_n$ is bounded in probability meaning that   $P(|X_n|<M)>1-\epsilon$  and I know that $Y_n = o_p(X_n)$ implies that $Y_n/X_n \rightarrow0$ in probability


Is the natural order relation on an idempotent semiring total/linear?

We know that on an idempotent semiring $R$, the natural order relation is defined as: for all $x, y\in R$, $x\leq y$ when $x+y=y$, which is clearly a partial order relation. I am unable to point out whether this relation is a total order relation too? i.e., does it satisfy Comparability (trichotomy law)?


How to show Two Labels of One feature In Geoserver…? (Part 2)

This is how my SLD 1.0.0 rule looks like     <sld:Rule>       <sld:Title>Reser Type</sld:Title>       <sld:PolygonSymbolizer/>       <sld:TextSymbolizer>           <sld:Label>           <ogc:PropertyName>fp_no</ogc:PropertyName>           <ogc:PropertyName>reser_use</ogc:PropertyName>         </sld:Label>           <sld:Font>           <sld:CssParameter name="font-family">Arial</sld:CssParameter>           <sld:CssParameter name="font-size">12</sld:CssParameter>           <sld:CssParameter name="font-style">normal</sld:CssParameter>           <sld:CssParameter name="font-weight">normal</sld:CssParameter>         </sld:Font>         <sld:LabelPlacement>           <sld:PointPlacement>             <sld:AnchorPoint>               <sld:AnchorPointX>0.0</sld:AnchorPointX>               <sld:AnchorPointY>0.5</sld:AnchorPointY>             </sld:AnchorPoint>           </sld:PointPlacement>         </sld:LabelPlacement>         <sld:Fill>           <sld:CssParameter name="fill">#f42f08</sld:CssParameter>         </sld:Fill>       </sld:TextSymbolizer>     </sld:Rule>   My question is Is there any way we can display these 2 labels above and below and NOT in one line ?  Please refer  for more details.   Note 1: this is not a duplicate question read before reacting !!!!  Note 2: I tried \n it does not work


Can somebody explain to me what is the integral of displacement $x$ with respect to time (if it is anything significant)? In high school physics, we are thought derivatives of $x$ which are velocity, acceleration etc. But what does it’s integral signify?


chararray size and length are not the same

I just started learning C after I already got a few years experience in Python, C# and Java. I learned in a tutorial, that char anything[] is always a pointer. (Today, someone told me this is wrong) - I think my question has something to do with this. Nevertheless, I'm trying to get the length of a char-array: #include <stdio.h>  int get_string_length(char * string) {     int length = 0;     while(string[length] != '\0')     {            char c = string[length];         length++;     }     return length; }  int get_string_size(char * string) {     return sizeof(string); }  int main() {     printf("%d\n", get_string_size("hello world")); // returns 8     printf("%d\n", get_string_length("hello world")); // returns 11     printf("%d\n", sizeof("hello world")); // returns 12 -> Okay, because of '\0'-char     return 0; }  result:  8 11 12  so, why is my get_string_size-method  returning 8 instead of 12? (Since both only call sizeof())


I am currently working on Bruce Sagan's The Symmetric Group.  The following proposition is given without proof:  Let $V$ and $W$ be $G$-modules with $V$ irreducible. Then dim Hom($V$,$W$) is the multiplicity of $V$ in $W$.    This proposition is a strengthening of the following corollary of Schur's Lemma:  Let $V$ and $W$ be two $G$-modules with $V$ being irreducible. Then dim Hom($V$,$W$) = $0$ if and only if $W$ contains no submodule isomorphic to $V$.    I understand why the corollary is true:   Let us suppose $W$ contains a submodule isomorphic to $V$. Then clearly, dim Hom($V$,$W$) > $0$ because of the isomorphism from $V$ to the submodule. Let us suppose im Hom($V$,$W$) > $0$. Then there must be some non-zero homomorphism from $V$ to some submodule of $W$. As the homomorphism is non-zero, its kernel is not $V$, so the kernel is zero, by Schur's Lemma. Hence it is injective. As it is surjective to its image, it is an isomorphism.     How could one prove this proposition? Is the proof similar to the proof of the corollary?  Thank you very much for your help!


Why are entries in addition order in a .Net Dictionary?

I just saw this behaviour and I'm a bit surprised by it...  If I add 3 or 4 elements to a Dictionary, and then do a "For Each" to get all the keys, they appear in the same order I added them.  The reason this surprises me is that a Dictionary is supposed to be a HashTable internally, so I expected things to come out in ANY order (ordered by the hash of the key, right?)  What am I missing here? Is this a behaviour I can count on?  EDIT: OK, I thought already of many of the reasons why this might happen (like the separate list to entries, whether this is a coincidence, etc). My question is, does anyone know how this really works?


Prove that the set of palindromes are not regular languages using the pumping lemma.

Firstly I pick a language $xyz$ where $x = \epsilon$, $y = (abb)^{k}$, $z = (bba)^{k}$ where $|y| \ge$ the number of states in the automaton representing my language. Then $xyz = (abb)^k(bba)^k$ is a palindrome.  Now I split $y$ into $uvw$, where $v \ne \epsilon$ contains a state visited more  than once. If the language is regular then $xuv^iwz$ is within the language $\forall i \ge 0$.  I choose $i = 2$, then $uv^2w = (abb)^n$ where $n > k$.  Then $xuv^2wz = (abb)^n(bba)^k$ where $n > k$, which is not a palindrome.   Firstly, is my reasoning for this particular proof correct?  I'm unsure about how to properly apply the pumping lemma to this problem. And secondly the question asks me to state a proof for palindromes in general, whereas I only attempted to prove it for a single case. Is there an example I can choose which proves the conjecture for all palindromes? I assume not, seeing as I can't think of how that could be represented using regular expressions.


Prove that $3 \le a+b+c \le 2\sqrt{3}$ in a triangle

Let $a,b,$ and $c$ be the lengths of the sides of a triangle satisfying $ab+bc+ca = 3.$ Prove that $3 \le a+b+c \le 2\sqrt{3}$.    The idea I had was $(a+b+c)^2 = a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ca) = a^2+b^2+c^2+6 \geq 9$ by rearrangement. That takes care of the first inequality. How do I show the other inequality?


Inverse CDF of a Student's t-Distribution

I'm trying to implement a mathematics library in C# .NET which includes some basic statistics. I need to be able to determine the inverse CDF of a Student's t-distribution from a given probability/confidence and degrees of freedom, but I cannot find any formulas for this. From what I've found there are various algorithms for this involving series and/or integration, both of which I have the capability to implement in my library. I've been able to implement the normal cdf and inverse cdf, and even the t cdf (with a lot of research), but I can't seem to find anything definite on the inverse. How does one compute this?  My intent is prioritizing accuracy over speed, up to the accuracy a double can store (64 bits). Anything more is unnecessary.


