Ubuntu 16.04 hangs on splash screen during boot

Basic System specs:   Samsung SSD 500GB CPU: Intel i5-7500  RAM: 16GB GPU: NVIDIA GeForce GTX1080 Currently configured to Dual Boot with Windows 10 64bit, but Windows boots without any havoc.   Issue:  Ubuntu 16.04 hangs in boot splash screen indefinitely, but after trying to fix it, now it successfully boots into shell mode. In addition, even pressing on ESC when it hangs doesn't display any logs.  So I couldn't see the boot log other than SSHing into my desktop, and open /var/log/boot.log  Here's what I got, while it was hanging:  [  OK  ] Started Network Manager Wait Online. [  OK  ] Reached target Network is Online. [  OK  ] Started Daily apt download activities. [  OK  ] Started Daily apt upgrade and clean activities. [  OK  ] Reached target Timers. [  OK  ] Started crash report submission daemon.          Starting /etc/rc.local Compatibility... [  OK  ] Started /etc/rc.local Compatibility.          Starting Terminate Plymouth Boot Screen...          Starting Hold until boot process finishes up...   I also tried dmesg | less after numerous googling to view the boot logs, and encountered into this at the end of it:  [    2.604476] random: crng init done [    2.631750] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): enp2s0: link is not ready [    2.651404] r8169 0000:02:00.0 enp2s0: link down [    2.651432] r8169 0000:02:00.0 enp2s0: link down [    2.651488] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): enp2s0: link is not ready [    2.691320] NVRM: Your system is not currently configured to drive a VGA console                on the primary VGA device. The NVIDIA Linux graphics driver                requires the use of a text-mode VGA console. Use of other console                drivers including, but not limited to, vesafb, may result in                corruption and stability problems, and is not supported. [    2.861207] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=3 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.1/sound/card1/input14 [    2.861248] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=7 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.1/sound/card1/input15 [    2.861281] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=8 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.1/sound/card1/input16 [    2.861312] input: HDA NVidia HDMI/DP,pcm=9 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.1/sound/card1/input17 [    5.426350] r8169 0000:02:00.0 enp2s0: link up [    5.426356] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): enp2s0: link becomes ready   It seems like there is an issue with the NVIDIA card as I initially thought.  What I have done to fix this problem:   Update GRUB   Went to recovery mode and open terminal Changed the boot mode from quiet splash to acpi=force to force the boot into shell, now I rolled that back. cat /etc/X11/default-display-manager reveals lightdm as the default.  Update Intel video card driver I tried using boot-repair to fix grub issues, and the results are as such on pastebin:    What I might have done to cause this problem:   sudo service lightdm stop   In an effort to attempt controlling the GPU fan headlessly. But I ran sudo service lightdm restart Now I believe lightdm doesn't start up at boot. Here is the  I followed to control GPU fan remotely  sudo service lightdm restart   I tried restarting lightdm, and it does give me some positive output which is the login screen, but I can't do anything here as it is still frozen.  I try typing stuff on the keyboard but nothing shows up.    Can someone please help me figure this out??? I am really clueless and about to cry....


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Show that $\sum\limits_n1/x_{n}^{2} = 1/10$ where $x_{n}$ is the $n^{\text{th}}$ positive root of $\tan x = x$

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Is there a limit to how high you can go in Minecraft?

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I recently dual booted my windows with Ubuntu. No WiFi networks are visible and WiFi settings are non existent

I had Windows 10 on my machine and WiFi used to work fine. A few days ago, I dual booted it with Ubuntu 16.04. The WiFi continues to work in Windows but when I am using Ubuntu, I can't see any available WiFi networks or WiFi settings or anything else of the sort. I tried going to the additional drivers option and applying the Broadcom drive but even that didn't solve the problem. What should I do to get my WiFi working?  Output of lspci -knn | grep Net -A2  03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Limited BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [14e4:4365] (rev 01)     Subsystem: Lite-On Communications Inc BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [11ad:6605]     Kernel modules: wl   When I did what was suggested in the linked answer, this happened:   sudo dpkg -i *.deb  dpkg: warning: downgrading bcmwl-kernel-source from 6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu1~1.1 to 6.30.223.248+bdcom-0ubuntu0.2 (Reading database ... 241561 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.248+bdcom-0ubuntu0.2_amd64.deb ... Removing all DKMS Modules Done. Unpacking bcmwl-kernel-source (6.30.223.248+bdcom-0ubuntu0.2) over (6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu1~1.1) ... Preparing to unpack bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu1~1.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking bcmwl-kernel-source (6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu1~1.1) over (6.30.223.248+bdcom-0ubuntu0.2) ... Preparing to unpack dkms_2.2.0.3-2ubuntu11.3_all.deb ... Unpacking dkms (2.2.0.3-2ubuntu11.3) over (2.2.0.3-2ubuntu11.3) ... More than one copy of package bcmwl-kernel-source has been unpacked  in this run !  Only configuring it once. Setting up dkms (2.2.0.3-2ubuntu11.3) ... Setting up bcmwl-kernel-source (6.30.223.271+bdcom-0ubuntu1~1.1) ... Loading new bcmwl-6.30.223.271+bdcom DKMS files... Building only for 4.8.0-52-generic Building for architecture x86_64 Building initial module for 4.8.0-52-generic Done.  wl: Running module version sanity check.  - Original module    - No original module exists within this kernel  - Installation    - Installing to /lib/modules/4.8.0-52-generic/updates/dkms/  depmod....  DKMS: install completed. modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'wl': Required key not available update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ... Processing triggers for shim-signed (1.27~16.04.1+0.9+1474479173.6c180c6-1ubuntu1) ... The Secure Boot policy was already changed since last reboot; nothing to do. Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.122ubuntu8.8) ... update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.8.0-52-generic W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_dmc_ver1_01.bin for module i915


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The set of functions which map convergent series to convergent series

Suppose $f$ is some real function with the above property, i.e.  if $\sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {x_n}$ converges, then $\sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {f(x_n)}$ also converges.   My question is: can anything interesting be said regarding the behavior of such a function close to $0$, other than the fact that $f(0)=0$?


Show that 13 is the largest prime which divides two consecutive terms of $n^2 + 3$.   The integers are $39$ and $52$. First of all, I set the variable for the number as $k$. So, $k|n^2 +3$ and $k|n^2 + 2n+ 4$ which imply that $k|2n+1$. $n=6$ over here. And the fact that 13 is the largest 'prime' makes me feel it is hard to prove. That's all I have managed to get. I need a few hints to set me in the right direction. Thanks.


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While watching  play for the gold medal in London 2012, I noticed Williams was going about her business while Sharapova was grunting each time she hit the ball.  After doing some , grunting in tennis dates back to 1962. Although men grunt, women draw more attention due to their high-pitched grunts. In addition, there is an initiative to eliminate excess grunts in the next generation of tennis players.  Another quote from said research says:     "I have not found in my 32 years anybody who says grunting or not   grunting has an empirically positive or negative effect on performance   -- it's all about belief system."   What is this "belief system?"  If grunting is not related to performance, why do tennis players do it excessively?


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Let $F(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$ be the vector space of all functions from $\mathbb{R}$ to $\mathbb{R}$. Prove that for all $n\in\mathbb{N}$, the set of vectors $$\left\{sin(x), sin(2x),sin(2^2x),\dots,sin(2^nx)\right\}$$   form a linearly independent subset of $F(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$.  I know that to form a linearly independent subset the set must be closed under addition, closed under scalar multiplication, and contain the neutral element.  Showing that it contains the neutral element is relativley straight forward since when $x=0$ every element also equals $0$. Therefore this subset contains the neutral element. However, I am having a hard time coming up with a way to approach the parts showing that it is closed under scalar multiplication and addition for all $x$. Do you have a piece of advice or a hint on how to approach those part?


