What are the technical symbols used in the margin of a page called?

I research Latin texts which discuss a peculiar medieval practice: the addition of minute graphic symbols into the margins of the page, for example in order to indicate passages of interest, flaws in argumentation or for some other technical purpose. The Latin-users had a very clear technical terminology for such signs: they called them notae (sg. nota) and the verb that they used to talk about this addition was adnotare (plus there was a whole range of words that could be formed from these two). Modern English does not seem to have a term that would have the same technical meaning and I have a constant problem with both native and non-native English speakers when I am trying to write or speak about these notae.  I have tried the English word markup (and its derivates), but this did not find favour with my audience. Translation as signs or marks is too vague and broad to be helpful. I cannot use the Latin word nota indefinitely, especially since I cannot make a verb out of it that would make sense in English.  What would you call this 'thing'?  An example of the technical signs in question:  (PX- and PO-shaped symbols in the right margin)


What are the use cases for write-only and write-execute files?

I understand use cases for r-- and r-x permissions, but not for the -w- and -wx ones.


How to add two string numbers (with floating point)?

I want add two numbers which is actually string and having floating point. Here is my code which is working for integers and not for float. NOTE: I do not want to use the pythonic way. num1= "999" num2 = "82.2"  # print(float(num1)+float(num2))   Input: num1= "999" num2 = "82"  class Solution:     def addStrings(self, num1, num2):         i = len(num1) -1         j = len(num2) -1         carry =0         res =[]         while i>=0 or j >=0:             a = 0 if i<0 else int(num1[i])             b = 0 if j<0 else int(num2[j])             tmp = a +b + carry             res.append((str(tmp%10)))             carry =(tmp // 10)             i -= 1             j -= 1         res.reverse()         res_str = ''.join(res)         return str(carry)+res_str if carry else res_str print(Solution().addStrings(num1,num2))  This is giving output as expected - 1081 If I change the input like below it is not working. Please help me modify my code.  num1= "999" num2 = "82.25"  or   num1= "99.11" num2 = "15.2"  The way it is solved in java same way I want to solve it in python. public class AddStrings {      public static void main(String[] args) {          //Example 1:         String str1 = "123.52";         String str2 = "11.2";         String ans = new AddStrings().addString(str1, str2);         System.out.println(ans);          //Example 2:         str1 = "110.75";         str2 = "9";         ans = new AddStrings().addString(str1, str2);         System.out.println(ans);     }      private static final String ZERO = "0";      // Time: O(Max (N, M)); N = str1 length, M = str2 length     // Space: O(N + M)     public String addString(String str1, String str2) {          String[] s1 = str1.split("\\.");         String[] s2 = str2.split("\\.");          StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();          // step 1. calculate decimal points after.         // decimal points         // prepare decimal point.         String sd1 = s1.length > 1 ? s1[1] : ZERO;         String sd2 = s2.length > 1 ? s2[1] : ZERO;         while (sd1.length() != sd2.length()) {             if (sd1.length() < sd2.length()) {                 sd1 += ZERO;             } else {                 sd2 += ZERO;             }         }         int carry = addStringHelper(sd1, sd2, sb, 0);          sb.append(".");          // Step 2. Calculate the Number before the decimal point.         // Number         addStringHelper(s1[0], s2[0], sb, carry);         return sb.reverse().toString();     }      private int addStringHelper(String str1, String str2, StringBuilder sb, int carry) {         int i = str1.length() - 1;         int j = str2.length() - 1;         while (i >= 0 || j >= 0) {             int sum = carry;              if (j >= 0) {                 sum += str2.charAt(j--) - '0';             }             if (i >= 0) {                 sum += str1.charAt(i--) - '0';             }             carry = sum / 10;             sb.append(sum % 10);         }         return carry;     } }


Prove that $\sup(AB) = \sup(A)\cdot \sup(B)$

Let $A, B \subset (0, \infty)$ be non-empty and bounded from above. Construct the set of products: $P(AB) = \{x \in (0, \infty)| \exists a \in A, \exists b \in B  \text{ such that }x = ab\}$. Show that $\sup\big(P(AB)\big) = \sup(A)\cdot \sup(B)$  My initial idea is to show $\leq$ and $\geq$. I have some vague ideas, but I have a lot of blind spots with regards to inequalities, so I would be very grateful for help and explanations.


Samsung Galaxy S4 SCH-I545 official updates via Kies fails with: "Software update is temporarily unavailable. Try again later."

I own a Samsung SCH-I545 Galaxy S4 and can not do update via Kies. It says:      Software update is temporarily unavailable. Try again later.   The phone is sent by my uncle from America and I am from Romania. The phone does not have root. I tried to update via Odin, but it fails too.  What can I do to Update my Galaxy S4 to Android 4.3? Thank you very much!


Why is there a clear mirror image off a rough surface at shallow angles?

The mirrors we use everyday have a highly reflective smooth surface, so that we can see a clear image.  But I found the same happens on a rough (not so smooth) surface, though only at shallow angles.  For example    this is the logo of physics stackexchange, reflected from the back of an ipad.  Considering that aluminum may contributed to reflection, I tried a different material:    this time a piece of printer paper.  Though not as clear, there is still some visible pattern resembling the logo.  The same effect can be observed on highways, where distant vehicles have a mirror image off the road; I do not have a picture at hand however.  So, why is this happening, and why only on shallow angles?


Prove that the conditional distribution of a normal random variable is also normal random

How to prove the claim that the conditional distribution of a normal random variable is also normal random? And how to think it intuitively?


Should we ask questions to "rubber duck" the solution?