What mechanism is responsible for germinating in the right direction (root towards gravity)?

Regardless of the initial seed orientation, the root always grows/sprouts/germinates "towards gravity" (see ), sometimes curving around in sharp 180°. What is the mechanism responsible for the gravity sensing and for the growth adjustment?


I am aware that articles are the modifiers, which introduce a noun/noun_phrase in a sentence, and by the rules of English grammar we should use an article before referring to a noun in a sentence.  However, I see that the above rule is not strictly followed. I have seen sentences where though a noun/noun_phrase is used in a sentence but an introductory article is not used.  Eg : Login to desktop and start the paint application [ Desktop is a noun, hence I expect either "Login to a desktop and ...." or "Login to the desktop at the corner and ....."]  So please help me understand, when can an article be omitted ?


If X and Y are two sets of vectors in a vector space V, and if X $\subset$ Y, then is span X $\subset$ span Y? If so, why is or isn't the span of X a subset of the span of Y?  EDIT:  Thank you for the hints! Here is the proof I came up with; please let me know if it is correct.    The spanning set of X can be written as: Span(X) = {$a_1 x_1 + a_2 x_2 + ... + a_n x_n$} where all $x_i$ are vectors and all $a_i$ are scalars. Since X$\subset$Y then all $x_i$ are also in Y. Thus, Span(x) is a linear combination of vectors from Y So Span(x) $\subset$ Span(Y).


Bounding an analytic function on the closed unit disk

I have just encountered the following exercise which has me quite stumped:     Let $ f $ be analytic on the closed unit disk, and we assume that $ | f(z) | \leq 1 $ for all $ z $'s in this set. We also have $ f(\frac{1}{2}) = f(\frac{i}{2}) = 0 $. We need to prove that $ |f(0)| \leq \frac{1}{4} $.   I thought about using Schwarz's lemma to modify the function, but in Schwarz's lemma we assume only one zero at the origin, how does one use the two zeroes here to modify the function and obtain the bound?  Any help would be appreciated.


How to SELECT LIKE with wildcard % with prepared statements

I have the following PHP code to run a MySQL query: $stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE first_row = :first_row AND second_row LIKE "%:second_row%"'); $stmt->execute(array(':first_row' => "foo", ':second_row' => "bar"));   PHP Fatal error:  Uncaught PDOException: SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number: number of bound variables does not match number of tokens in /home/kd37875/public_html/my_file.php:5  Why that?


Science Fiction story where a man invents a machine that can help him watch history unfold

When I started reading science fiction in 1987, I read a lot of “best of” collections and believe I found this story in one. To the best of my recollection, the story involves a man who invents a screen to watch history unfold. He watches the jfk assassination and can view all angles and sees a man on the grassy knoll.  As he updates his machine, people use it to watch life unfold in real time. A man sees his wife entering a motel with another man and the husband tracks her down to shoot them.


Need major help: Ubuntu 13.10 not detecting Windows 8 operating system

Just tried installing Ubuntu for a class, but during installation it could not detect my Windows 8 operating system. It has a few options on what to do but I don't want to ruin my new computer. Please help.


Camera not showing anything when rendering

I have 2 cameras. It's working perfectly when I play the animation in preview.  The first camera works perfectly. When I press F12, it's rendering:   However, after the frame goes to camera 2, Blender shows this:    I already looked for a solution on the interned but could not find one (maybe I was not using the right keywords).


Arranging photos by date taken in Google Photos

I am trying to upload a scanned image to the new Google Photos app (Windows Desktop). For some reason changing the exif info to 1982 still puts the photo as uploaded today. So my photo collection is not sorted by date taken. Is this fixable?


Joomla to Drupal: how to use migrate module

I want to move my website from joomla to drupal. I read that the  module is the appropriate but i don't know how to use it. Can someone give guides to do this.


I want to get a script started on each login from domain users... how to do it? /etc/init.d/ is on startup not on login afaik.


In The Martian, why did the hab explode, the night when Mark's crops died?


In AL, due to PHB+1, can a player be barred from XGtE spells?

In AL, if I understand correctly, you can only build your character with 2 books, a PHB and another. If you picked VGM to choose, say, a Firbolg race, then you can't take subclasses from XGtE.  Does that mean that you also can't take spells from that book? You'd only have access to PHB spells?


So when you do @User, it does notify the user, but I'd appreciate it if it became a link to their profile automatically, which can also be turned off as you type it. i.e. when you do the @ symbol, someones name comes up in a box. Next to that name we could have a "do not link" if they don't wanna link the profile.  Sort of like facebook.  Edit: i'd say this is partially duplicate.  The people in that question believe that this won't work. I suggest, in the suggestion box that comes up when you type @, there can be a list of the usernames. e.g. when you do @RegisteredUser, there are a bunch of Registered User names so just list them with profile pictures so the user can select which one. All of this is in the box where normally the site would suggest the name you're about to tag.


How does one evaluate a function in the form of $$\int \ln^nx\space dx$$ My trusty friend Wolfram Alpha is blabbering about $\Gamma$ functions and I am having trouble following. Is there a method for indefinitely integrating such and expression? Or if there isn't a method how would you tackle the problem?


I'm having a weird issue with a form, if a send any spanish character (á, é, í, ñ, etc...) in the form, it appears as a blank string in the $_POST array.  This is the form:  <form action="<?php echo site_url("home/register"); ?>" method="post">

             <input type="text" placeholder="Nombre" name="user[name]"  class="form-control"/>

             <input type="text" placeholder="Apellido" name="user[lastname]"  class="form-control"/>

             <input type="text" placeholder="E-Mail" name="user[email]" class="form-control"/>

             <input type="password" placeholder="Clave" name="user[password]"  class="form-control"/>

             <input type="password" placeholder="Confirmar Clave" name="user[password_confirmation]"  class="form-control"/>

             <input type="submit" value="Registrar" class="btn btn-primary"/>

 </form>   I already tried without the "user[]".  I have never had this problem before, i know about the enconding problems but just not sending the value is completely new for me.  I google a lot, but i think i'm making the wrong search because i cant find anything similar.  I'm using PHP 5.5.9, Apache 2.4.7 and using Codeigniter 2, i have worked with this config many times before and, again, never saw this problem before.  Here a test:  If i send the data without spanish characters, there is no problem:  array(1) {   ["user"]=>   array(5) {     ["name"]=>     string(4) "Jose"     ["lastname"]=>     string(5) "Lopez"     ["email"]=>     string(7) "t@t.com"     ["password"]=>     string(1) "a"     ["password_confirmation"]=>     string(1) "b"   } }   if i change, for example, Jose with José, i get:  array(1) {   ["user"]=>   array(5) {     ["name"]=>     string(0) ""     ["lastname"]=>     string(5) "Lopez"     ["email"]=>     string(7) "t@t.com"     ["password"]=>     string(1) "a"     ["password_confirmation"]=>     string(1) "b"   } }