Proving that a function has a removable singularity at infinity

I'm having trouble with the following exercise from Ahlfors' text (not homework)  "If $f(z)$ is analytic in a neighborhood of $\infty$ and if $z^{-1} \Re f(z) \to0$ as $z \to \infty$, show that $\lim_{z \to \infty} f(z)$ exists. (In other words, the isolated singularity at $\infty$ is removable)  Hint: Show first, by use of Cauchy's integral formula, that $f = f_1 +f_2$ where $f_1(z) \to 0$ for $z \to \infty$ and $f_2(z)$ is analytic in the whole plane.  My attempt:  $f$ is analytic in the exterior of some disk $\{|z|\geq R_0 \}$. For large enough $|z|$ the circle $C_1(z)$ around $z$ with radius one lies in the domain of analyticity, and we can apply Cauchy's integral formula:  $$f(z)=\frac{1}{2\pi i}\oint_{C_1(z)}\frac{f(\zeta)}{\zeta-z} \mathrm{d} \zeta=\frac{1}{2 \pi i} \oint_{C_1(z)}\frac{\Re f(\zeta)}{\zeta-z} \mathrm{d} \zeta+\frac{1}{2\pi} \oint_{C_1(z)}\frac{\Im f(\zeta)}{\zeta-z} \mathrm{d} \zeta. $$ I want to say that the last expression is exactly the decomposition $f_1+f_2$. Indeed, using Cauchy's estimate (and the fact about the real part) one can show that the first integral tends to zero for large $|z|$, but I can't understand how to define the other one for all $z \in \mathbb C$.  In fact, even if I have such a decomposition, I don't think that it will suffice: For instance $f(z)=f_1(z)+f_2(z)$ with $f_1(z)=0,f_2(z)=\exp(z)$ has an essential singularity at $\infty$.  Thank you for any directions.


How can I randomize a numerical value for a node? Is there any one node, or combination of nodes that can achieve this effect?


What is it called when people use words like ur and u in place of your, and you?

And why do people say it's lazy and bad? Why do people call others stupid for it, when it's intentional and I don't really think its wrong in casual conversations through text (obviously not speech)  I didn't really know what to tag it as since  I am ignorant.


The reputation graph seems broken when using latest Chrome:    The overview at the bottom does not display correctly when opening any user rep graph. It works with Firefox though.


What is the difference between bludgeoning and piercing damage?

Based off of this question,  ""  That question dealt with the difference between types of damage such as fire, cold, and lightning, and what the point of using a spell that deals a certain damage is when another spell of a different element deals more damage. My question is specifically about weapons. In 5e, unless the weapon is magical, it deals either bludgeoning, slashing, or piercing damage. Is there ever a situation in which the type of damage a weapon deals has some sort of mechanical benefit? I can't remember seeing a monster in the Monster Manual that is weak to one type of damage but not another. Most entries that mention any of those types of damage typically say that the monster resists "bludgeoning, piercing, and slashing from non-magical weapons," or something to that effect; there's no entries I can remember that specifically mention one type but not the others. Are there any monsters that are vulnerable or resistant to one of those damage types but not the other two? Or spells, such as walls, that can be countered more effectively with one rather than the other?


$\sum a_n$ converges $\implies\ \sum \sqrt{a_na_{n+1}}$ converges?

Let $a_n > 0.$ When $\sum a_n$ converges $\sum \sqrt{a_n a_{n+1}}$ converges or not? For, $$\frac{\sqrt{a_n a_{n+1}}}{a_n}=\frac {\sqrt{a_{n+1}}} {\sqrt{a_n}}$$ $\because$ By comparison test $\sum \sqrt{a_n}$ converges, $$\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac {\sqrt{a_{n+1}}} {\sqrt{a_n}}=1\neq0$$ Therefore by limit comparison test $\sum \sqrt{a_n a_{n+1}}$ converges. Is this proof correct? Corrections will be greatly appreciated...


In my topology class we proved that $\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}$ $\cong$ $\mathbb{R}^2$, when $\mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{R}^2$ has the metric topology and $\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}$ has the standard topology. When we did the proof mye professor said that it was enough to show that if U$\times$V was open in $\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}$ then U$\times$V is open in $\mathbb{R}^2$ as well. And then to show that if V was open in $\mathbb{R}^2$ then V was open in $\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}$ as well. I do not understand how this is enough to show homeomrphism, how ever i'am guessing it might have something to do with the fact that a homeomorphism is a bijection where f(U) is open when U is open?  Also could you prove this by defining f: $\mathbb{R}^2$ $\rightarrow$ $\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}$, f(a,b)$\rightarrow$ a$\times$b? and then showed that f$\circ$ $f^{-1}$ is the identety map?


Safely remove a USB drive using bat file

I would like to be able to programmatically safely remove a USB drive, given a drive letter. This is actually to be implemented in an application, but I figured that if it can be done using a batch script, I can easily transfer it to code.  The only twist is that I do not want to include any third party applications or anything, so if anyone can show me how to use diskpart or anything alternative I would be grateful.


Windows 10 disappeared (but I can see my files are still there) boot after I installed Ubuntu

My Windows 10 is gone after I tried to dual boot Ubuntu and Windows. It won't show up anywhere in the grub menu but I can still see it in my file manager where it says Windows 10 and all the files are there so I think it is still there.   I ran the repair tool and am at the end now where it says configuring grub-pc. I just don't know which of these to mark for my GRUB install devices, should I mark 2 or just one? I know my Windows partition should be in the first one, but when installing Ubuntu, I installed it in the 1TB hard drive. So now, do I select two or just one? Help please!! All my school stuff is in the Windows partition!  The options are  [] /dev/sda (256060 MB; SanDisk_SD6SB1M-256G-1006) [] /dev/sdb (1000204 MB; HGST_HTS721010A9E630) [] - /dev/sdb5 (166897 MB; /) [] /dev/sdc (64016 MB; Cruzer_Glide)   The Windows partition also still shows on Gparted.


if $\mathbb A \ne \emptyset$, then $\{a \in \bigcup \mathbb A | \forall A \in \mathbb A\ : a \in A \}$ is also a set?

I am working with the following set of axioms:  1) There is a set.  2) Two sets are equal iff they contain equal elements.  3) if $A$ is a set and $p(x)$ is a set property (e.g. $x = x$), then $\{a \in A : p(a)\}$ is also a set.  4) if $A$ and $B$ are sets, then there is a set which contains only elements of $A$ and $B$.  5) if $\mathbb A$ a set, then $\bigcup \mathbb A :=\{a | \exists A \in \mathbb A : a \in A\}$ is also a set.  6) For each set there is its power set.   I my lecture it was claimed that if $\mathbb A \ne \emptyset$, then $\{a \in \bigcup \mathbb A | \forall A \in \mathbb A\ : a \in A \}$ is also a set.   I am not sure why do we require that $\mathbb A \ne \emptyset$.    Indeed, the fact that $\{a \in \bigcup \mathbb A | \forall A \in \mathbb A\ : a \in A \}$ is a set follows directly from 3 and 5 without the requirement.


I've seen many questions posted about AUC but I'm still struggling to understand.   I see this definition for AUC everywhere "The AUC is an estimate of the probability that a classifier will rank a randomly chosen positive instance higher than a randomly chosen negative instance."   What does the keyword "rank" mean?  Is AUC essentially a performance measure that measures how well a model can predict a binomial classification as being one class or another, whilst making minimal amount of classification error?  If that is pretty much the definition, then would that mean if your sensitivity and specificity are high (e.g. both are higher than say 80%) then AUC is likely to be high also?  Let's say I'm building a model that's trying to classify whether something is a cat or dog. Could someone explain the concept of AUC and relate it to this example?


Are circular references in Java objects bad?

I was working on some code recently. Here's the gist -   class Student {    private String name;    private List<Performance> performances; }  class Performance {    private Student student;    private List<Integer> perfData; }   Student & Performance have a circular dependency. Is this bad? How do we prevent / break this up without losing the ability to find all performances of a Student and given a Performance map it back to a Student.


How to convert "Y/m/d h:i A" format date and time to timestamp

how can i convert 2016/02/12 09:00 PM format date and time to Unix timestamp.Thanks in advance


Find the max and min of $f(x) = x^5 -x^4+x^2-x$

I get $5x^4-4x^3+2x-1$ for the derivative but I am not sure what to do after. The teacher told us that we would have to use Newton's method to solve the problem.


How were 'eyes' and '-ies' pronounced in Shakespeare's times?

Reading through 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' I've noticed that Shakespeare repeatedly rhymed 'eyes' with some of the words ending with '-ies' (e.g. 'companies', 'qualities'). Obviously that means that the pronunciation of these words must've changed, but the question remains - which ones? 'Eyes'? '-ies'? Both?


When I type * or \ast in LaTeX, it looks like this:    When I see other papers involving "Kleene closure", the asterisk looks like:    How do I obtain the second symbol? Searching for "Kleene star" or "Kleene closure" didn't yield any results.  EDIT:   The \ast symbol is overridden by the mnsymbol library. How can I tell it to use the default symbol but still keep the rest of the package for its other symbols?


I would like to use multiple textures to paint both sides of a mirror modifier. The idea is to paint one side of the mirror modifier, and duplicate it with the text flipped.  The problem is that when I apply my mirror modifier, the texture is still mirrored with no indication of where the other half of the texture is getting its data from.  How can I use two different images to texture the object? Is there a better way, such as mirroring the entire object EXCEPT for the text? If so, how would that be done?