I don't know how many of you have experienced the  principle when posting questions on SO, but I know I have on a few occasions. And then I just discard my question. So here's the question:  Should we go ahead and post the question?  Of course if it's something stupid like forgetting a semicolon, etc., I would say no... but there are several occasions, like if a data structure doesn't make sense, that at least someone would eventually benefit from the question/answers.  And if you should ask the question, how would you recommend choosing an answer for it?


linear transformation $T$ is onto if and only if $T^*$ is one to one

Let $V$ and $W$ be $F$-vector space, and $V^*$ and $W^*$ be the dual space of $V$ and $W$, respectly. Let $T:V \to W$ be a linear transformation. Define $T^*:W^* \to V^*$ by $T^*(f)=f\circ T$ for all $f\in W^*$. Show that $T$ is onto if and only if $T^*$ is one to one. My attempt: $T$ is onto $\implies$ $T^*$ is one to one: Since $T$ is onto, given $w\in W$, $\exists v\in V$, such that $T(v)=w$. Then, if $f,g\in W^*$ such that $T^*(f)=T^*(g)$, then $f\circ T\equiv g\circ T$,so $f\circ T(v)=g\circ T(v)$ $\forall v\in V$. For that given $w$ we earlier mentioned $f(w)=f(T(v))=g(T(v))=g(w)$, and since $w$ is arbitrary, we have $f\equiv g$. But the other direction of the proof I got stuck: $T^*$ is one to one $\implies$ $T$ is onto : Since $T$ is one to one, $\ker(T)=\{0\}$..., and I can't go further, thanks for help! Thanks martini, I have a typo, it should be proving $T^*$ is one to one $\implies$ $T$ is onto, does it use the same way?


I have a javascript object that maintains an internal array of objects. I have a method that returns the array but I need to prevent external manipulation of the array and the objects inside it.  Trying slice to copy the array but I've noticed that the objects inside are still references to the originals while the array itself is new. I've never noticed this before, but I've confirmed it:  function test(){      // I want this to be safe from outside influence     var a = [{         val: 1        },{         val: 2        }];      return {         all: function(){             return a.slice();         }     } }  var instance = test(); var copy = instance.all();  // This affects both "copy" and the original copy[0].val = 'wrong';  // This clears "copy" but doesn't affect the original copy = [];     I need to have a truly new copy so an outsider can't modify the array without using the API methods I've designed. I assume all I can do iterate the array and use $.extend (or similar methods from other libs) to clone the objects individually - is there any easier/native alternative?


Trying to identify this component in a resistor spot marked TP

I am trying to repair circuit boards that fried on my hydraulic anchors (Power Poles) on my boat.  Both have the same resistor fried. I have found the same one elsewhere on the board, see pic.  I tested on my multimeter and get .9 ohm.  The only marking on it is TP.  Anyone know where I can get these?


Trig sum: $\tan ^21^\circ+\tan ^22^\circ+\cdots+\tan^2 89^\circ = \text{?}$

As the title suggests, I'm trying to find the sum $$\tan^21^\circ+\tan^2 2^\circ+\cdots+\tan^2 89^\circ$$ I'm looking for a solution that doesn't involve complex numbers, or any other advanced branch in maths. The solution can involve techniques such as induction, telecoping, etc, but preferably only ideas from precalculus, e.g. trig identities, polynomials, etc.  EDIT: I know that the sum is a rational number.


How to rename multiple file names by removing white space and characters?

I have multiple files to rename  Eg:      ERJP00300029 3.13.jpg      SRKP00100002 12.04.jpg      ERJP01500001 ERJP12 10.5.jpg   I want to rename above file as  Eg:     ERJP00300029.jpg     SRKP00100002.jpg     ERJP01500001.jpg   How to keep first part name alone.  I used below code but I can't get my exact solution. Where I am mistake.  @ECHO ON  SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION SET SourceDir=F:\Ezhilarasan\Exibt\need_upload\ERHP\check FOR /G "TOKENS=1-3 DELIMS=. " %%G IN ('DIR /B /A-D "%SourceDir%\*.jpg"') DO (     SET "part1=%%~F"      SET "part2=%%~G"      SET "part3=%%~H"     REN "!part1! \%SourceDir%!part2!.!part3!" "!part1!.!part3!" ) GOTO EOF


Why does the Workplace's featured question tab show a question without a bounty?

The Workplace  is currently displaying , which doesn't actually have a bounty. It does have an awarded bounty but I can see no other reason behind it suddenly reappearing in the tab. Two users on chat . Feature Question Tab  Question  History   EDIT:  seems to cover the same bug, but I'm not sure if the featured listing persisted or reappeared, though I suppose the former is more likely. EDIT2: As mentioned on the linked question, the question was removed from this tab the second another bounty was started. EDIT3: Reproducible: I recently awarded  and  is still in the Featured tab.


Recently I have read some papers in which the authors considered higher order lagrangians. For example, in this paper  the higher order Lagrangians occurs somehow naturally from the path integral approach. I am considering this as an applications to scalar field dark matter/dark energy approach and effects on holography. Are there any physical principle that limits Lagrangians only to first order?


12.04 LTS won't boot after nvidia driver upgrade

I wanted to use the most recent nvidia-319(I think) drivers so that Steam would stop complaining about my drivers.  I selected the 319 drivers in the System Hardware menu and rebooted.  The system hung on reboot for several minutes so I performed a hard-shutdown. After the system came back online, it prompted me for my MySQLServer login (its never done that before). I forgot the credentials so I hard-restarted again and this time it boots to a black screen with a flashing cursor on the top left. NOTHING THAT I TYPE IS SHOWN ON SCREEN.  When I hit the power button, it says various things are shutting down/stopping and then the system turns off.  My question is how can I use a LiveCD to revert this driver change? Or is there another (better) method?   This is the first time that I have broken my Ubuntu in 4 years :(  Thanks in advance.


How to specify start and end date of \chronoperiode in a dd/mm/yyyy format

The package  allows to draw a timeline with a reasonable degree of customization, without the need to draw it by yourself using tikz or similar tools.  In my opinion, is the most promising tool to draw timelines in a LaTeX document.    But it has a limitation. While the command \chronoevent accepts a date in dd/mm/yyyy format, the command \chronoperiode does not (only integers are accepted).  In this way, time periods cannot start on specific dates, and time periods shorter than one year cannot be drawn in the timeline.  Is there a way to overcome this limitation?


$f(x)$ decreasing and positive implies $f'(x)$ converges to 0?

This one should be easy, however for some reason I can't find an easy way to solve it. So if f is a $C^1$ function over $\mathbb{R}$ that is decreasing and positive (so converging to some value, let say 0 since it does not really matter). Can we know for sure that $f'$ will be converging to 0? I know this is not true if f is not decreasing or increasing.  Thank for any hint  All the best T.