On a mixed model on SPSS I got the following results:  in the table called "Type III Tests of Fixed Effectsa"  Source    Numerator df      Denominator df  F        Sig. ... Genotype    5               96.287          3.542   **.006**   In the table called "Estimates of Fixed Effectsb"  Parameter   Estimate    Std. Error  df  t           Sig.    95% Confidence Interval                          Lower Bound Upper Bound [Genotype=1]    -.378349    .205116 96.779  -1.845  **.068**    -.785459    .028761 [Genotype=2]    -.203366    .283755 94.269  -.717   **.475**    -.766747    .360015 [Genotype=3]    .010477  .211701    99.681  .049    **.961**    -.409548    .430502 ...   (The p values are in bold, couldn't paste the table from excel). I'm still learning statistics so I'm not sure if I'm not missing something: what the results mean is the "genotype" is significant for the model test parameter (because the P was 0.06), but all the sub-groups under "genotype" (this is a parameter with 6 different groups) have p values more than 0.05 and that means there is no significant difference between them, so how can the p in the first table be < 0.05??


18.04 LTS install failure with 'Couldn't get size' error

When trying to install Ubuntu 18.04,  appears with a 'Couldn't get size' error when I pick Install Ubuntu from the grub boot menu.     As you can see my boot menu, there is no option for any nomodeset anywhere. After 10 seconds, again I got the black screen!     PC specs:    motherboard Intel i7 9700k 2x16GB Corsair RGB Pro Nvidia RTX 2080Ti Asus OC11 Samsung 970 Evo Plus 1 TB, NVMe, model   Samsung [860 Evo 500 GB] 2.5, model  MZ-76E500BW   Everything is up to date from BIOS settings to all firmware. I would like to partition my M.2 (currently running Windows 10) and run Ubuntu as soon as possible, but I don't know how to do that. Aside from that, is my Samsung 860 Evo going to be ready to use in Ubuntu as a second drive?


Why is my iphone 6 english in languange but on apple app store it is chinese?


Is it normal for DC wall adapter power supplies to provide voltages above the nominal ones?

When I measure a 9V DC wall adapter power supply with a multimeter it shows 11.8V. When connected to my board this voltage lowers to 10V. Is this normal? Should I be afraid of toasting my  supplied board when using this adapter?  Edit: This regulator accepts up to 12V inputs. So that will be no problem. A second "9V" adapter yields 15V to the multimeter. Will this one burn my circuit?


Where do I find details of Ubuntu Firefox "install" offers?

When I visit some sites (so far Tweetdeck, Tumblr, Launchpad, Google Docs) in Firefox, I get a "Would you like install {whatever}" popup from Ubuntu. My options are only yes, "not now" and "don't ask me again."  I don't see any way to get more information about these installations. I can't quite tell if they'd be browser plugins or regular applications  (the Ubuntu icon suggests the latter) and I don't see any indication that I can get more information about one of these applications before I install it.   I'm hesitant to click "yes" just to see what happens.  What is going on here?


Prove uniqueness of limit of convergent sequence in $\mathbb{R^n}$

Using the definition, that for every $\epsilon>0$, there exists a $N\in\mathbb{N}$, so that $d(v_i,L)$ for all $i\geq N$, where $v_i$ is the $i$th vector in the sequence. And $L$ is the limit.  I assumed that let there be two limits, $L$ and $M$.  Now I choose my epsilon to be $\frac13d(L,M)$, but after that, how do I proceed? Plain algebra doesn't help.  Note that $d(a,b)$ is the distance between vectors $a$ and $b$ in $\mathbb{R^n}$.


In discussing , I came to realize that the real question was whether Darkness blocks vision or merely creates "darkness".    Per the wording of the spell:     Magical darkness spreads from a point you choose within range to fill a 15-foot-radius sphere for the duration. The darkness spreads around corners. A creature with darkvision can’t see through this darkness, and nonmagical light can’t illuminate it. (emphasis mine)   Normal darkness is defined in the game as creating a heavily obscured area and the only description added to the darkness is that it is magical, which (to me) just means that it is created by magic and is subject to the magical rules.    Darkvision is defined in the game as basically being able to see in darkness as if they were seeing in dim light. So, the text "darkvision can’t see through this darkness" merely means that it affects darkvision in the same way it affects normal vision. (See earlier versions of the spell below, which had similar wordings.)    I see nothing there that implies it is a barrier to vision, just an active  and utter absence of illumination.    Previous editions have varying descriptions.  and  give accurate accountings of the various versions.   The 1e Wizard version seems to actually imply a sphere of opaque blackness that even blocks infra/ultravision, while the 1e Cleric version is a reversal of the Light spell and creates totally normal darkness, with no block to special visions.   The 2e version is similar to the 1e Cleric spell. It creates an area of darkness "equal to an unlit interior room".   The 3.0e version comes closest to the 5e version. It "causes an object   to radiate darkness out to a 20-foot radius. Not even creatures who can normally see in the dark (such as with darkvision) can see in an area shrouded in magical darkness." Still no reference to any sort of opacity and the wording makes it clear that darkvision is being treated specifically here.   3.5e Darkness is similar, although instead of darkness, it creates "shadowy illumination". This affects darkvision as well as normal vision.   4e doesn't have a Darkness spell, but rather a Cleric Utility called Veil of Darkness, which creates "a zone that is heavily obscured and blocks line of sight." So, finally, a reference to opacity, in "blocks line of sight", although I question if opacity was the intent.


My terminal shows only a blank screen--How can it?

I recently installed Ubuntu 13.10. in the process of editing bash.bashrc file something went wrong and all of a sudden all i'm getting when I open my terminal is a blank screen. No directory names or $. So I can't execute any commands to update, install, fix or anything. All the help out I come across assume I can use the command line.  . Anyone knows how to fix this? or how maybe how I can recover the default bashrc file (without using the command line)? Is my only option uninstalling and reinstalling Ubuntu? I don't even know how to do that without the command line.


Are there any banned subjects on Area 51?