C++ No viable conversion from string to const char *

I'm using C++ (using CERN's ROOT framework) and I'm having a little problem with strings.  I'm trying to label a histogram axis using a string defined by the user earlier in the code.  Here are the relevant parts of the code:  string xlabel;  ... cout << "Enter x-axis label:" << endl; getline(cin >> ws, xlabel);  ...  hist->GetXaxis()->SetTitle(xlabel);   Where the last line is just syntax that ROOT uses (usually xlabel here would be in quotation marks and you can type in what you want the label to be, but I am trying to input the string defined earlier in the code.)  Anyway, when I compile this, I get the following error:  error: no viable conversion from 'string'       (aka 'basic_string<char>') to 'const char *'         hist->GetXaxis()->SetTitle(xlabel);                                    ^~~~~~   I have tried re-defining xlabel as a const char * but it didn't like that either.   Does anyone have any suggestions on how I could define this string?  Thanks in advance!


non-uniform scale and vector mapping in blender uv unwrapping

Hi i am trying to apply some bump maps and normal maps to a floor in my scene but when i uv unwrap it blender warns of non-uniform scale and i think because of that Vector Mapping is resulting in some wired shape


On Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS  Pulseaudio causes Xorg to use 100% CPU.  After disabling autospawn in /etc/pulse/client.conf and killing pulseaudio CPU immediately drops to acceptable level. After restarting pulseaudio Xorg returns to 100% CPU.  pulseaudio --kill pulseaudio --start   Installed versions:  pulseaudio 1:8.0-0ubuntu3.7 xorg       1:7.7+13ubuntu3 nvidia-390 390.30-0ubuntu1    How to fix this?


Appendix header and references in sections

I am trying to use Appendix for some proofs in the thesis. The appendix looks like this:  \chapter{Proofs for Chapter ABC}  \section{Proof of \thmref{thm:some_theorem}}   While the "Proofs for Chapter ABC" shows up correctly, the proof section seems to mess up the appendix header (see image). I double checked and the reference is correct. Any reason why it might be the case ?


Creating multiple password protected shares in Samba

So I've recently installed Ubuntu 13.04 onto a small home server build, and now I'm in a situation I can't quite figure out. I have 2x2TB hard drives (not in RAID) that I'm using for backups. Basically what I'm trying to do is have four folders in one of the drives and share each folder. Also, I'd like to share them with a password so that when they map the folder as a network drive in Windows, only they can access it. However, my user account in Ubuntu will only allow me to use my account for one password protected share in Samba. Does anyone know how I can use Samba or something similar so that I can use one Ubuntu/Samba user but on multiple shares? I'm not very familiar with Linux systems in general, but I have at least a grasp on some of the basic concepts, so the simpler the explanation the better. Thanks ahead. :)


How to remove one or all auto-complete text entries in Chrome?

Ok... so this is embarrassing.  I typed in "boobs" on EncyclopediaDramatica's search because, well, it's a really funny page.  But now I've got a problem... EVERY TIME I click a search field in Chrome now, it shows "boobs" as the first suggestion in the drop down!  This is not really socially acceptable as this laptop goes with me everywhere and Chrome is my primary browser.  Is there a way I can isolate and remove just that one entry?


If a user asks for upvotes in the comments in Stack Overflow will it be considered as an ABUSE? CONTEXT: A user answered my question and I accepted the answer but didn't upvote. Then they commented,  "Consider upvoting if you found my answer helpful".  I was wondering if asking them (in the comments) to upvote my question in return to the upvote that I make in their answer, would be considered as an abuse.


Why are article sometimes omitted with words such as "legendary" and "British"?

I noticed that the definite article is sometimes omitted with the word "legendary":  A collaboration between legendary game designer Richard Garfield and Valve, Artifact offers the deepest gameplay and the highest-fidelity experience ever seen in a trading card game. () The Bellezza Nera and its sister model, the all white Bellezza Blanco, are the result of a particularly unusual collaboration between legendary British guitarist Eric Clapton and Japanese trendsetter Hiroshi Fujiwara. (Robert Shaw. Hand Made, Hand Played: The Art & Craft of Contemporary Guitars.)  Furthermore, as user user150719 correctly indicated in a comment to  the indefinite article is sometimes dropped before nationalities, e.g. the seconds example above or:  The story would open in 1969, when Cobham met British guitarist John McLaughlin in the seminal fusion band of Miles Davis ()  Google agrees with this article-less use showing over 100 results for "met British guitarist" but only 4 for "met a British guitarist." I'd like to know why these omissions take place. Is there any grammar rule that covers these cases?


Which LaTeX compiler supports best writing a thesis? Which one provides the best compatibility with commonly used classes and packages?  The compilers that I frequently use are:   latex pdflatex   Examples of classes I use to write a thesis are:   memoir report scrrprt   The packages I most frequently used are:   environ, etoolbox, calc geometry, changepage amsmath, amsthm, amssymb, bbm, mathtools colorx longtable, multicol graphicx, graphics, placeins, grffile, epstopdf, psfrag wrapfig tikz, pstricks, pgfplots pdfpages siunits glossaries hyperref


Can the Phantasmal Killer spell be cast on a target on the other side of a Wall of Force?

Wizard 1 casts  which surrounds Wizard 2. Now both wizards have full cover against each other. For example, now they cannot cast fireball against each other, because "nothing can physically pass through the wall" per its rules.  But what about ? From description:     You tap into the nightmares of a creature you can see within range and create an illusory manifestation of its deepest fears, visible only to that creature   I think wall of force does not help against phantasmal killer because nothing is physically passing through the wall, but I wanted to confirm if that's how RAW works here.


Proving the asymptotic of $\int_0^\infty\frac{\sin x}{x^{a+1}}\,dx$ for $a \to 0^+$ is $\pi/2$

I am working on finding the asymptotic of $\int_0^\infty\frac{\cos x}{x^a} \, dx$ for $a\to0^+$. And I have reduced the problem on finding the asymptotic of $a\int_0^\infty\frac{\sin x}{x^{a+1}} \,d x$. The result is known to be $a\pi/2$ if $a\to0^+$ and there is my proof. $$a\int_0^\infty\frac{\sin x}{x^{a+1}} \,dx = a\int_0^{\pi/2}\frac{\sin x}{x^{a+1}} \, dx + a\int_{\pi/2}^\infty\frac{\sin x}{x^{a+1}} \, dx$$ On the other hand $a\int_0^{\pi/2}\frac{\sin x}{x^{a+1}}\,dx$ behaves as $a\pi/2$ and $a\int_{\pi/2}^\infty\frac{\sin x}{x^{a+1}} \, dx  = O(1)$. However the problem is that $a\pi/2$ is way smaller that $1$. Any suggestions would be appreciated.


I've ran into a weird issue here. I have a dataframe df like below:  In [1561]: df Out[1561]:        A     B 0  16.3  1.10 1  23.2  1.33 2  10.7 -0.43 3   5.7 -2.01 4   5.4 -1.86 5  23.5  3.14   I'm comparing every two adjacent rows of column A and storing the difference in a new column:  In [1562]: df['new_diff'] = (df.A - df.A.shift(-1)).fillna(0) In [1563]: df Out[1563]:        A     B  new_diff 0  16.3  1.10      -6.9 1  23.2  1.33      12.5 2  10.7 -0.43       5.0 3   5.7 -2.01       0.3 4   5.4 -1.86     -18.1 5  23.5  3.14       0.0   When I do a check to find out rows where new_diff is 5.0, I get an empty dataframe. But, it works fine when I do a check on < 5.0 or > 5.0. See below:  In [1567]: df[df['new_diff'] == 5.0] Out[1567]:  Empty DataFrame Columns: [A, B, new_diff] Index: []  In [1568]: df[df['new_diff'] > 5.0] Out[1568]:        A     B  new_diff  1  23.2  1.33      12.5    In [1569]: df[df['new_diff'] < 5.0] Out[1569]:        A     B  new_diff 0  16.3  1.10      -6.9 2  10.7 -0.43       5.0 3   5.7 -2.01       0.3 4   5.4 -1.86     -18.1 5  23.5  3.14       0.0   Please let me know what am I missing here?


UK visa refusal wrong reason, who to contact

Hello i hope some can help, I will try to be brief.  My girlfriend applied for a tourist visa for UK from Ukraine with me giving full sponsorship. When she went to visa centre 4 hours before her appointment to get her paperwork translated (even thou i told her to get this done somewhere else a friend advised her to do it at Visa ctr) she was told no need as "my" documents were the important ones and her application was taken then and there.   Her Visa was refused but the main reason states because she has no dependants but it clearly states in her application she has a 4 yr old boy and she would obviously (in most cases anyway) want to return to him.   We have met 4 times this year with me flying to Ukraine and also we went to Greece for holiday and after refusal we went to Gdansk, Poland for a week.   Is there anyone i can contact about this just to have another look at it, i have read on here about contacting the Embassy is that the Embassy in Kiev and if so how or has anyone any better advice?