"We have a game today" vs. "We have the game today"

When I tell people about the football/baseball/soccer/basketball game they are supposed to have today, I say     We have a game today.   which I think is strange. It is strange that it sounds idiomatic and even grammatically correct.   But this is the specific game we have today at some specific place at some specific time. And there is only one game that I am talking about. So why is it not 'we have the game today?'  Side thought: Also should  I say 'the specific game we have today' or 'a specific game we have today'? I think both are acceptable, but have slightly different meaning. Can't explain the difference though.


11-vertex graph with nonplanar complement

I have a 11-vertex planar graph. How do I prove that its complement is nonplanar? The complement is the complete graph minus the original graph.


Export table to exisiting sharepoint list from excel

Is it possible to export data from excel to exisiting sharepoint list i do not want to create new one ,copy paste datasheetview is not working as expected and taking time do we have any options?


Memory usage in docker container - 600MB for OS only?

I am running docker swarm across two Debian 8 nodes, each with 1GB ram.  I wanted to see how much memory was available to my application process (which will be a Solr server) so I did:  docker-compose run solr bash   In other words, instead of the solr server process I am just running a bash shell, inside a container otherwise identical to the one which will run my server.  If I run top this is what I see:  top - 16:23:57 up  6:09,  0 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05 Tasks:   2 total,   1 running,   1 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie %Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.3 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.3 si,  0.3 st KiB Mem:   1024468 total,   634016 used,   390452 free,    93124 buffers KiB Swap:        0 total,        0 used,        0 free.   375932 cached Mem    PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND    11 solr      20   0   23640   2704   2320 R  0.3  0.3   0:00.01 top     1 solr      20   0   21940   3540   3044 S  0.0  0.3   0:00.12 bash   Apparently out of 1GB allocated to the container I am using 634MB, even though the only two processes running in the container are top and bash.  How much should I expect normally to be consumed by the OS?  I assume some of this is consumed by the Docker daemon and swarm too, outside the container on the host node.  hmm, I've just read this  ...should I interpret top to mean that, of the 634MB 'used', 375MB of that is just disk cache and is available to my app process?  So I really have 766MB free -  is that right?  The point of all this is so I can start my Solr server process with a realistic memory limit, to make best use of the 1GB node without getting shut down due to out-of-memory error.  UPDATE  Ok this has been marked as duplicate, so it is the 'linux ate my ram' thing. From that page the answer is not to use top but rather:  $ dc run solr bash solr@59cb7fafca0e:/opt/solr-4.10.4$ free -m              total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached Mem:          1000        628        371          8         94        372 -/+ buffers/cache:        161        838 Swap:            0          0          0   ...and from this the 'true' free memory figure is 838MB (which seems to derive from free + buffers + cached)


E: dpkg was interrupted... run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a'

I was running an upgrade with the apt-get command, and it was taking an exceptionally long time because half way through my ISP hit me in the face with their fair usage policy.   After sitting outside & watching the rain for awhile my electronics regained consciousness, so I went back to complete the upgrade and my terminal scolds me with   "E: dpkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem."   The last bit of legible info was all this:  Installing (ri/RDoc) documention for (stuff and such) ERROR:  Could not find a valid gem 'watobo-0.9.8.724.gem' (>= 0) in any repository rm: cannot remove `watobo-0.9.8.724.gem': No such file or directory  Setting up metasploit (4.3.0-bt1) ... Upgrading Pre-Existing Installation... /opt/metasploit/postgresql/scripts/ctl.sh : postgresql  (pid 1191) already running prosvc is running metasploit is running [*] [*] Attempting to update the Metasploit Framework... [*]   So on it goes for miles, talking about gem caches, rubies, & stuff I wish I had. All up until:  A    lib/gemcache/ruby/1.9.1/gems/state_machine-1.1.2/gemfiles/active_record-2.1.2.gemfile.lock   ...and there it has sat, all night.    If I stop it, will I still get the dpkg error (on the off chance that I won't), or if so what do I need to to resume using apt-get commands and its Super Cow Powers?


Accidentally made an anonymous post with my real e-mail

I created this question and didn't want to log-in (LastPass was infuriating me) so I gave it a fake name and my old e-mail. However, the photo shows my avatar anyway. Can I merge that post into my already existing account, or perhaps make the original question anonymous?


Controlling Tabs Through Other forms C# Winform Application

Salam/Hi, I have two winform, 1 named as "fudafrm" another is "loginfrm".I want to control tabs or close 3,5 and 8 tab which is located in fudafrm through loginfrm,when Id and password is correct.  fudafrm is this:     AND loginfrm is :    I tried thees code in loginfrm: (wrong codes)  if (txt_userid.Text == "user" && txt_password.Text == "user")             {                 Form f1 = new fudafrm();                 TabControl.TabPageCollection("tabpage3").hide();                 TabControl.TabPageCollection("tabpage5").hide();                 TabControl.TabPageCollection("tabpage8").hide();                 this.Hide();             }             else             {                 MessageBox.Show("Invalid User Name & password","Error");              }   kindly help me for controlling tabs through other forms. I am using windows form C# visual studio 2010.


Laptop auto-loads my browser on startup?

When I turn my laptop on, it seems to automatically load Google Chrome and open the most recent pages I was on. Today it loaded up YouTube and even automatically started playing the video  Also when I open Chrome in general, it does the same thing (opening all previous pages without me doing so). I have checked Task Manager and disabled Google Chrome from startup, although this doesn't fix the issue. Also in Chrome settings, on startup it is set to open Google  Any help much appreciated


I imagine this either extremely simple or extremely complex. I am trying to understand the interpretation of the term 'parameter'.  A couple of quick online searches deliver an intuitive understanding of parameter, i.e. where a statistical model is a joint probability distribution over the variables of interest, parametric models denote a subset of such models (in the form of a set of probability distributions), and parameters are therefore unique finite-dimensional points that index a particular distribution.  All fine. I can see why means, variances, covariances, correlations, and any other such moments are parameters.  What I can't see is why numerous other features, such as regression coefficients, etc. (i.e. the Betas we try to estimate with a linear model) are called parameters.  Is is simply because things like regression coefficients are functions of parameters in the first sense? And when we estimate beta coefficients, we are really trying to estimate the ratio between parameters, or are the beta coefficients parameters in themselves?  (I assume it must be the latter, the OLS estimator, for example, is just a function of the sample that estimates a number called Beta; coverage of the OLS seems to imply that the OLS ratio of cov to var just happens to be a great estimator of that number, rather than of the cov to var ratio in the population...)