I know of the following rules for creating a proposal on Area 51:  The scope must be reasonably well-defined, not too unclear (e.g. "cool stuff"), too opinion-based (e.g. "car reviews"), too broad (e.g. "life on Earth"), or too narrow (e.g. "The 1995 academic misconduct scandal at East Oak Mews High School"). One  come to Area 51 with an already existing community rather than hope to build one on Area 51. Proposals that are subsets of existing sites are not acceptable (e.g.  — deleted). These get closed as "This subject is already well-covered by a live Stack Exchange site. We generally do not split off subjects simply to give them their own space." Proposals for non-English sites .  Other than the criteria above, are there any per se restrictions on site content for an Area 51 proposal? If so, what topics are currently banned? I would expect a proposal for a "Let's organize a lawsuit against Stack Exchange" or "[Specific SE staff member] sucks, amirite?" would get closed for obvious reasons, but I'm interested if there are any non-obvious topics that are not currently allowed in proposals regardless of how well-defined, well-scoped, original, and well-supported by a community they are. Having a list of banned topics would be helpful to potential proposers as well as the communities that back them. For example, I wouldn't want to go to all the effort of organizing a community, bringing them to Area 51, etc., only to have my proposal closed with a curt "Sorry, due to the political climate, we are not currently accepting proposals for sites about real-life weapons." custom closure. To be clear, I am asking solely about topic restrictions (e.g. "no sites about fishing, hunting, or weapons"). I'm not asking about clarity requirements, the requirement to have a pre-existing community, not duplicating an existing site, or the requirement to not use sock puppets to artificially inflate proposal stats. Those requirements are already well-defined elsewhere or else are common sense. Also to be clear, I don't have a specific proposal idea in mind right now or the community to make it happen. I'm asking in general. The question could be rephrased as "What are those topics where I shouldn't even bother to try to define, gather a community, etc. because any attempt to propose a site will be summarily closed due to covering a banned topic?" This is not a duplicate of  because that question is about the appropriateness of expanding a proposal to cover things that are acceptable proposal topics but arguably don't make sense in combination with the original proposal scope. My question is about topics that are completely banned from proposals regardless of whether they are included in the original proposal description or tacked on by the community later.


I want to use Unicode text (a mixture of cyrillic and japanese characters) in a code listing that uses default LaTeX fonts (in other words, source code fonts are left to default). However, for all non-ASCII characters I get empty spaces instead.  I've tried adding the utf8 package, but to no avail. How can I get the Unicode characters to show up?


apt update error "no route to host" on ubuntu servers

This morning I ran sudo apt update and, I got following error (many times):  I think it is able to connect with some repos. I tried pinging 43.255.166.254 which showed 100% packet loss. I also tried running 'Software Updater' which just basically told me to "Please check your internet connection". I have checked my connection and verified that internet is working---chrome and firefox has no issue whatsoever.


On the assumption that $f$ is $C^1$, prove that if $D=\{x:f'(x)=0\}$, then measure of $f(D)$ is 0.

We have $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ which is continunous and its derivative is also continuous. We define set $D=\{x:f'(x)=0\}$. Prove that set $f(D)$ is of 0 (Lebesgue) measure.  If we assume that $f$ is monotonic then every maximal interval on which $f$ is constant is landing on single point. Between such interval there is always a gap, so there are no intervals in $f(D)$. However, I believe that $f(D)$ can have "more" that countably infinite elements. If that's true, then I do not know how to proceed.


Congruence a is congruent to bmod(n) is the same as amod(n) = bmod(n)

Good afternoon. I am relatively new to modular arithmetic. I have been asked to show that if $ a\equiv b,\  b\equiv c \pmod n$, then $a\equiv c \pmod n$. My idea was to write that $a\equiv b \pmod n$ is the same as writing $a \bmod n =  b\bmod n$. Similarly, if $b\equiv c\pmod n$  then $b\bmod n = c \bmod n$. From here, I combined both equations to say $a\bmod n = c\bmod n$, which is the same $a\equiv  c\pmod n$, hence true. The only question I have is, can my professor mark this wrong because of saying $a\equiv b\pmod n$ means the same as $a\bmod n = b\bmod n$ or is this statement correct. If it is not, how should I express it?


I want to know list of all users founded in my system. I need non-system users.  I know that the file /etc/passwd contains all users    root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/sh news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/sh proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/bin/sh www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/bin/sh backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/bin/sh list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/bin/sh irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/bin/sh gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/bin/sh nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/bin/sh libuuid:x:100:101::/var/lib/libuuid:/bin/sh syslog:x:101:103::/home/syslog:/bin/false messagebus:x:102:104::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false colord:x:103:108:colord colour management daemon,,,:/var/lib/colord:/bin/false lightdm:x:104:111:Light Display Manager:/var/lib/lightdm:/bin/false whoopsie:x:105:114::/nonexistent:/bin/false avahi-autoipd:x:106:117:Avahi autoip daemon,,,:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/bin/false avahi:x:107:118:Avahi mDNS daemon,,,:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/bin/false usbmux:x:108:46:usbmux daemon,,,:/home/usbmux:/bin/false kernoops:x:109:65534:Kernel Oops Tracking Daemon,,,:/:/bin/false pulse:x:110:119:PulseAudio daemon,,,:/var/run/pulse:/bin/false rtkit:x:111:122:RealtimeKit,,,:/proc:/bin/false saned:x:112:123::/home/saned:/bin/false speech-dispatcher:x:113:29:Speech Dispatcher,,,:/var/run/speech-dispatcher:/bin/sh hplip:x:114:7:HPLIP system user,,,:/var/run/hplip:/bin/false user1:x:1000:1000:user1,,,:/home/user1:/bin/bash user2:x:1001:1001:user2,,,:/home/user2:/bin/bash user3:x:1002:1002:user3,,,:/home/user3:/bin/bash user4:x:1003:1003:user4,,,:/home/user4:/bin/bash xrdp:x:115:126::/var/run/xrdp:/bin/false lxc-dnsmasq:x:116:128:LXC dnsmasq,,,:/var/lib/lxc:/bin/false clamav:x:117:129::/var/lib/clamav:/bin/false dhcpd:x:118:132::/var/run:/bin/false liquidsoap:x:119:133::/usr/share/liquidsoap:/bin/false sshd:x:120:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin   But as you can see the file may come to be very big as you install more services and I can't just open and search for non-system users that easily.  So i need a simple command to list those users. Thanks


Exporting Illustrator Art Boards without bounding box

I have a bunch of art boards that are sized to 88x88 pixels. When I export my art boards, all the images are sized as 88x88, where transparent pixels are surround my actual art work.  Is there a way to export the images and have it not include the surrounding box?  For example, assume all my art boards are 88x88 pixels. In one of them, I have a 40x40 plus sign. In another I have a 40x50 star. When I currently export my images, I get two images that are 88x88 pixels. What I want in one that is 40x40, and another that is 40x50.  Note: I still want to design the icons in a 88x88 grid. Is there a way to easily get these results without resorting to resizing my storyboard to "hug" their artwork?  I am exporting to PNG images.  Update: When I attempt to uncheck Use Artboards as per , it combines all of my artwork into a single file. This is not what I want. I want 2 separate files in the example above.  I would prefer a solution which doesn't require a script.  All of my artwork is located on a single layer.


fastest way to detect if a value is in a group of values in Javascript

I have a group of strings in Javascript and I need to write a function that detects if another specific string belongs to this group or not.  What is the fastest way to achieve this? Is it alright to put the group of values into an array, and then write a function that searches through the array?  I think if I keep the values sorted and do a binary search, it should work fast enough. Or is there some other smart way of doing this, which can work faster?