Checking for a file and whether it is readable and writable

I'm trying to write a script that will look for a certain .txt file saved to my desktop.  I want the script to be able to check if this file exists and then check to see if it is readable and writable.  Any hints?


I am trying to upgrade to LTS 16.04 and not having any luck. I am following this guide on Ask Ubuntu:  mblanco@mblanco-MS-7680:~$ sudo do-release-upgrade [sudo] password for mblanco:  Checking for a new Ubuntu release No new release found  I think it might have to be associated with the sources I use for updates which are Canonical Partner, but I am not sure.


I hope this question isn't perceived the wrong way.  I am sincerely interested in hearing some of your thoughts about the title of this post.  Sometimes, answering a question on Stack Overflow is an exercise in speed as well as accuracy.  If you see a question that isn't answered yet, or doesn't have the correct answer yet, and you attempt to answer it, you have to move very quickly, because there is lots of competition out there and answers get posted fast!  The consequences are obvious; if you get beat to the punch, you don't get points/credit, which is the "incentive" for answering (as Joel knows all too well).  I'm not a very active user yet, but I have already gotten frustrated.  However, I see this "game" as good and bad.  In the past, I viewed accuracy part as being important.  I enjoy the challenge obtaining accuracy and I often have the patience to do so.  But obviously speed is also important, and it absolutely adds to the challenge.  I can already see playing the Stack Overflow "game" as helping to sharpen my speed skills.  Nevertheless, after all that, it's also alarming that questions you answer can be closed to new answers while you are entering your last few key strokes, or even deleted entirely!!  What do you think?


Since $16 \div{-3} = -5.\overline{3}$, I thought I could also express this as $16 \div{-3} = -5\:R\:1$ or in other words $16\mod{-3} = 1$. My calculator tells my it is in fact $-2$.  Along the same lines, I see that $-16\mod{3} = 2$. So, while the true answer evaluates to $-5.\overline{3}$ again, the "remained notation" is $-6\:R\:2$ here, and $-6\:R\:-2$ in the first example.  Why do we go "past" $15$ to $18$ (or in the second example, past $-15$ to $-18$) and calculate the remainder from there?  Further warping my brain, $-16\mod{-3} = -1$, so it looks like we "stop" at $-15$ in this example.


Question about notation of subgroups of $S_3$

sorry if this is a basic question, but I was reading about the permutation group $S_3$, and I read that it has three subgroups: $\langle y\rangle$, $\langle xy\rangle$, $\langle x^2y\rangle$ of order 2 and $\langle x\rangle$ of order 3.   Can someone mention which subgroups these are, and how to determine their order? are any of these groups normal?


The all too frequent conundrum involving "who" and "whom"

Sir Reginald Wingate, a British general, is said to have described the Bedouin as “.”  ?  Google search for "most of who have" returns about 2,70,00,000 results. While a similar search for "most of whom have" returns about About 70,20,000 results. I understand though, from , that a more reliable approach would be to either consult the  or .  The problem with the sentence fragment is that it does not sound right substituting "who"/"whom" with "he"/"him".


I'm a bitcoin miner and my pc unfortunately doesn't support gpu mining (keeps crashing my drivers) so I use cpu mining. However, is keeping my cpu on %100 dangerous? I have a dell inspiron 3542 with i5-4210U. (1,7 to 2,7 ghz)


I encountered a  for a question without tags.      A question without tags? Suspicious... Aha - a review audit!


I have prepared a tool using ModelBuilder. The tool mask the raster data using the selected feature layer. It works perfectly fine in ArcGIS Desktop but when I publish it to the server and uses it for the same analysis I get an error saying that the raster file is invalid. I tried even with another dataset but it also resulted in same error


Is there any way to give more (or less) weight to words in a Google search?

Sometimes I may prefer results that have a certain term:     resize image bookmarklet +chrome   In this example, I want a bookmarklet to resize images. Preferably, I want one that works in chrome, however the term "chrome" isn't required... it's just "nice to have."  Other times I want to exclude a word:     Apple contact sync -iPhone   Here I'm looking for a way to sync contacts but not to the iPhone.  The problem with this query is that it will exclude all pages that have the word "iPhone" anywhere. Now, imagine a blog or site has the exact information I want, but it's excluded from the results since it has a "links" side bar which has the word "iPhone" in it. Basically I want the main content of the page to not include the word "iPhone", or even if it does, to not be the main focus of the content.  Update:  Here's an example you can try it out on:   If you use the search query , you will get the result . Now if you add  to the query, the result will no longer appear. You will notice that the linked page has the word "iPhone" mentioned only once on the page and its not even in the main article's text (it's on the bottom in the Popular topics section).   (I'll try to find better examples... if you can think of any please let me know.)


Determine user if the user has a pending request

I have Leave Form that is created in InfoPath and Published it to sharepoint 2013.  My task is to determine if the user/employee has a Pending Leave request and not allowing the user/employee to create new one if the request is not completed.  Could this be possible? Hope someone could help me. Thanks in advance


What Topology does a Straight Line in the Plane Inherit as a Subspace of $\mathbb{R_l} \times \mathbb{R}$ and of $\mathbb{R_l} \times \mathbb{R_l}$

Given a straight line in the plane, what topology does this straight line inherit as a subspace of $\mathbb{R_l} \times \mathbb{R}$ and as a subspace of $\mathbb{R_l} \times \mathbb{R_l}$, where $\mathbb{R_l}$ is the lower limit topology?  So trying to figure this out definitely made my brain hurt.  I believe that as a subspace of $\mathbb{R_l} \times \mathbb{R}$, all non-vertical straight lines just inherit the lower limit topology $\mathbb{R_l}$, while vertical lines inherit the standard topology on $\mathbb{R}$.  As for $\mathbb{R_l} \times \mathbb{R_l}$, as far as I can tell, the only difference is that now all straight lines, including vertical ones, inherit the lower limit topology.  My reasoning was basically that for $\mathbb{R_l} \times \mathbb{R}$, open sets on the line all have an initial left end point, since the x-coordinate of this left end point is always captured by the open sets [a,b) in $\mathbb{R_l}$, and this in turn drags the y-coordinate of the initial left end point along for the ride (so to speak).  This is true in all but the vertical line case where there is no shift in the horizontal direction and thus the topology is inherited strictly from $\mathbb{R}$.  As for $\mathbb{R_l} \times \mathbb{R_l}$ it's basically the same argument except now the vertical lines inherit from $\mathbb{R_l}$ as well.  Can someone let me know whether I've reasoned correctly?  Thanks.


Does anyone know if it's possible to include a range in a switch statement (and if so, how)?    For example:  switch (x) {    case 1:      //do something      break;    case 2..8:      //do something else      break;    default:      break; }   The compiler doesn't seem to like this kind of syntax - neither does it like:  case <= 8:


This question has already been asked before, but the answer to that question was the normal force is not conservative because it does no work.   However, a different user asked the question "is it possible for the normal force to do work," and one of the answers stated that it could do work in the instance of an elevator accelerating upwards.   So... can the normal force do work? And if the elevator example is in fact an example of the normal force doing work, is the normal force conservative?  Edit: I can see why many of you are marking this question as a duplicate (because the question titles are very similar), but please read again. As I explained, the answers to one of the questions I mentioned either were incorrect, did not take something into account, or my understanding of the concept is completely wrong. It would be much appreciated if someone could leave an answer.


Blender uniform Bezier curve without using its shape

Ok, I Don't know how to properly express what I'm looking for, but I'll try:  I have a BEZIER curve like this:    My problem is that in edit mode, the distance from the resolution points isn't constant:    I need to use this curve to animate a follow-path constraint, and the non uniform points lenght results in an unsmooth animation. I already looked at this question:   But it was asked and answered more than 1.5 years ago. Is there anyway in the new versions of blender to do it? It's alright to create new verts too but the important thing is that the curve doesn't lose its shape. Is this possible?


Book recommendation for nonequilibrium thermo/stat mech

I'm doing an undergrad research project that lies at the intersection of biology and nonequilibrium thermodynamics, but I'm starting to realize almost none of my equilibrium thermo/stat mech knowledge carries over.  What's a good book on this subject that covers both near-equilibrium (e.g. linear response) results, as well as more recent far-from-equilibrium (e.g. Jarzynski and Crooks equalities) results? Coverage of nonequilibrium steady states and simulation methods is a plus.  I'm going for a physical understanding, not complete mathematical rigor; I know real/complex analysis but not, say, probability theory or functional analysis.