How do I know all IP related to the wireless LAN in ubuntu 14.04?

How I know all IP on my LAN Wireless using ubuntu 14.04


Retrieve Email Subject from AMPSCRIPT in SFMC

Is there a way to retrieve the Email subject from AMPScript? According to the documentation, it seems I can retrieve only the name and id with the following statements:  %%_emailid%%  %%emailname_%%  Thanks a lot


I recently bought a Canon EOS 1300D to which I would like to fit a Kiron wide angle lens. The Kiron is a 24mm f/2 55mm lens diameter in the front, 45mm diameter at the back where it needs to be connected to the camera. At the back of the lens are 2 protruding small objects approximately 2-3mm sticking out. One is movable, and controls the aperture setting, one is not. Do you have an adapter that would make it possible to use this lense with my Canon camera?


Is there a "null coalescing" operator in JavaScript?

Is there a null coalescing operator in Javascript?  For example, in C#, I can do this:  String someString = null; var whatIWant = someString ?? "Cookies!";   The best approximation I can figure out for Javascript is using the conditional operator:  var someString = null; var whatIWant = someString ? someString : 'Cookies!';   Which is sorta icky IMHO. Can I do better?


I'm using Ubuntu 16.04.  addicted@ADDICTED:~$ xrandr Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 16384 x 16384 DVI-I-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) DVI-I-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) DP-0 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) DP-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) DP-2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) DP-3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) HDMI-0 connected primary 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm    1024x768      70.07 +  60.00      1920x1080     59.93*     1680x1050     59.95    59.88      1440x900      59.89      1400x1050     59.98      1360x768      59.96    59.80      1280x1024     60.02      1280x960      60.00      1152x864      70.00    60.00      960x540       59.99      840x525       60.01    59.88      800x600       72.19    60.32    56.25      720x450       59.89      700x525       59.98      680x384       59.96    59.80      640x480       59.94      512x384       70.07    60.00      400x300       72.19      320x240       60.05   DP-4 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) DP-5 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)   I want to set resolution of 1920x1080 system wide irrespective of user. If I delete ~/.config/monitors.xml, my resolution changes to 1024x768 (maybe because 1024x768 is 1st entry in xrandr) If I run xrandr --output HDMI-0 --primary --mode 1920x1080 , it's set to 1920x1080. But only temporarily. The only permanent solution is using ~/.config/monitors.xml. But this also doesn't change resolution at login screen.  How to set 1920x1080 resolution system wide?  What I tried so far:   changing /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf & adding xrandr command.so it would execute xrandr --output HDMI-0 --primary --mode 1920x1080 at lightdm service start. This doesn't work. Hard-linking ~/.config/monitor.xml to `/var/lib/lightdm/.config/monitor.xml. Linking failed because of an invalid cross device link. Adding modeset to /etc/X11/xorg.conf which leads to issues. This failed failed with "Input device not supported", I then had to boot into recovery mode & resetting that xorg.conf.


I have source code run by tomcat use ajax get data.
             Search: <input type="text" class="search" id="searchBox"/>

            When i get data for id= display . Code html like that:
                 Search: <input type="text" class="search" id="searchBox">

                     Demo&nbsp;1
2010-2015

                     Demo&nbsp;2
2010-2015

                     Demo&nbsp;3
2015-2015

   But when i check in browser function  $(".display_box").click(); not work when i click div tag id=display_box. I don't understand why? Solution about this? Somebody help me!


Can i use Ubuntu 14.04 32bit on 4GB ram?

like the title,  if yes it can use all my RAM if needed ? or max just 2GB


How to turn the exported .jar file into a .exe file so you can run it as and Exe?

There is probably a duplicate or a simple question but I would just like to do this so I can add my game to a .zip directory so it takes up less space.


Closing as duplicate when the existing question is different, but has an answer to the newer question

Given two questions:  A) An existing question with some answers B) A (new) different question  Given also that the auto-generated dupe text reads:  This question already has an answer here:  (9 answers)  which can be true even if the duplicate question is a completely different question. If:  there is a valid answer to A) that is also a valid answer for B) but A and B are asking different questions there are other (possibly better) answers to B (that wouldn't answer A)  should B be closed as a dupe of A? Let me give an example to illustrate: Question A: "How do I concatenate n copies of a string"? Question B: "How do I create a stream of n copies of an object and reduce the stream to one final object? One way to accomplish A is to use a stream of n copies of a string and reduce the stream by joining, which happens to also answer B. So, "This question already has an answer here" would be true. But clearly the questions are not duplicates of each other, and there are many ways to answer both, so "close as a duplicate" seems inaccurate. There is a disconnect between the auto-generated message and the questions actually being duplicates. This has led some users to follow the message and close as dupe, despite the two questions not being duplicates. Questions: Should the question be closed as a dupe anyway? If not, should the auto-generated text be changed to something more accurate, eg "This question has been asked and answered here", so encourage closing as dupe be done when it's actually a dupe?  Update: The close dialog gives the following description for the "duplicate of" reason:  This question has been asked before and already has an answer.  So the intention is clear and what I expect from the reason, so can we tune the auto-generated text please?


Can you use multiple selectors for @e[type=!entity]?

If I can, Using the type=! Or, everything except selector, can I exclude multiple entities? My code is /execute @e[type=lightning_bolt] summon lightning_bolt. I also want to exclude the player.


Proving the combinatorial identity ${n \choose k} = {n-2\choose k-2} + 2{n-2\choose k-1} + {n-2\choose k}$

Prove the combinatorial identity $${n \choose k} = {n-2\choose k-2} + 2{n-2\choose k-1} + {n-2\choose k} .$$   I understand the left side, which is obvious, but I'm struggling to get anywhere on the RHS. I also would appreciate suggestions on how to approach these kind of problems. I was told to use committees and split them up, but even then it's not so intuitive to me.  I've tried substituting small numbers to see where I can go.  Thank you in advance for your time.


Javascript - Split a string separated by commas (best way)

I have the following string:     apple, banana, orange   and I want to get only the first word of that string and before the first comma:  In this example it's apple  For that, I have done the below:  var string = "apple, banana, orange"; var splitedArray = string.split(','); console.log('This should show it ', splitedArray[0])   It works fine, but I am wondering if there exists a better way to it.


why does this particular program print me five?