Google autocorrect spelling of search terms

I have reviewed this:   but it does not answer my question. The suggested fixes in this question is to set up FB, IG, and other social media pages. We have had these for months. We have 576 Instagram followers, 293 followers on Facebook, 17,425 views on Vimeo, Youtube, Pinterest and LinkedIn presence. Here is the response in a YouTube search:  Let's be clear. If you search for my company name and product name YT changes the spelling to something that doesn't exist and suggests a video with no matching result terms (using either spelling) disparaging OTHER luxury handbags, while insinuating it is referring to my handbags. When a user searches for our business, , Google and Youtube changes the spelling to Aslan Vaughn and displays these results:  For the first few months it just seemed like it was taking some time to percolate, but over 7 months we have had 17,500 unique visitors and nearly 90 backlinks.  The only results for Aslan Vaugn is the birth announcement of the second child of a musician in New Jersey. It is a Facebook post and has 14 likes. Google is favoring a spelling that has only two results with 14+ views over dozens of links and tens of thousands of views. How is this possible? An FB post with 14 likes is that much more popular than a business with 17,500 unique visitors (despite the Google obfuscation)? Is my company on some list? On other search engines my company covers the first few pages in results. Through Google, you cannot find our company no matter how many pages in you go. Unless you search for the term in quotes, . In which case we cover the first few pages here as well:


Regarding the isomorphism $T_{(x,y)}(X \times Y)= T_xX\times T_yY$ between the tangent spaces of two manifolds $X$ and $Y$, is it true that $$\mathfrak{X}(X \times Y)=\mathfrak{X}(X) \oplus \mathfrak{X}(Y),$$ where $\mathfrak{X}(-)$ denotes the module of vector fields?


Difference between dot product and cross product

It is known that a dot product is a scalar, but a cross product is a vector.  Dot product: $$ A \cdot B \in \mathbb{R} $$  $$ A \cdot B = |A||B| \cos\theta $$   $$ A \cdot B = A_xB_x + A_yB_y + A_zB_z $$  Cross product: $$ A \times B \in \mathbb{R}^3 $$  $$ \| A \times B \| = |A||B|\sin\theta $$  $$ A \times B = \begin{vmatrix} \mathbf{i} & \mathbf{j} & \mathbf{k} \\ \ A_x & A_y & A_z \\ \ B_x & B_y & B_z \\ \end{vmatrix} $$  $$ A \times B = (A_yB_z-A_zB_y)\mathbf{i} + (A_zB_x - A_xB_z)\mathbf{j} + (A_xB_y - A_yB_x)\mathbf{k} $$  It is known that the dot product results in a scalar, and the cross product results in a vector. Why does one have direction, and the other does not, and why are they calculated differently?


Show that $n!1$ and is a Positive Integer

Basis Case:  $2! = 2\times1 = 2$  $2^2 = 4>2$  Inductive Hypothesis:  $k!<k^k$  Induction Step:  $k!<k^k$  $k!(k+1) < k^k(k+1)$  $(k+1)! < k^{k+1} + k^k$  I'm confused on where to go from here, or if what I was doing was even the right way to go. I need advice on using induction for this question and on inequalities in general.


Allow voting on comments from Review interface

I'm still becoming increasingly confused as to why we can't do or see certain things (really, just about anything except for answer a question) from the Review interface.  Today, it's comment voting.  I came across a question in the close queue where another person had already left a comment that clearly described why the question should be closed.  Sometimes, I'll come across other questions where a commenter has also clearly stated what can be done to improve this question so that it will either not be closed or will be a good candidate for getting re-opened.  Often times, in either case, the thread is still worth my close vote because it is either off-topic, low quality, or missing out on some other SE criteria, and it does not contain enough detail for me to feel confident that I can edit it into a good question that is still valuable to its original author.  I personally feel that, in most cases, it is our responsibility to the question author to give them feedback if we are going to down-vote or vote-to-close their question.  Sometimes, the feedback is clear enough in the close reason but this is only visible after the final vote - and even then, only the option selected by the majority is shown.  For instances where I'm giving a down-vote, or I'm one of the first-through-fourth people voting to close, the comment space is my only real option for giving feedback to the author.  Regardless, I feel that providing feedback to the author is essential in helping them to learn how to write better questions, write questions that better fit the StackExchange model, and get answers that are both useful to them and the community.  However, in cases where another person's comment already clearly and thoroughly relates my concerns regarding the post, it's often preferable that I up-vote the existing comment instead of leaving my own, redundant comment to clutter up the thread.  This is not currently an option from within the Review interface.  Interestingly enough, I'm allowed to leave a comment but I'm not allowed to vote on existing comments.  If I want to vote on an existing comment, I need to follow one of two processes - the choice between which is pretty much determined by the first step in each:   Remember that the Review interface will immediately leave the question when I choose an action option. Open one of the links to the question in a new, background tab in my browser. Choose my action for the question.   If necessary, choose the reason for my action. If necessary, select other options (i.e.: duplicate question) to complete the action.  Switch to the question's tab. Vote on the comment. Close the question's tab and go back to reviewing, or doing whatever else I was going to do.   OR   Forget that the Review interface will immediately leave the question when I choose an action option. Choose my action for the question.   If necessary, choose the reason for my action. If necessary, select other options (i.e.: duplicate question) to complete the action.  Open a new browser tab with the main site interface. Search for and open the question. Vote on the comment. Close the question's tab and go back to reviewing, or doing whatever else I was going to do.   Each of these workflows has four steps (italicized), plus associated page loading times, that I would not need to go through if the option to vote on a comment was simply included in the Review interface.  So, for the sake of our time and sanity - the savings of which, I believe, is the primary goal of this interface in the first place - please add or restore this functionality.


Kubuntu 16.04 Themes do not apply correctly

I'm pretty new in the world of KDE but chose to give Kubuntu 16.04 a try on both my Desktop and my Laptop. Both are fairly recent installations and haven't been modified that much.  Now for my problem:  I simply wanted to change my theme to a dark one in the System Settings. So I went to Workspace Theme > Look & Feel and clicked on "Breeze Dark". So far so easy. But something is not right.  The task bar changes, the plasma search bar changes and e.g. the background of the dolphin main view changes. But that's it. The system settings window is still white, the dolphin sidebar is still white, other qt apps (that should be affected by the theme change) still remain white. Even multiple restarts didn't help anything...  Here is a screenshot of dolphin so you can see what I mean:    The issue appears on both Desktop and Laptop which should exclude a hardware fault. Maybe I've done something wrong during installation.  I hope anyone can at least give me a hint of what I might've done wrong or how to gain additional information. Nobody on the entire Internet seems to have the same problem as far as Google is concerned.  System Specs (in case needed):   Kubuntu 16.04 KDE Plasma Version (Desktop): 5.6.5 (upgraded it in the hope of fixing the issue) Screenshot of "About System" Screen for additional information:      EDIT: Ah, of course, just after posting the question I found  (if not exactly the same). But the solution didn't work for me as I've already tried updating Plasma.