What type of printer do you recommend for printing greeting cards?

I a working on a number of projects that I will design and frame along with a bunch of greeting cards. What is the best printer to buy for printing greeting cards?   I was looking at the Epson Stylus Photo 1400 Inkjet Printer. Is an inkjet or laser printer better? I've read a lot of pros and cons on each. I'm looking for a printer with full bleed and preferably large prints as well.   I need to print a lot and a laser printer is great for printing large quantities, but are also more likely to curl the paper due to more heat than the inkjet. But the inkjet I've read is better for true color.   Not sure which is better or which brand and style to go with.


tags of mundanity that are gratuitously applied to posts

It's an additional unnecessary burden to the honest stacker during suggested edit duty. A question presents some code then the minor editor adds a tag like 'for-loop' or 'forms'.  These tags are so general that they only have a handful of followers. They serve no useful purpose and are the cause of many too minor edits. Why not permit culling of generic tags?


Let $f : R → R$ be a differentiable function and $f(x) = 0$ for $|x| ≥ 10$.   Let $g(x) = \sum_{k∈Z} f(x + k)$.  Then one of the following is true:  (a) $g$ is differentiable and $g'$ has infinitely many zeros.  (b) $g$ is continuous and not differentiable,  (c) $g$ is differentiable and $g'$ has no zeros,  (d) $g$ is differentiable and $g'$ has only finitely many zeros.  I am able to show that $g$ is differentiable but cannot comment on the number of zeros of $g'$.


I know how disputed flags work. Today, I reviewed a "not an answer" flag and marked it as invalid.   I've later seen a disputed message with this reason:     invalid flag         disputed - a moderator reviewed your flag, but found no evidence to   support it   Given that disputed flags are in the ,  Is this message applicable only to my flag or is this message also for the original flagger?  Or put otherwise, are all disputed flags now shown this message (or similar decline reason)?  I've run out of flags for today to test this further.


I've had trouble finding easily accessible information on what exactly the ampersat does in TeX- it seems to be used frequently in the implementations of the commands I use, yet I've never had to use it. (Granted I've only used LaTeX) What does the ampersat do in TeX?


"System problem detected" in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

When I start my Ubuntu 14.04 LTS machine, the following dialog comes always. If I cancel it and restart, now also it simply comes again and I cannot stop it from coming.    My privacy setting as follows and my system is fully updated.    How can I get rid of this irritating issue?


Is a UV Filter required/recommended for lens protection?

Is it still required/highly recommended that I buy a UV or similar filter to 'protect' the front element of my lens?  I ask because this advice has  been around for 30 years and you would think that the lens maker would have solved this problem with a built-in protection or something like that. It's good to check these old assumptions from time to time.


Is it possible to revert importing modules?

A lot of times, i try to import a python file as a module in interactive mode, but i notice an error in one of the functions, so i have to go and fix it, then i have to quit() python in interepter and re open it, then re-import the module which takes a good amount of time in my very slow pc, And if i notice another error then it is just a tudious task.  How can i delete a module from the python interepter without completely deleting it (allowing it to be re imported later) without restarting 'python'?


Best resources to learn the foundations of math for computer science

So I decided that this year I would go all out and learn a bunch which I have been interested in for a long time but never fully tried to get into and am trying to take on discrete math, abstract algebra, graph theory, and number theory but don't know if there is anything I should learn before diving into all these topics. I currently am in 10th grade and have only learned up to precalculus. I prefer books but anything works.


I want to start learning how to use \newcommand \newenvironment and \def any suggestions where to start?

I have been using LaTeX for a long time now, and I find myself often going to this website to solve my problems. This often includes copy pasting codes which include \newcommand, \newenvironment and \def. I think it is time I start to learn how to use them so I can solve my problems myself! It is always better if you actually know what is going on inside your code.  I am wondering if there is any turtorial or book out there that handles how to use those commands. Or is the best way to learn to just mess with a random file?   Thanks in advance!  (Also this is my first time I post here after using this website for so long, I really appreciate everyone who posts and tries to help other people here!)


I am programmer and I have an idea for a mobile app. I wanted to learn more about UI design and how to provide a better experience for the app user. Are there any courses (preferably free) or books that I can learn design from?


Why not to invest in an index fund at the end of the year?

I have seen the advice of . The reason seems to be that this is when these funds pay out dividends which is taxable.  However,    Capital gain is taxable anyway, no matter when I invest. So I should still make my automatic investment during end-of-year, correct? The only reason a person shouldn't start investing at year-end is because he will suffer the tax bill without the benefit of having invested throughout the year prior. Even if he start investing at year end, can he still soften the blow by re-investing the dividend instead of cashing out? That way, he does not have to pay short-term capital gain tax on the cashed-out dividend. If this "softening" works, how much does it help? How bad is it to start investing at the end of the year?


Could you help me about differential geometry? I can not prove the following proposition. Let $M$ be a surface. Prove that if the asymptotic curves of $M$ are orthogonal then $M$ is minimal.


Why is time different between different inertial observers?

Suppose we have observer $A$ and observer $B$ that meet at a point $p$ when both of their clocks are zero. Why  after  that, the  measure of their clocks would be  different, since clocks depend on the laws of physics and the laws of physics are the same for all inertial observers? Shouldn't their clocks click at the same rate?


Assing values from Dictionary to IList (C#, WPF)

I got interface with method: Task<Dictionary<long, Cars>> GetCars();  Thne I have VM: private IList<Cars> m_cars;  public IList<Cars> MyCars {    get => m_cars; }  and some method: public override void Load() {   MyCars = someservice.GetCars(); }  But I can't do that. How to assing values from Dictionary to IList?


I am attempting to replace an old PLCC32 part that was directly soldered to the board with a new part of undecided form. We will definitely need an adapter as we have not been able to find a PLCC32 part that does what we need. I cannot use a PLCC adapter plug because there are also height restrictions. We are considering building a two-sided adapter board that has pads on the bottom side that match the PLCC32 layout on the current board, with the new layout on top. Theoretically, the adapter board would be soldered directly to the old board and the new chip on top of the adapter.  However, I have not seen any examples of soldering two PCBs directly together in this manner, which makes me think it is a likely to be a bad idea. Can anyone comment on this sort of custom adapter?


How to fix this capitalization issue of a macro in the title-command?

I wrote the following code to typeset the title page of a paper:  \documentclass{amsart}  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[USenglish]{babel}  \begin{document}  \title[Title Title Title]{Title Title Title}  \begin{abstract}     Abstract abstract abstract \end{abstract}  \maketitle  \end{document}   This outputs the following:    However, I wanted to make my title a macro, because I need it elsewhere too:  \documentclass{amsart}  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[USenglish]{babel}  \newcommand\mytitle{Title title title}  \begin{document}  \title[\mytitle]{\mytitle}  \begin{abstract}     Abstract abstract abstract \end{abstract}  \maketitle  \end{document}   But this now outputs the following:    No way of fiddling got me the capitalization back. E.g. there is no difference in using \def. What is happening here and how to fix it?


How did this character leave Endor's moon in the Rise of Skywalker?

After Rey defeats      Kylo Ren on the remains of Death Star 2, she leaves using his TIE fighter. He is effectively marooned on the forest moon of Endor.   How did he leave the forest moon of Endor?   Did he hijack a spaceship left by somebody else? (Maybe by Rey?) Did he hide aboard a ship crewed by the Resistance? Did he summon a spaceship from the First Order?


db_datawriter and db_ddladmin on a server-level?

Ok, since SQL Server 2016 we have new server-level permissions that allow to grant connect and select to/on any exising or future databases on the server instance use master  grant connect any database to [Login] grant select all user securables to [Login]  Tried to run below command: grant insert all user securables to [Login]  But it throws an error Is there any permission or role, or other method that grants permission to insert, update, delete (db_datawriter), or create objects inside user databases (db_ddladmin) on a server level - so it applies to all existing and future user databases ? So DBA does not have to go in and update permissions whenever new database is added ?


I'm planning to take a phd-level Algebra class this fall semester and so I want to spend some of the summer going through a good first book.  The phd course will assume knowledge of undergrad Algebra.  Is there something like a "baby Rudin" / gold-standard book for Algebra?    Is there also an easier book with both lots of exercises and solutions?    Thanks,


On the meaning of being algebraically closed

The definition of algebraic number is that $\alpha$ is an algebraic number if there is a nonzero polynomial $p(x)$ in $\mathbb{Q}[x]$ such that $p(\alpha)=0$. By algebraic closure, every nonconstant polynomial with algebraic coefficients has algebraic roots; then, there will be also a nonconstant polynomial with rational coefficients that has those roots. I feel uncomfortable with the idea that the root of a polynomial with algebraic coefficients is again algebraic; why are we sure that for every polynomial in $\mathbb{\bar{Q}}[x]$ we could find a polynomial in $\mathbb{Q}[x]$ that has the same roots?  I apologize if I'm asking something really trivial or my question comes from a big misunderstanding of basic concepts.