Please help me with this one guys! why are there arguments given to a method that is void??  public class C {        public static void main(String[] argv) {              int k = 1;              int[] x = {0, 1, 2, 3};              int[] y = x;              lurig(x, y, k);              System.out.println(x[0] + k + y[0]);        }       public static void lurig(int[] p, int[] q, int r) {              p[0] = 1;              q[0] = 2;              r = 3;        }  }


Show that the sequence $a_{n+1}=\sqrt{2+a_n}$ is convergent.

Let $a_{n+1}=\sqrt{2+a_n}, a_1=\sqrt{3}$. Show that it is convergent.   I know that this is a classic nested square root sequence but how do I prove it's convergence? To know it's limit I can just take the limit on both sides and find $L$, or rewrite $a_n=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{...}}}}}$


After the death of Pain, the fake Madara fights Konan to know the location of Pain's body...During this he mentions that the Rinnegan is his and he wants it back...I couldn't understand this..  Was Pain born with Rinnegan or was it implanted by fake Madara?


Casting of down votes decrements reputation?

I have seen many times that sometimes when I downvote a post , my repuation decrements by -1 and sometimes it does not?  What is the reason behind it?   And what are the exact scenarios when this happens?


C# - Unity - Problem with Parameter passing

I'm trying to extract a lot of code in my program and I encountered a problem. This is my function to extract a smelting process: public IEnumerator Smelting(Button button, Image bar, BigDouble material, BigDouble output)     {         button.interactable = false;          float t = 0f;         while (t <= 1f)         {             bar.fillAmount = t;             t += Time.deltaTime / 4;             yield return null;         }          bar.fillAmount = 0;         //saveLoadHandler.data.copperBar += smeltingHandler.smeltCopperOreOutput;         material += output;         button.interactable = true;     }  My Problem is now that I want to add the output to the material with:  material += output. The Command above shows what these parameter look like. So it looks like in this case the material doesn't get assigned correctly. I don't want to go the way if(type = copper){copper += output } else if(type = iron)... Is there a workaround for that? Thanks in advance!


I'd like to be able to define a Render Region and recall it, if possible. Is there a way to do this? As it is now, a drawn Render Region is only temporary, and only one can be drawn at a time. You can see the drawn render region below, and as I work on the project, I render the animated faders again and again. I'd love it if I could get the render region consistent from time to time instead of having to redraw it.


Getting the name of a child class in PHP

Lets say I'm building a base class which will be extended upon by the children class. So a base class is called Base and children can be Child1, Child2, etc.  In the base class's constructor, how can i get the value of Child1/Child2?  This is all using PHP


Greek characters displayed in some applications on Lubuntu 14.04

I'm loving Lubuntu so far, but I have been noticing certain problem with some applications, mainly VirtualBox.  Basically, even though my system is set in English (US) with regional settings in Spanish (AR), when I open VirtualBox it displays all the UI in Greek characters. Not in Greek, though -- it just displays the English text but using Greek characters. I have tried switching VirtualBox's language to Spanish and relaunching the program, and the same happens -- it displays the Spanish text but using Greek.   Here you can see what I mean:     It also happened with other applications downloaded from the Lubuntu Software Center, such as Wine Launcher Creator. I guess it's an encoding problem? I tried googling it but all the answers I find deal with language settings, which clearly isn't the problem here, since the program is in fact displayed in the language I want -- it's the way the characters are displayed that isn't right.


Maven doesn't incude dependencies into the jar

I have pom.xml  <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>   <groupId>com.pac</groupId>   <artifactId>test</artifactId>   <packaging>jar</packaging>   <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>   <name>test</name>   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>      <dependencies>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>             <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>             <version>1.8.2</version>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>             <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>             <version>1.8.2</version>         </dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>             <artifactId>aspectjtools</artifactId>             <version>1.8.2</version>         </dependency>     </dependencies>     <!-- ... --> </project>   And class and aspect:  public class Main  {     public int a = 10;      public static void main( String[] args )     {         Main instance = new Main();         System.out.println(instance.test());     }      public int test(){         return a;     } }  public aspect TestAspect {     pointcut publicMethodExecuted(): execution(public !static * *(..));      int around() : publicMethodExecuted() {         System.out.println("Test string");             int original_return_value = proceed();         return original_return_value * 100;     } }   But mvn install produce jar-file without aspectj jars. The jar looks like:  root   |   |--META-INF   |   |--com   |   |   |   |--pac   |       |   |       |--Main.class   |   |--TestAspect.class   |   |--builddef.lst   Why does the maven-jar-plugin got rid of the aspectj jars? How to fix that? I got NoClassDefFoundException at runtime:  Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/aspectj/lang/NoAspectBoundException         at com.badmitrii.Main.test(Main.java:1)         at com.badmitrii.Main.main(Main.java:11) Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.aspectj.lang.NoAspectBoundException         at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)         at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)         at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)         at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)         ... 2 more


How do you turn off adventure mode in Minecraft 1.6.2

How do you turn off adventure mode in Minecraft 1.16.2


Hard Drive Partitioning in new Ubuntu studio

I just installed ubuntu studio on my desktop computer. While installing I chose one drive and format everything. Now I want to divide my partition in to three partitions.


Correct Use Of Alt Text When Image Is A Link

In a situation where an image is an important feature of the page, but also acts as a link to a page containing a high-res version, how should its alt tag be populated.   In this instance it needs to fulfil dual purposes:   A description of the image (as it is important in the context of the page) An indication of the link purpose / destination   How should both be fulfilled in the alt tag, and if they can't both be, which should take priority?  Note: I'm specifically interested in cases as outlined where both purposes apply. I'm not interested in situations where the image only functions as a link image to the main event.  Further Note: I am implementing a design over which I do not have final say. I am aware of basic accessibility guidelines, but as is so often the case no-one else on the project cares about making the site accessible, so I am left trying to do my best within given constraints.  So please don't answer or comment to tell me:   That the image should be a text link instead That the link should contain text as well as an image


I want to typeset source code with tcolorbox package. How is possible in this package not to create static boxes but rather boxes that adjust according to the width of the code I write both vertically and horizontally? Also I want if a line is too long to break into a new line. Can I do that?