Post to chatter with hyperlink in Process Builder

When new Lead is created I would like to post on chatter group with clickable first and last name of lead, which would redirect user to record page.  Here is what i tried:   I tried to mention @[Lead].Id but it crashes Process Builder. I tried formula field HYPERLINK("/"+Id, 'FirstName') But it returns me this:     So is there any other solution for this? Greetings, Bartek


What is the clearest way to graph a piecewise function?

I have a function defined as:     How can I graph that using functions instead of coordinates? I'm currently working with pgfplots but I'm open to something else if it's better.


My materials look all scratchy and not cool,

i've given them a texture but when i render it it looks lame, and kind of scratchy any help?


how to cover the test class for apexpages.addmessage

I have written a test class that covers 86% leaving out the apexpages.addmessage () in catch block, but majorly it throws the validation exceptions on that object when I try to update a record.(Here I am updating case status to closed and I have some custom fields to be filled out while closing the case).  My test class has 2 methods. 1st method is having the case with all the fields filled this covers all the code except catch block and 2nd method without the required fields while closing the case and even though it doesn't cover my test class to full 100%   In my case I am updating the case status to closed and while closing the case I have 2 custom fields that should not be "null" 1. xyz1__c and 2.xyz2__c (Their are validation rules written on the case object and these throwing me the exceptions if these fields are null while updating the case) I am not sure how to cover the validation exception in catch block in Test class   Can someone please provide any suggestions .  Apex controller  public with sharing class OCaseComment {     public String test2 {get;set;}     public String test1 {get;set;}     public string status {get;set;}     public casecomment ca;     public case c;     public ID caseId;     public pagereference save() {         caseId = ApexPages.currentPage().getParameters().get('caseid');         system.debug('case id entered' + caseId);         ca = new casecomment();         ca.ParentId = caseId;         ca.commentbody = 'question:' + test1 + '\n' + 'solution:' + test2;         ca.IsPublished = true;         list<case> c = [select Status, xyz1__c, xyz2__c from case where ID =: caseId];         list<case> cg = new list<case>();         for (case cd : c) {             cd.Status = 'Closed';             cg.add(cd);         }         try {             if (cg.size() > 0 && cg[0].xyz1__c != null && cg[0].xyz2__c != null) {                 insert ca;             }             update cg;             status = 'saved';             system.debug('status value' + status);         } catch (DmlException d) {             Apexpages.addMessage(new ApexPages.message(Apexpages.Severity.Error, d.getMessage()));             status = 'unsaved';         }         return null;     } }   Test class   @isTest public class TestClassOCaseComment {     @isTest public static void withcaseid() {         case c = new         case (status = 'New', Origin = 'Phone', xyz1__c = 'Stats', xyz2__c = 'Issues');         insert c;         case ca = [select id, status, xyz2__c from             case where status = 'New'         ];         Test.setCurrentPage(page.SCaseComments);         OCaseComment cs = new OCaseComment();         cs.Test1 = ('test1');         cs.Test2 = ('test2');         apexpages.currentPage().getparameters().put('caseid', ca.id);         if (ca.id != null) {             cs.save();         }         casecomment cm = [select commentbody, isPublished from casecomment where parentid =: ca.Id];         string str = 'Question:' + cs.test1 + '\n' + 'Solution:' + cs.test2;         system.assertEquals(str, cm.CommentBody);         system.assert(true, cm.ispublished);         case g = [select Status from             case where ID = :                 ca.Id         ];         system.assertEquals('Closed', g.status);     }     @isTest static void caseWithoutproduct() {         try {             case c = new             case (status = 'New', Origin = 'Phone', xyz2__c = 'Issues');             insert c;             pagereference pr = page.SCaseComments;             pr.getParameters().put('caseid', c.Id);             test.setCurrentPage(pr);             OCaseComment cc = new OCaseComment();             cc.save();         } catch (Exception e) {             System.Assert(e.getMessage().contains('FIELD_CUSTOM_VALIDATION_EXCEPTION'));             System.Assert(e.getMessage().contains('xyz1__c'));         }     } }


Why and how does negative velocity exist?

Why and how does negative  exist? I have read on the internet about negative velocity but I still don't understand how it can even exist since time is positive and so is length. By doing some math I came to the conclusion it can't and should not exist and yet there are so many papers and videos trying to explain it.


What can be used instead of cheesecloth?

My father is cooking a soup, we don't have a cheesecloth and he wants to clear the soup.


Example of an ideal which is not principal in the ring $\mathbb{Z} [x]$

Give an example of an ideal in the ring $\mathbb{Z} [x]$ is not principal. What kind of example would be the easiest?


Yes, I'm really sure I want to delete that post

Attempting to delete questions on the mobile site on iOS causes two notification messages asking me to confirm the deletion, which it shouldn't do.  I haven't really looked into it, but it may just be that the handlers from full.js and mobile.js are both being triggered, as there seems to be the flash of the error dialog indicating something went wrong on the supposed second AJAX request when the response from the first triggers a page reload.  You can see this happening by following the method calls; the mobile view first calls   StackExchange.question.init() -> StackExchange.question.fullInit()   -> StackExchange.vote.init()     -> u()    ...where u() sets a delegated click handler on  $("div.post-menu *[id^='delete-post-'], table.flagged-posts *[id^='delete-post-']")   ...that calls .preventDefault() on the event, but doesn't block other handlers from firing.  It then later calls StackExchange.mobile.init(), which in turn calls the method J() that sets up a similar handler directly on $(".delete-post").  Since both handlers get triggered, there's two confirmation dialogs, and two attempts to delete the post. The extra handler in mobile.js seems unnecessary, so just removing it would appear to be the easy fix to the problem.


Can an electric field be detected around a large black hole?

There is an existing question  which has a complex answer, not accessible to the layman.  The point of this new question is that the electromagnetic field is mediated by photons. Yet photons emitted at the surface of a black hole (of a large enough mass) will not be able to escape beyond the event horizon.  Would a large black hole have no measurable electric field beyond its event horizon, even if it carried a high charge at its surface?


Pausing of the terminal process in Ubuntu 14.04

I was thinking if there was anyway so that we can pause the installation or downloading of any software from the terminal.Means if the terminal processes can be paused and resumed?? I asked because suppose I am downloading something from download manager and also a file from the terminal and I am not getting enough speed from the download manager due to this.So is there any way that the terminal process could be paused?? This question is different because i want to know what will happen if I pause a file which I was downloading fro the terminal and file download takes place through internet.I am not asking if I suspend an ongoing process like the running of a program which is internal to the computer.