How to protect an expensive backpack in airplane hold?

Last year I bought a nice osprey backpack and I stupidly (after removing loose straps) put the bag through check in without wrapping it up in cling film or whatever. and it got a bit damaged by way of a cut into the fabric.   what is the best way to protect an expensive backpack in airplane luggage? I have to use it as my main way of carrying luggage as its too big to warrante taking 2 large bags.   Any tips? E.g. on the flight back I put this backpack inside a cheap quechua dry bag with rucksack straps which protected it but it was a tight squeeze and a pain to get everything in.   Cling film wrapping seems to be an obvious option but looks like a pain in the ass.


How to keep a high hydration bread loaf from becoming flat

Yesterday, I made a sourdough loaf with a high hydration (80%) and as usual, when I turned it out of its banneton, it simply couldn't hold its shape and became very flat; only about 1 1/2 inches at the highest point.  The recipe follows: Sponge: 50g water 50g spelt flour 100g starter (100% hydration)  Sponge 344g water 230g whole meal spelt flour 230g strong white flour   Mix together ingredients for sponge; ferment overnight in fridge. Mix water, flours and sponge together and knead until elastic. Rise until it becomes 1 1/2 its original size. Shape into a boule (for surface tension) and place in floured banneton. Rise until doubled; turn out and bake.   Although I made the recipe up there is nothing unusual about it and this happens with other high hydration loaves. I know it is a high hydration but others have formed lovely . How can I also achieve these high boules?


The term "good question" in some badges' description is unclear

The badges, curious, inquisitive and socratic are described as:     Ask a good question on N separate days, and maintain a positive question record   However the term good question is not explained. From my account at least it doesn't refer to the good question badge:      Question score of 25 or more   I think these badges' description should be clarified, probably to something like:     Ask a question on N separate days with a score of one or more, and maintain a positive question record


Does ARIMA require normally distributed errors or normally distributed input data?

I have two questions related to time series forecasting with ARIMA:   Does ARIMA require normally distributed errors or normally distributed input data ? Are there any assumptions on input time series data for ARIMA model and exogenous variables for ARIMAX model ?


How to find out the global minimum of the following expression

What is the global minimum of the expression   \begin{align} |x-1| &+ |x-2|+|x-5|+|x-6|+|x-8|+|x-9|+|x- 10| \\&+  |x-11|+|x-12|+|x-17|+|x-24|+|x-31|+ |x-32|? \end{align}   I've solved questions of this sort before but there were only 3 terms. I solved those by expanding all the terms in the modulus and drawing a graph. This question came in a paper which requires the student to solve it within 5 minutes. What's a better method?


I'm trying to vertically align an inline element in a div tag.  Here is my HTML:

         Link 1

        And here's my CSS:  .foo{     width:200px;     height:60px;     background-color:red; }  .foo #bar{     text-align:center;     vertical-align:middle; }   How do I vertically align this anchor tag?  Have I set the HTML/CSS up the right way to effectively do this?  What are the best practices for vertically aligning inline and block elements?  Thanks


Find all integers m such that $0 < m < 1008$ and $\gcd(m, 2016-m) = 1$.  The following is my solution: Note that $1 = \gcd(m, 2016-m) = \gcd(m, 2016)$. Since $2016$ is even and divisible by $3, 7, 9, 21, 63$ and $\gcd(m, 2016) = 1$, so $m$ is odd and $m\neq 3k, 7l$, where $k, l\in \mathbb Z,$ and $k, l$ are odd numbers. Since $0 < m< 1008,$ we deduce that $1\leq k\leq 335, \ 1\leq l\leq 143$ and $k, l$ are odd. We set $$A = \{3k|\ k\in\mathbb Z,\ 1\leq k\leq 335,\ k \mbox{ odd}\}$$ and $$B = \{7l|\ l\in\mathbb Z,\ 1\leq l\leq 143,\ l \mbox{ odd}\}.$$ Then, we have $|(A\cup B)\setminus (A\cap B)| = 168 + 72 - 48 = 192.$ On the other hand, from $1$ to $1008$ we have $\frac{1007-1}{2} + 1 = 504$ odd numbers. Combining these data, we conclude that there are $504 -192 -24 = 288$ positive integers $m$.


I can't connect to wifi with my laptop but I can connect to wifi with my phone, ps3 and ipod etc. I can actually connect to the internet with my laptop when I use a cable to connect to the router. Does anyone know what my problem is?  My connection worked perfectly before, but 3 days ago it just stopped working. I have windows 8. In the corner it just gives me a perfect bar connection and I cant find any solution on internet.  Thank you


"Needs to be repaired" vs. "needs repairing"

Is there any difference in meaning between the following two sentences?        My car needs to be repaired.   My car needs reparing.


Linux utility for finding the largest files/directories

I'm looking for a program to show me which files/directories occupy the most space, something like:  74% music  \- 60% music1  \- 14% music2 12% code 13% other   I know that it's possible in KDE3, but I'd rather not do that - KDE4 or command line are preferred.


Displaystyle/limits for custom operators

I want to write this:  $ {\text{\huge N}}\limits_{i<k} $   and have it produce output comparable to this:  $ \sum\limits_{i<k} $   That is, I want a sum with limits underneath it, but I want it with a capital nu instead of a capital sigma. My proposed approach doesn't work though. How does one get \limits on a custom operator?


Prove that $\lim_{x \to \infty}\big(\frac{x}{x-1}\big)^x$ is also $e$.

Trying to make sense out of the idea that $100\%$ continuous decay is $\frac{1}{e}$, I thought about this:  You can express $1+\frac{1}{x}$ as $\frac{x+1}{x}$, such that $\big(1+\frac{1}{x}\big)^x = \big(\frac{x+1}{x}\big)^x$  And you can express $1-\frac{1}{x}$ as $\frac{x-1}{x}$, such that $\big(1-\frac{1}{x}\big)^x = \big(\frac{x-1}{x}\big)^x =\frac{1}{\big(\frac{x}{x-1}\big)^x}$  Now $\big(\frac{x}{x-1}\big)^x$ and $\big(\frac{x+1}{x}\big)^x$ look very similar, and I can imagine (and see on Mathematica) that $\lim_{x \to \infty} \big(\frac{x}{x-1}\big)^x$ also approaches $e$.  However I'm clueless about limit proofs, how do you prove that?  EDIT: Just had a last second insight.  Can you say that $$\lim_{x \to \infty} \big(\frac{x}{x-1}\big)^x = \lim_{x \to \infty} \big(\frac{x}{x-1}\big)^{x-1} \cdot \lim_{x \to \infty} \big(\frac{x}{x-1}\big)$$ $$= \lim_{x \to \infty} \big(\frac{x}{x-1}\big)^{x-1} \cdot 1$$ $$=\lim_{x \to \infty} \big(\frac{x+1}{x}\big)^x = e ?$$   (not sure about that last limit transition...I mean I'm pretty sure it's true, just not sure how to write it; I would appreciate feedback on that, thank you)


You always are online or you are always online?

Which one is correct and why? Please answer my question.


Which can be used for data transfer on Destiny?

I know that you can transfer your data in Destiny from Xbox 360 and Xbox One, but I have two question for this transfer:    Can you go back and forth for this transfer? ex. playing Xbox One and your data will go back to the Xbox 360 in case you wanna play Destiny on the 360 with friends. Do you have to buy the game on disc or download it from the Xbox store for the transfer to work?


By considering the partial sums for S, that is Sn =1+2+3+···n show that the infinite series S does not converge.  However in this video  it states that this series converges to -1/12? How can this be?


How can I view images on a PC as and when I am shooting?

I just bought a Nikon D7000. When shooting I would like to be able to see my picture on my laptop as soon as I shoot it when I am shooting portraits. What do I need to accomplish this? How do I connect my camera to the laptop and what software do I need. I have a Toshiba Satellite laptop with Windows 7.


establish passwordless login without asking the user

On Linux when using dsa keys I establish passwordless login with the command  ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_dsa.pub user@target.host   This prompts the user for user's password on target.host. My script knows the password and the user shall not be bothered, how can I do this?


What are common lower bounds for ${{2n} \choose {n}}$?    Edit:  I made a mistake in my original question.  It doesn't change my question but there is no reason for me to include the mistake.


Does a ranged attack against an adjacent enemy still have disadvantage even if you have the Crossbow Expert feat?