I would like to run a script at wakeup. So my laptop is sleeping, I open the lid, and the script should run immediately or within the minute after wakeup. This script should run at startup as well, as that is essentially the same situation.  How can I run a cronscript at either wakeup and startup?


I'm learning some category theory and I thought I had understood universal objects but maybe I have not because I cannot write down the definition of initial topology in terms of categories.  My understanding of universal objects so far: I thought universal objects are either initial or terminal objects in a comma category $(O \downarrow F)$ where $O$ is a selection functor $\textbf{1} \to O \in C$ and $F$ is a forgetful functor into $C$. In the example of a free group, $F: \textbf{Group} \to \textbf{Set}$ and $O$ is the set that generates the free group. The objects in this category are pairs $(f, G)$ where $f$ is a (set-theoretic) map from $S \to G$.   Now I would like to do the same for the initial topology but I'm struggling to see what the objects are and also what $F$ should be. $O$ is probably going to be $X$, the space we would endow with the topology. So we probably want $F$ to be a functor $\textbf{Top} \to \textbf{Set}$. The objects are probably $(f,Y)$ where $f$ is a map $X \to Y$ (or $Y \to X$?) such that there exists a continuous map $f^\prime$ with $F(f^\prime) = f$.  Is this right? If not: what are the objects? And is the initial topology an initial or a terminal object?  Edit  I think what I wrote above is wrong: I get one commutative diagram for each $Y_i$ in the family with respect to which the initial topology is defined. This means that the objects are $(g_i, Z)$ where $g_i : Z \to Y_i$ and the comma category would be $(Y_i, F)$. Is this right?  The diagram for $(Y_i \downarrow F)$ would look like this:  X --(f_i)--> Y_i               ^               |                |             (g_i)                |               |               Z   Then the question is whether the unique continuous map $\varphi$ is $Z \to X$ or $X \to Z$.


"To get something done" versus "to have something done"?

What is the difference between these two words in the following examples:   Why don't you get your hair cut? Why don't you have your hair cut?


How to tell if 700mm tires fit 29" rims?

My MTB has 29" x 2.25" tires on it now.  I'm looking at these 700mm x 35mm tires to replace them.  Will they fit a 29" rim?


Segmentation Fault when writing to a string

I am trying to write an in-place reverse function and have followed online code pretty much exactly, yet running the following program throws a bus error. Am I passing the wrong kind of argument to reverse()?  void reverse(char *str) {     char * end = str;     char tmp;     if (str) {         while (*end) {             ++end;         }         --end;         while (str < end) {             tmp = *str;             *str++ = *end;             *end-- = tmp;         }     } }  int main() {     char *s = "sample";     reverse(s);     printf("%s\n");     return 1; }


Using 'on' with any social media platform

I normally use 'on' with mentioned site whereas I would like to know the main reason behind it. I am wondering that should I always use 'on' with related sites? To put it more clearly,  I saw your message on [ Internet | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn | and so on]. I wrote you another comment on [ Internet | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn | and so on].  How about 'in'?, would 'in' be used for the same purpose?


Negative Displacement Missing in Blender Cycles

I believe it was once possible to set negative displacement (inward) in blender, I have always considered 0,5 to be the value associated with NO displacement, anything below that negative (inward) and anything above that positive (outward); but recently feeding a black image to Cycles directly on the displacement slot with experimental feature True Displacement (2.78c on Mac Os) returns no change and any value is considered positive (outward) Am I doing something wrong? how can I achieve inward negative displacement?  Thanks. -G


A question about the orders of the elements of a group

Let $m$ and $n$ be to positive integers strictly larger than $1$. Is it possible to find a group $G$ in which there are two elements, say $a$ and $b$, such that the order of $a$ is $m$, the order of $b$ is $n$ and their product has infinite order?  If $m$ and $n$ are not coprime I think I have solved using a restricted wreath product (which is then directly summed to some cyclic group); but in the general case I could not achieve anything.


PHP preg_match only letters and no numbers, maybe an explanation

I have this email regex, and i would like to make same thing with a name regex, so you can't write numbers in a name, how should i change it?  if (!preg_match("/^[[:alnum:]][a-z0-9_.-]*@[a-z0-9.-]+\.[a-z]{2,4}$/i", trim($_POST['email']))) {     $emailError = 'You entered an invalid email address.';     $hasError = true; }   I know that [a-z0-9_.-] means that a-z 0-9 and _ . - is usable. But i want to only use a-z and this is why my brain is breaking across, as i don't understand the whole sentence, could anyone "translate" it to only use a-z and no numbers neither _ - .?  I would like it to be changed to a name regex, so people can't write numbers in their name.    I understand that i can write   if (!preg_match("/^[[:alnum:]][a-z]*@[a-z]+\.[a-z]{2,4}$/i", trim($_POST['name']))) {     $nameError = 'You entered invalid characters in your name.';     $hasError = true; }   but for me it doesn't make any sense, how i should enter that into the regex above.  but i could also type in this? so i say if it contains 0-9 then its invalid? but i don't know what it means all these characters in the sentence.  if (preg_match("/^[[:alnum:]][0-9]*@[0-9]+\.[0-9]{2,4}$/i", trim($_POST['name']))) {     $nameError = 'You entered invalid characters in your name.';     $hasError = true; }    I tried to research about "preg_match" but i can't find an explanation, so i can make my a regex for "preg_match" on my own