I have a couple of quick questions about PCA:    Does the PCA assume that the dataset is Gaussian?   What happens when I apply a PCA to inherently non-linear data?   Given a dataset, the process is to first mean-normalize, set the variance to 1, take an SVD, reduce rank, and finally map the dataset into the new reduced-rank space. In the new space, each dimension corresponds to a "direction" of maximal variance.     But is the correlation of that dataset in the new space always zero, or is that only true for data that is inherently Gaussian?   Suppose I have two datasets, "A" and "B", where "A" corresponds to randomly sampled points taken from a Gaussian, while "B" corresponds to points randomly sampled from another distribution (say Poisson).    How does the PCA(A) compare to the PCA(B)?   By looking at the points in the new space, how would I determine that the PCA(A) corresponds to points sampled from a Gaussian, while PCA(B) corresponds to points sampled from a Poisson?   Is the correlation of the points in "A" 0?   Is the correlation of points in "B" also 0?   More importantly, am I asking the "right" question?   Should I look at the correlation, or is there another metric that I should consider?


Book series in the future with a plague, artificial intelligences, and a mining planet taken over by machines

I'm actually not sure if it was a book series, but there was a question to identify this story several months ago that linked to a website that explained the history and events that took place in this universe.  The setting was in the future in our solar system. There was a plague on Earth, "The Black Plague" I believe, that was killing plants on farms, and  it found it's way into orbital farms. There was an event where contact with either Venus or Mercury was lost and the machines on the planet took over. They started shooting at whatever ship came close, then started sending machines out into the solar system to assimilate other machinery.  I also remember a section describing artificial intelligences that are god-like. One in particular, named Gaia I believe, saved the solar system from the machines and plague. There were multiple tiers of existence, or something, with combinations of biological and artificial entities.  I remember a section describing how people who were living around Jupiter didn't really care about what was happening to the inner planets, but the machines that were attacking eventually reached them and it was bad.


If $G$ is isomorphic to $H$, then ${\rm Aut}(G)$ is isomorphic to ${\rm Aut}(H)$

If a group $G$ is isomorphic to $H$, prove that ${\rm Aut}(G)$ is isomorphic to ${\rm Aut}(H)$.   Can someone provide a step by step solution? Explaining along the way our strategy in proving this.


Rain arrows in random positions within bounds?

How do I summon arrows from the sky in a random position but at the same time to be inside the coordinates that I want?  For example, if I use the following, will that summon an arrow in that position?  /summon Arrow x y z   I want it to be summoned in a random X, Y, Z but at the same time within a specific position of four points:  {x1,y1,z1} & {x2,y2,z2} & {x3,y3,z3} & {x4,y4,z4}   How could I do this?


Is it wrong to use "All" when there are only two?

If there are two of something, can you say "all of" instead of "both of"?  For example, if an email is addressed to two people, and you start off with:     All,   This is to inform you, etc., etc.   ...   Regards,   Me   Is that at all appropriate?


How do I make my object look smooth without using the subdivision surface modifier?

Sorry if I phrase this incorrectly but I was following a tutorial for a character model (the link should be below, end of part 4 and beginning of part 5) and I don't understand how he got the body to look so smooth. I tried applying the subdivision surface modifier but it only made my object look flatter, like this: It originally looks like this in sculpt mode:  And like this in Object Mode: I want it to look smooth and not so blocky like in the tutorial:    Thank you for your help  P.S.: Sorry if I added too many pictures to get my point across. Also, I am a novice at Blender, and yes, I know, even without the blockiness of my character's body, it doesn't look like the one in the tutorial. I'm doing my best so please disregard that if you can.


It seems obvious, but how to prove it formally?

Let $f$ be a not decreasing, Lebesgue integrable function with finite integral over $[0,+\infty)$.  It seems obvious to me that $\lim_{b\rightarrow\infty}\int_b^{\infty}f(x)\,dx=0$ then.  But how can one very formally show it?  And assumption about monotonicity is crucial here, yes?


In Windows 7, is there a way to know how much memory a service is using?

In windows 7, is there a way (by using common interface or a custom utility) to know how much memory a specific windows service is using ?   It seems most services are hosted by svchost.exe processes ( some svchosts.exe processes seems to host tons of services). While it is possible to know which services are hosted by a specific process, I found no way to get information about how much memory a service take.


How should I run another program from within my C program? I need to be able to write data into STDIN of the launched program (and maybe read from it's STDOUT)  I am not sure if this is a standard C function. I need the solution that should work under Linux.


Adding weather radar data to leaflet from website

I am looking to add a specific layer from this website () to a leaflet map in R. I have tried the code below, but the data does not seem to add to the map. library(leaflet) url='https://www.iweathernet.com/total-rainfall-map-24-hours-to-72-hours' leaflet() %>%   addTiles() %>%   setView(lat=42,lng = -78,zoom=6) %>%   addWMSTiles(url,layers=0)  Note that I have changed the number to a few different options in: layers = 0  The website in question has 10 different base maps as options in a dropdown, in addition to 6 different times for retrospective weather data as a dropdown option.


How can I automate Blender's ability to focus on part of a model while modelling?

To be honest, it's dizzying to navigate yourself around the vertices you are trying to edit while quickly modelling something on the side, I know you can press . to pivot around it, but is there a setting that does this for you automatically so you wouldn't have to?   Also, how can you set this convenience for the Outliner, VSE, NLA, Timeline, Dope Sheet and Graph Editor too?


So recently I wrote a pretty long answer to a question on , the question I am referring to is: . The answer was relatively long and I was wanting to add a page jump to each letter to allow a user to just click on the letter they were wanting to see instead of having to scroll all the way down, which could take quite a while depending on the letter. I was trying to accomplish this using the href but it doesn't seem to work is there any way to create a page jump for my answer?