Part of the  feat (PHB, p. 165) says:     Being within 5 feet of a hostile creature doesn't impose disadvantage on your ranged attack rolls.   This is relevant because of the rule on :     Aiming a ranged attack is more difficult when a foe is next to you. When you make a ranged attack [...] you have disadvantage on the attack roll if you are within 5 feet of a hostile creature who can see you and who isn't incapacitated.   My GM and some players have agreed that the benefit removes your disadvantage on attacks against distant targets (ones more than 5 feet away) while a foe is adjacent to you, but that targeting the adjacent foe still has disadvantage. Is this the correct ruling?


Is there a way to have content from an IFRAME overflow onto the parent frame?

I have a UI widget that needs to be put in an IFRAME both for performance reasons and so we can syndicate it out to affiliate sites easily. The UI for the widget includes tool-tips that display over the top of other page content. See screenshot below or  to see it in action.  Is there any way to make content from within the IFRAME overlap the parent frame's content?


When opening Nautilus it shows my Devices (which are actually just other partitions) like this:    However, they are not mounted. When I now click them, they get mounted.   What do I have to do to have them mounted automatically?


What are the preconditions to fit a vector autoregression model?

can we fit a VAR model if we have a mixture of I(0) and I(1) variables?


I am running Ubuntu 13.10. I have python 2.7.5 with anaconda 1.8.0. Whenever I start python and type import pygame it tells me that there is no module named pygame.   How can I install pygame?


My MWE:  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \newcommand{\sgn}{\operatorname{sgn}}  \begin{document}  \begin{table}[!htpb] \centering \caption{Commonly used candidate CLFs.} \begin{tabular}{cll} \hline \hline CLF\# & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$V(x)$} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\dot{V}(x)$}              \\ \hline 1     & $\frac{1}{2}x^2$           & $x\dot{x}$                                    \\ 2     & $|x|$                      & $\sgn(x)$                                     \\ 3     & $\sqrt{|x|}$               & $\sgn(x)\frac{1}{2}|x|^{-\frac{1}{2}}\dot{x}$ \\ 4     & $ln(x^2+1)$                & $2x\dot{x}\left (x^2 +1 \right ) ^{-1}$       \\ 5     & $\left [ln(x+1) \right ]^2$              & $x\dot{x} \cdot \log[x+1](x+1)^{-1}$          \\ \hline \hline \end{tabular} \label{tab:CLF} \end{table}  \end{document}   The result:    Now I don't like the spacing for the first two rows of the table, because $\dot{V}(x)$ and $\frac{1}{2}x^2$ are too close to the horizontal lines. Is there an easy way to add some vertical space while keeping the text vertically centered?


Show that $(a,b)\times (c,d)$ is an open set in $\mathbb{R}^2$ with the Euclidian metric.

I need to show that $(a,b)\times (c,d)$ is an open set in $\mathbb{R}^2$ with the Euclidian metric. I know that a set $U$ is open if for $x\in U$ there exists an open ball $B_\epsilon(x)$ such that $B_\epsilon(x)\subset U$ for some $\epsilon >0$. The euclidian metric in $\mathbb{R}^2$ is given by $d_2(x,y) = \sqrt{(x_1 - y_1)^2 + (x_2 - y_2)^2}$, so I need to show that for $x\in (a,b)\times (c,d)$ there exists $B_\epsilon(x) = \{y\in\mathbb{R}^2:\sqrt{(x_1 - y_1)^2 + (x_2 - y_2)^2} < \epsilon\}$ such that $B_\epsilon(x)\subset (a,b)\times (c,d)$ for some $\epsilon >0$, but I have no idea how!  Question: How do I show that $(a,b)\times (c,d)$ is an open set in $\mathbb{R}^2$ with the Euclidian metric?


devote herself to caring for poor people vs. devote herself to care for poor people

I came across the following multiple-choice question:     She devoted herself to (      ) for poor people.   The choices are:   caring care be caring have cared   As the preposition "to" can be followed by either noun or gerund (...ing), the most suitable answer is #1, "caring." And I am OK with this.  However, some of my students chose #2 care, as the word can be noun. Is "She devoted herself to care for poor people" an acceptable sentence? I feel it a bit odd, and feel like adding something like "the" to make "the care," but I'm not pretty sure.   I'd appreciate it if anyone could give me some advice on this from native  speaker's point of view.


Getting rid of Microsoft Edge or disabling it

For some strange reason, all the icons on my desktop accessing websites became 'Microsoft Edge' when I switched from Chrome to Edge for one browsing session! I tried everything to get rid of it, but no luck! Also, when I want to make Mozilla Firefox my default browser, as soon as I click OK, an 'Edge' page comes up thus nullifying my preference! Apparently, Microsoft has a wired software app overriding one's choice? How can I disable it or get rid of it so I can get back my browser of choice?


Where to ask question about domain name?

I want to ask:  "If .us is a suitable suffix for a us located non-profit organization instead of .org, in a situation that .org is not available."  However, I don't see clearly where it would fit into...


Prove that the limit definition of the exponential function implies its infinite series definition.

Here's the problem: Let $x$ be any real number. Show that $$ \lim_{m \to \infty} \left( 1 + \frac{x}{m} \right)^m = \sum_{n=0}^ \infty \frac{x^n}{n!}  $$ I'm sure there are many ways of pulling this off, but there are 3 very important hints to complete the exercise in the desired manner:   Expand the left side as a finite sum using the Binomial Theorem. Call the summation variable $n$. Now add into the finite sum extra terms which are $0$ for $n>m$, in order to make it look like an infinite series. What happens to the limit on $m$ outside the series?   So far I was able to use Hint 1 to expand the left side: $$ \lim_{m \to \infty} \left( 1 + \frac{x}{m} \right)^m = \lim_{m \to \infty} \sum_{n=0}^m \binom {m}{n} \left( \frac{x}{m} \right)^n $$  No matter what I do with the binomial coefficients and factorials, I can't figure out what extra terms to add per Hint 2. Any suggestions?


What does the first '.' mean in '. ~/.bashrc'?

I saw a post about fix your alias in .bashrc.   And he says after you put your alias in .bashrc , you need to use:  . ~/.bashrc   I do not quite understand what the first dot(' . ') does here. What's its function and what is it called?


How do I list all objects created from a class in PHP

Is there a way to identify and loop all objects created from a class? I've inserted a small code below, and I would like those objects listed in a loop of some kind. The purpose is for me to organize my instanced objects, and to identify which class they belong. been searching it and found no answers whatsoever. For example <?php  class defender{     public $name;     public $hp;     public $attack;     public $defense;          function stats(){         $this->name;     }          function search(){          } }  $wyvern1 = new defender(); $wyvern1->name = "White Blade1"; $wyvern1->id = "w-123";  $wyvern2 = new defender(); $wyvern2->name = "White Blade2"; $wyvern2->id = "w-124";  $wyvern3 = new defender(); $wyvern3->name = "White Blade3"; $wyvern3->id = "w-125"; ?>


Generic Function To extract Decimal part of a float without Floor()

I want to split the float number to two separate part as real and non real part. For example: if x = 45.678, then my function have to give real= 45 and non_real=678. I have tried the following logic.  split ( float x, unsigned int *real, unsigned int *non_real) {    *real = x;    *non_real = ((int)(x*N_DECIMAL_POINTS_PRECISION)%N_DECIMAL_POINTS_PRECISION);     printf ("Real = %d , Non_Real = %d\n", *real, *non_real); }   where N_DECIMAL_POINTS_PRECISION = 10000. It would give decimal part till 4 digits, not after.  It works only for specific set of decimal point precision. The code is not generic, it has to work for all floating numbers also like 9.565784 and 45.6875322 and so on. So if anyone could help me on this, it would be really helpful.   Thanks in advance.


Computing probability of sum of I.I.D uniform random variables

I have no idea how to approach this problem. Please help. Thanks.


Does if loop work in OnpostExecute in Android

So i converted a JSOn object and compared the value with something,and even though the value matches with whats there in the string,the loop is not getting invoked,this what i've written Any help would be appreciated  @Override         protected void onPostExecute(String s) {              JSONObject obj = null;             try {                 obj = new JSONObject(s);                 String error_desc = obj.getString("error_desc");                 writeToFile("responseONP="+error_desc);                 if(error_desc == "Invalid Credentials") {                     Context context = getApplicationContext();                     CharSequence text = error_desc;                     int duration = Toast.LENGTH_SHORT;                      Toast toast = Toast.makeText(context, text, duration);                     toast.show();                 }                  else{                      Intent intent = new Intent(getBaseContext(), HomepageNormal.class);                      startActivity(intent);                 }              } catch (JSONException e) {                 e.printStackTrace();             }


Proving $a^ab^bc^c\ge(abc)^{(a+b+c)/3}$ for positive real numbers.