Getting the exact mouse position on canvas inside divisons

I am having canvas inside two div tags. I am try to draw with pencil on the canvas but i am not able get start at exact mouse pointer location here is code CSS  div.ot_whiteboard  {  display: block;  background-color: #DCD9CD;  margin: 0 auto;  padding: 10px;  position: relative;  } canvas.canvas_test{  height:100%;  width:100%; position:relative;     }   JS  var mainCanvas =document.getElementById('canvas_test');  var previousMousePos,mousePos,paint=false;     mainCanvas.addEventListener("mousemove",draw,false);   mainCanvas.addEventListener("mousedown",startdraw,false);   mainCanvas.addEventListener("mouseup",stopdraw,false);   function startdraw(event){   paint=true;  previousMousePos = getMousePos(event);  } function draw(event){ if(paint){  mousePos = getMousePos(event); var mainCanvas = document.getElementById('canvas_test'); var ctx = mainCanvas.getContext('2d');  console.log(" X position :"+ previousMousePos.x);   console.log(" X position :"+ mousePos.x);  console.log(" Y position :"+ previousMousePos.y);  console.log(" Y position :"+ mousePos.y);  ctx.strokeStyle = "black";        ctx.lineWidth = 2;        ctx.beginPath();        ctx.moveTo(previousMousePos.x, previousMousePos.y);        ctx.lineTo(mousePos.x, mousePos.y);        ctx.stroke();        ctx.closePath();    previousMousePos = mousePos;  } } function stopdraw(event){   paint=false;  previousMousePos = getMousePos(event);  }  function getMousePos(evt) {                 var obj=document.getElementById("canvas_test");         var top = 0;         var left = 0;         while (obj) {             top += obj.offsetTop;             left += obj.offsetLeft;             obj = obj.offsetParent;         }         // return relative mouse position         var mouseX = evt.clientX - left + this.pageXOffset;         var mouseY = evt.clientY - top + this.pageYOffset;         return {             x:mouseX,             y:mouseY         };     }   HTML

  <canvas id="canvas_test" class="canvas_test"></canvas>
     Could you please help me to get the exact pointer of mouse co-ords


I'm new to blender, and would not consider myself to be 'good' at it. I'm trying to create a changeable sky texture that I can use for an animation by changing the world colours using sky nodes and noise nodes. But when I do so, the colour remains solid.


What is an English noun for whom you have a conversation with?    I expect a word like 'counterpart.' I want a simple word for it to name a model in my web application.


This is the error I'm getting:  W:GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net quantal Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY D1106511179518B2,  W:Failed to fetch gzip:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_quantal_main_source_Sources  Hash Sum mismatch W:Failed to fetch gzip:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/ppa.launchpad.net_mozillateam_firefox-next_ubuntu_dists_quantal_main_binary-i386_Packages  Hash Sum mismatch E:Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.   How can I fix this?


Why does the inverse square law cause elliptical orbits?

I've seen it printed multiple places,  for example, that the reason orbits are elliptical is because the gravitational law has an inverse square of the radius. Why does this make the orbits elliptical?


What does last dot in the file permission attribute mean?

What does the last dot in the file permission attribute mean?  me@ubuntu:~$ ls -l total 8 drwxr-xr-x   4 me me      4096 Dec 21 13:14 snap drwxr-xr-x. 14 me docker  4096 Dec 21 15:50 work           ^           |--------- what does this dot means?   This is shown by Ubuntu 18.04 LTS on a 9p mounted partition.  Linux ubuntu 4.15.0-43-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Thu Dec 6 14:45:28 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux   Mount:  /home/me/work on /home/me/work type 9p (rw,relatime,sync,dirsync,access=client,trans=virtio)   I never saw this dot before and don't see any documentation explaining it.


Unsure which answer to accept - Most correct or Most inline with question

I asked  "What techniques require mutable texture storage"  Now Nicol's answer is probably best practice and has helped me the most. However it does not directly answer the question.   ananthonline directly answered the question from his own experiences but it gives less insight and good practices.  In these kind of situations where is the 'accept' best placed?


Macbook Pro 2019 and Dell D6000 docking station battery charging

I've recently purchased a Macbook Pro 2019 and I'm using it with my existing Dell D6000 Universal docking station to render three HD displays. The display set up is working perfecly. I've connected the USB-C for the docking station on one of the USB-C ports on the left hand side of the device. I've also connected the power adapter even though I've found that the laptop charges via just the docking station. Now my question arises from recommendations that I've seen around the internet that one shouldn't keep their laptop plugged into a power source all the time and should allow it to discharge over it's use. Previous to this laptop I had a Dell XPS13 which over 2 years of usage was completely unusable without a power source. And it was connected to the same D6000 docking station that I have now. And I always used to keep it connected to the docking station. I'm just concerned that I don't want the same thing to happen to my MacBook Pro. So I was wondering if I should even be using the D6000 in the first place from the point of view battery life and longetivity. Do I need to have the power adapter plugged in at the same time I have the docking station plugged in for charging the laptop. And lastly, if I keep the laptop plugged into the docking station/power adapter at all times, is there a way to turn off the charging of the laptop till say 10-20% battery capacity? So it charges till 100% and then turns off and only turns on again at around 10-20%. Thanks in advance for your time.


jquery on click selector even listener not responsive

I am sure this will be easily spotted, but it is late here.  Here is my   The desired outcome is that the user will have some feedback when they click on the active calendar links. You can tell the active ones, as the calendar numbers are darker, and they have an 'active' class on them.  Rendered markup:  23	   Right now, nothing happens when you click on any of the links. I feel like it must be my selector, but I'm not capturing it. There is already an event in the js (line 9), and I am just trying to trip the debugger to be sure I've triggered the event.  JS listener:  $('td.active').on('click', function(e) {     debugger; });   I've tried a number of selectors, and I can't seem to figure out the right syntax for this. I feel pretty certain it is just my selector, but I'm open to suggestion.  Please tell me what I'm missing. I could use some help. Thanks.


Button is set to Null and NullPointerException is generated in Android

I'm trying to make an app with different intents. I've got two of the ready. I want that a button in the 1st intent makes the 2nd intent to appear. The issue is that the button is always set to null and throws a NullPointerException when the app is run  My .java classes are:  @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);     setContentView(vocabulario);     //....      Button buttonVocabulary = (Button) findViewById(R.id.buttonVocabulary);     Button holaPlayerBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.holaPlayerBtn); //...     buttonVocabulary.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){         @Override         public void onClick(View view)         { //Se abre un nuevo Intent con el primer botón             try             {                 {                     Intent myIntent = new Intent(view.getContext(), Vocabulario.class);                     startActivityForResult(myIntent, 0);}             } catch (Exception e) {                 e.printStackTrace();             }         }});   My main.xml file is:     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"     android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"     android:layout_height="match_parent">      <LinearLayout         android:orientation="vertical"         android:layout_width="match_parent"         android:layout_height="match_parent">          <RelativeLayout             android:id="@+id/adViewContainer"             android:layout_width="wrap_content"             android:layout_height="wrap_content"             android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"             android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"             />          <Button             android:id="@+id/buttonVocabulary"             android:text="@string/vocabulario"             android:layout_width="match_parent"             android:layout_height="wrap_content"             android:nestedScrollingEnabled="true" />     </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout>   In my AndroidManifest.xml there is an element that says:  <activity android:name=".Vocabulario"         android:label="@string/vocabulario"/>   There's something I'm doing wrong. Could you help me with this issue? Thanks in advance.