How can we refine this path search method to make group movement more elegant? I'm trying to make a RTS-style game, using a 2d tiled gameworld. I have implemented an A* pathfinding algorithm which works well enough for single units. I've also make some functionality to make agents walk around other agents they stumble across on their way.  Here is some of my code:  def move(self, agent, clickbox, nogolist):     impassable = []                                   impassable.extend(nogolist)     mapinfo1 = MapInfo(self.map_layout.finalsize,self.map_layout.finalsize,impassable)     graph, self.nodes = self.make_graph(mapinfo1)     paths = AStarGrid(graph)     for c in self.map_layout.all_map_objects:          if clickbox.box.collidepoint(c.checkpoint):             path = []             if len(agent.travel_list) > 1:                 v = agent.travel_list[1]                 start = self.nodes[v[0]][v[1]]             elif len(agent.travel_list) == 1:                 start = self.nodes[agent.grid_pos[0]][agent.grid_pos[1]]              end = self.nodes[c.gridnumber[0]][c.gridnumber[1]]                                  path = paths.search(start, end)             try:                 agent.target = self.convert_path(path)                                             agent.travel_list = self.waypoints((agent.grid_pos[0],agent.grid_pos[1]), path)             except:                 print 'road error'   When one or more agents are selected and the player right-clicks somewhere, self.move gets called on each agent individually, they are at this point still ignorant of other agents positions. The next part is where I try to have agents not walk over each other, or just stop if 'travel_list' only contains one more step, and another agent occupies it.  if not len(self.traveling_agents) == 0:     for a, b in combinations(self.agent_list, 2):                                 self.resolve(a, b, self.nogolist)                 self.resolve(b, a, self.nogolist)  def resolve(self, a, b, nogolist):     try:         if len(a.travel_list) > 1 and b.travel_list[0] == a.travel_list[-1]:             a.travel_list = a.travel_list[:-1]             a.target = a.target[:-1]             if a.travel_list[1] == b.travel_list[0]:                 self.traveling_agents.remove(a)         elif len(a.travel_list) > 1 and b.travel_list[0] == a.travel_list[1]:             path = []                         go = a.travel_list[0]             goal = a.travel_list[-1]             impassable = []             impassable.append(b.travel_list[0])                 impassable.extend(nogolist)             mapinfo1 = MapInfo(self.map_layout.finalsize,self.map_layout.finalsize,impassable)             graph, self.nodes = self.make_graph(mapinfo1)             paths = AStarGrid(graph)              start = self.nodes[go[0]][go[1]]              end = self.nodes[goal[0]][goal[1]]                             path = paths.search(start, end)             a.target = self.convert_path(path)             a.travel_list = self.waypoints((go[0],go[1]), path)             del impassable     except: a.stop()   This works reasonably well for solo agents encountering other stationary solo agents. But when moving in a group towards a common target, this method falls way short of what would be desired. What can we do to achieve smoother group movement like what is seen in some of those old school RTS games?  For some additional insight on my code, check my previous entry on implementing the A-star search algorithm:


Saving data on internal storage in Android, can't open File. Context is always null

The app wants to store data about a jump (length, height, time) Whenever I try to read my file I get this exception in the line "File directory = context.getFilesDir();"     java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method   'java.io.File android.content.Context.getFilesDir()' on a null object   reference"   I don't really know what to put in the context, so it's not null.  Thanks in advance!  public class Save {  static private String savedData; private static Context context; static String stringJump;  public static void Save(Jump jump) {     savedData += jump.getLength() + " ";     savedData += jump.getHeight() + " ";     savedData += jump.getTime() + " ";     FileOutputStream outputStream;     String filename = "savedJump";      try {         outputStream = context.openFileOutput(filename, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);         outputStream.write(savedData.getBytes());         outputStream.close();     } catch (Exception e) {         e.printStackTrace();     }     stringJump = read_file(context, filename);     Toast.makeText(context, stringJump, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }   public static String read_file(Context context, String filename) {     File directory = context.getFilesDir();     File file = new File(directory, filename);     return file.toString(); }   }


There's a bug in the Android app where a comment can be typed in but not posted, meaning the post button does nothing and I have to back out of the question and go back in to post the comment. This definitely happens when the screen rotates, and also other times but I haven't identified them exactly.  I have version 1.0.78.  Edit: This had stopped happening but now started happening again when I updated to Android 6.0.1, now with version 1.0.85.


Is there a word to describe someone who disagrees with people just to be different?

I have a friend who always changes their mind depending on what others say just so he can be different and stand out, I've heard someone call it something before (I think I have, anyway) is there a name for this type of behavior?


How can I wire an event to fire if someone presses the letter g?  (Where is the character map for all the letters BTW?)


Question is from my lecture notes. What will I show? It is clear, isn't it?  So, $5\mathbb{N}+3\mathbb{N}$={$5n_{1}+3n_{2}$:$n_{1},n_{2} \in\mathbb{N}$}={$0,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,...$}.


Issues connecting to friend's Minecraft server with hamachi

My friend and I have Hamachi. We're in the same network, but no matter how hard I try I am never able to join his server. All it says is:     io.netty.channel.AbstractChannel$AnnotatedConnectException: Connection timed out: no further information    Is there any way I can fix this, so I can play with my friend on his server?


Evaluating $\lim_{n\to \infty} \sum_{r=1}^{n}\frac{r}{n^2+n+r}$

The motive is to evaluate the following limit:  $$\lim_{n\to \infty}\sum_{r=1}^{n} \frac{r}{n^2 + n + r}$$  I wrote it as   $$ \lim_{n\to \infty}\sum_{r=1}^{n}\frac{r/n}{1 + 1/n + r/n^2} \approx ^{?} \int_{0} ^{1} x \, dx  = \frac{1}{2}$$  Now is this correct? Doesn't seem very correct to me. Thanks for your thoughts :)    Oliver Oloa gave a hint on Sandwich theorem but removed answer.  $$\sum_{r=1}^{n} \frac{r}{n^2 + n + n} \le \sum_{r=1}^{n} \frac{r}{n^2 + n + r} \le \sum_{r=1}^{n} \frac{r}{n^2 + n + 1}$$  Using this I think we get $1/2 \le L \le 1/2$ so limit is $1/2$.


Can moderators see who downvotes their answers in main sites (not meta)?

Hypothetical situation: A moderator of a site posts a terrible answer in the main (not meta) site they are a moderator of. Can they see the identities of people who downvote it?


Is there a term to describe inquisitiveness with a negative connotation?

This is basically the opposite of   I'm not looking for an antonym. I'm looking for a synonym for inquisitive or curious that is more negative, like the second definition here:   I realize that this is a secondary definition of inquisitive itself, but in common usage the term is used in either a positive or neutral tone. The second definition is not usually inferred in written language.  The phrase might be "Asking too many questions might make you seem _____ to a potential employer". Currently I'm using "overly inquisitive" but it feels redundant based on the true second definition of inquisitive.  EDIT: The suggested duplicate is slang which is not what I'm looking for. See  which also notes the issue with "inquisitive" and the need for the redundant "overly" modifier.


I have this:
Company Name
   Using the following RegEx I could grab the url part:  (?<=
)   I want to get the url without "amp;" section. So the result would be like:  /page.asp?dac=all&num=266   How should I do that?


What is the proper way to set SELinux context in an RPM .spec?

I am trying to build an RPM that targets RHEL4 and 5. Right now I call chcon from %post but multiple Google entries say "that's not how you are supposed to do it" with very limited help on the right way. I've also noticed that fixfiles -R mypackage check says the files are wrong when they are right (as expected; the RPM DB doesn't realize what I want)..   I specifically say RHEL4 because it does not have semanage which seems to be one of the proper ways to do it. (Add a new policy and then run restorecon on your directories in %post.)   I also don't need my own context, just httpd_cache_t on a non-standard directory.  I have also seen "let cpio take care of it" - but then I have a new problem that a non-root RPM building user cannot run chcon on the build directories. I cheated and had sudo in the spec file but that didn't seem to matter anyway.


I will have booked s flight from Los Angeles to Düsseldorf via Newark. What happens with the baggage? Do I have to pick it up in Newark? And do I have to leave the security area in Newark?