Prove that   $$a^ab^bc^c\ge(abc)^{(a+b+c)/3}$$  where $a,b,c\in\mathbb{R^+}$  I tried using powered AM-GM but didn't get anything. please give me a hint to solve it.


Create a date from day month and year with T-SQL

I am trying to convert a date with individual parts such as 12, 1, 2007 into a datetime in SQL Server 2005. I have tried the following:  CAST(DATEPART(year, DATE)+'-'+ DATEPART(month, DATE) +'-'+ DATEPART(day, DATE) AS DATETIME)   but this results in the wrong date. What is the correct way to turn the three date values into a proper datetime format.


I have a simple VBScript to test connection to Oracle Database:  Dim strSQL, strDataSource, strUsername, strPassword  Set dbData = CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset") Set dbConnection = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")  dbConnection.ConnectionString = "Provider=OraOLEDB.Oracle;Data Source="MyDB";User ID="MyUser";Password="MyPassword";" dbConnection.Open  strSQL = "SELECT 1 FROM DUAL" dbData.Open strSQL, dbConnection If (dbData.EOF) Then     WScript.Echo "There are No records to retrieve" Else     WScript.Echo "There are records to retrieve." End If  dbData.Close dbConnection.Close   The script is querying the DUAL table, and if 1 row is retrieved. that's an indicator that the database is online.  Problem is, that sometimes the user account that I'm using with, get locked on the database, and I'm getting the following error output from the script:     ORA-28000: the account is locked   Is there any way to capture this error in VBScript?  Because I want to add another Echo in the script, in case the user is locked.


Expected value of a iid random variables

If $\hspace{0.2cm}X_1,\ldots,X_n\hspace{0.2cm}$ are iid random variables with $\hspace{0.2cm}\mathbb{E}(X_i)=\mu\hspace{0.2cm}$ and $\hspace{0.2cm}Var(X_i)=\sigma^2<+\infty$  Let $\bar{X_n}=\left(\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^nX_i\right)$ be the partial averages and define $$S_n^2=\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_{i=1}^n(X_i-\bar{X}_n)^2$$  How to prove that $\hspace{0.2cm}\mathbb{E}(S_n^2)=\sigma^2\hspace{0.2cm}$ ?


How can I count the number of lines of a file with common tools?

I am redirecting grep results to a file, and then using cat to show its contents on the screen. I want to know how many lines of results I have in my results file and then add it to some counter.  What will be the best way? Any relevant flag to grep or cat?


How to prevent hidden shapes from being exported to .stl file?

I've created a replacement radiator knob in blender to get it 3d printed. I've used array modifiers to replicate shapes mirrored around the center. And I have used a Boolean modifier to create the notches for more grip. The problem is that when I export to a .stl file the shapes that I have hidden use the "eye"-buttons also appear. How can I remove them when exporting? What it is supposed to look like after exporting:  What is looks like after exporting:


How do I route traffic between eth0:0 and eth0

I have been trying to convert my linux box which is running Mint into a router. eth0 has a public IP address of 71.xx.xx.xx. I created an eth0:0 and gave it an IP address of 10.0.0.100. I started a DHCP server that is on eth0 (because it won't use eth0:0) and that's giving out addresses between 10.0.0.101 and 10.0.0.200. I can ping between eth0 and eth0:0 on the same machine. I have a another laptop connected to the linux box via a switch and it's able to receive an IP address via the DHCP server.   The problem is with routing traffic from eth0:0 and eth0 (and vice-versa) so that computers on the private, 10.0.0.x network can access the internet via the static IP on eth0.


Bill reading Shakespeare and Maureen singing Schubert satisfy/satisfies me

Which verb form is grammatically correct here? My intuition says 'satisfy' but a textbook I'm reading says otherwise (Core Syntax: A Minimalist Approach. If interested, a legal copy is available ).


Easier way to show $(\mathbb{Z}/(n))[x]$ and $\mathbb{Z}[x] / (n)$ are isomorphic

$$(\mathbb{Z}/(n))[x] \simeq \mathbb{Z}[x] / (n)$$  I've shown this by showing that the map that sends $\overline{1} \mapsto [1+(n)]$ (where the bar denotes the congruence class mod $n$) and $x \mapsto [x+(n)]$ is a homomorphism that is injective and bijective, which is a bit cumbersome. Is there an easier way to show this? I can't tell if this is trivial or not.


Why can't I get a unique list of shells?

Trying to get a unique list of shells on my system. When I run this command: cat /etc/passwd | cut -d ':' -f 7 | uniq  I get: /bin/bash   /bin/sync   /sbin/shutdown   /sbin/halt   /bin/bash  I can't figure out why uniq isn't doing what I want. What don't I understand? I tried taking this output, making a copy, replacing one of the /bin/bash lines with the other in the copy, and then diffing the files and I got no output, so I'm guessing not a hidden character?


I have a plaintext "monday" and ciphertext "IKTIWM" and $m=2$. I want to find the key of the Hill cipher.  I made a matrix  $$ \begin{bmatrix} a_1 & a_2 \\ a_3 & a_4 \end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} m \\ o \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} I \\ K \end{bmatrix} \pmod{26}$$  $X=\{\{m,o\},\{n,d\}\}$, $Y=\{\{I,K\},\{T,I\} \}$, I want to find $X \times K=Y$.   I will multiply this equation with inverse($X$).  But for the modulo inverse you need $gcd$(determinant($X), 26) =1$ . Which is not happening here.


Do I need a transit visa for the UK if I have a valid US visa?

I am a South African passport holder with a valid USA visit visa. I am flying from South Africa to Dublin, Ireland, via London. Do I need a transit visa for the UK?


I'm trying to make a Brick Breaker game, but I'm getting a ConcurrentModificationException in this area. I use Netbeans. This is in my BlockBreakerPanel class and it has the main information for getting my code to actually work properly. Exception location has ** around it. I don't know why I get this exception and I'm wondering if it has to do with the Arraylist and if I somehow implemented it wrong. public class BlockBreakerPanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener {  ArrayList<Block> blocks; Block ball; Block paddle;  JFrame mainFrame, startScreen;  Thread thread;  void reset() {     blocks = new ArrayList<Block>();     ball = new Block(237, 435, 35, 25, "ball.png");     paddle = new Block(175, 480, 150, 25, "paddle.png");     for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {         blocks.add(new Block((i * 60 + 2), 0, 60, 25, "blue.png"));     }     for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {         blocks.add(new Block((i * 60 + 2), 25, 60, 25, "green.png"));     }     for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {         blocks.add(new Block((i * 60 + 2), 50, 60, 25, "yellow.png"));     }     for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {         blocks.add(new Block((i * 60 + 2), 75, 60, 25, "red.png"));     }      addKeyListener(this);     setFocusable(true); }  BlockBreakerPanel(JFrame frame, JFrame startScreen) {      this.mainFrame = frame;     this.startScreen = startScreen;      reset();      thread = new Thread(() -> {         while (true) {             update();             try {                 Thread.sleep(10);             } catch (InterruptedException err) {                 err.printStackTrace();             }         }     });     thread.start();  } **public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {     super.paintComponent(g);     blocks.forEach(block -> {         block.draw(g, this);     });     ball.draw(g, this);     paddle.draw(g, this); }** public void update() {     ball.x += ball.movX;          if (ball.x > (getWidth() - 25) || ball.x < 0) {         ball.movX *= -1;     }      if (ball.y < 0 || ball.intersects(paddle)) {         ball.movY *= -1;     }      ball.y += ball.movY;      if (ball.y > getHeight()) {         thread = null;         reset();         mainFrame.setVisible(false);         startScreen.setVisible(true);      }     blocks.forEach(block -> {         if (ball.intersects(block) && !block.destroyed) {             block.destroyed = true;             ball.movY *= -1;         }     });     repaint();  }  @Override public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {     // TODO Auto-generated method stub  }  @Override public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {      if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT && paddle.x < (getWidth() - paddle.width)) {         paddle.x += 15;     }      if (e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT && paddle.x > 0) {         paddle.x -= 15;     }  }  @Override public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {     // TODO Auto-generated method stub  }  }


Setting "checked" for a checkbox with jQuery

I'd like to do something like this to tick a checkbox using jQuery:  $(".myCheckBox").checked(true);   or  $(".myCheckBox").selected(true);   Does such a thing exist?


Recover file from previous installation?

I recently wiped an old ubuntu server of mine and installed debian, but i forgot to backup a very important file. I know there is a chance that the computer has already wrote over the file, but what can I do to look for this file?