Limit points of $\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{m}$ where $n$, $m$ are non-zero integers

An exercise in my Analysis book was to find limit points $X=\{ \frac{1}{n} +\frac{1}{m} \mid n , m \neq 0 , n,m \in\mathbb{Z} \}$. I came up with the answer $\{\frac{1}{n} \mid n \in \mathbb{Z} \setminus {0} \} \cup \{0\}$, and I wish to verify this proof.   (Note: In my book limit points of $X$ are points $x$ that satisfy for all $\epsilon>0$, deleted $\epsilon$ neighbourhoods of $x$ and $X$ have non-empty intersections)  It's pretty clear that $\{\frac{1}{n} \mid n \in \mathbb{Z} \setminus {0} \} \cup \{0\}$ are limit points. I will prove that these are the only ones. Please check if this is correct!  First Step :   Let $X_n=\{ \frac{1}{n} +\frac{1}{m}\ \mid |m|\ge |n|, m \in \mathbb{Z}\}$ for fixed, non-zero $n$. Let us prove that the only limit point of $X_n$ is $\frac{1}{n}$.   $\frac{1}{n}$ is a limit point because of the Archimedean property. If $x$ is a limit point that is not $\frac{1}{n}$, let $\dfrac{1}{x-\frac{1}{n}}$ have $m$ and $m'$ as the closest integers that are not itself. Let $\epsilon_{0}$ be smaller than the minimum of the difference between $x-\frac{1}{n}$,$\frac{1}{m}$ or $x-\frac{1}{n}$, $\frac{1}{m'}$. Then $B_{\epsilon_{0}}(x) \setminus \{x\}$ has an empty intersection with  $X_n$.   Second Step:  Let $x>0$ be a positive limit point. Let $Y_n$ denote set of natural $m$'s for which $X_m$ and $B_{\frac{1}{n}}(x) \setminus \{x\}$ have non-empty intersections. $Y_n$ is not empty for any $n$ since $x$ is positive and is a limit point. By the well-ordering property, the sequence $y_n=\min Y_n$ is well defined. Note that $Y_{n+1} \subset Y_n$ so we have $y_n \le y_{n+1}$. If $y_n$ is bounded, it  thus converges to a natural number $y$ as all $y_n$ are natural numbers. We may say that $x$ is a limit point of $X_y$, and by Step 1 we have that $x=\frac{1}{y}$. If $y_n$ is not convergent and unbounded, $y_n \to \infty$. But for $k > \frac{4}{x}$, note that $X_{k}$ lies between $[0, \frac{2}{k})$, while for $\epsilon<\frac{x}{2}$, $\epsilon$ neighbourhoods lie in $(\frac{x}{2}, \infty)$. Thus a contradiction, as $Y_k$ is empty if $k > \frac{4}{x}$. We repeat a similar logic for $x<0$. Thus, every limit points of $X$ are of the form $\{\frac{1}{n} \mid n \in \mathbb{Z} \setminus {0} \} \cup \{0\}$  (This seems similar to , but $n$, $m$ are non-zero integers, not naturals, and I want to verify my own proof.)


Can a continuous real function take each value exactly 3 times?

Let $f: \mathbb{R} \to D \subseteq \mathbb{R}$ be a continuous function. Is there a function $f$ that satisfies the following property? $\forall y \in D$, there are exactly 3 $ x_1,x_2,x_3 \in \mathbb{R}$ such that $f(x_1) = f(x_2) = f(x_3) = y$.


How symmetric is the hierarchy of indecomposable ordinals?   The process of ordinal arithmetic follows a repetitive, inductive pattern from addition to multiplication to exponentiation etc., in which the morphism from one operation to the next looks pretty much the same - in the respect that every step up is an induction beyond the transinfinite limit of the previous operation.  I'm calling this a symmetry.  We have the concepts of additively indecomposable ordinals, and beyond that, multiplicatively indecomposable ordinals etc.  Does this hierarchy enjoy the same inductive symmetry infinitely far in the same way - i.e. to exponentiation, tetration and beyond?  $1,\omega^\beta$ are additively indecomposable (for all ordinals $\beta$).  $2,\omega^{\omega^\beta}$ are multiplicatively indecomposable.  How does this list continue and what does it look like?    It looks like $0^0=1$ and $1^1=1$ but $(n-1)^{n-1}>n\forall n>2\implies $ so the first two exponentially indecomposable ordinals would be:  $2,\omega$  Is it $2,\omega,\omega^{\omega^{\omega^\beta}}$ for all ordinals $\beta$ and so on?  Or does the list of special cases at the start get ever more complicated, and do the power towers just get taller or do they change?  Tetration is a complicated matter (at least over regular numbers) as the orders of exponents matter and the rule to always apply powers from the right isn't necessarily well-justified, so I imagine there's the potential to get into considering Dyck words etc.  How messy does it get?


Seeking grandfather's German military records from World War I

My grandfather, Ernst Oscar Link, was in the German military during WW1.  He emigrated to the US in 1924 or 1925. He died in 1943. I am looking for his military records where he served what his title was I’m not sure where to start.


Is the popular explanation given for gravity in General Relativity misleading?

In most popular explanations of General Relativity, both in print and film/television, gravity is demonstrated using an example of a 2 dimensional plane being flat, then when putting a heavy object in it it curves the plane into a funnel shape and you can visualize how other objects roll down the funnel into the gravity well simulating something like the orbits of the planets around the sun as an example.  However this demonstration relies on the notion of "down", or even the actual gravitational attraction on Earth, so that the objects in orbit roll or fall down the well.  This kind of explanation seems to rely on a force in order to explain that the force of gravity is just the curving of spacetime. At the very least I find this to not really explain how the theory of General Relativity actually works.


Merging a semicircle with two parallel lines

How can I merge a semicircle with two parallel lines? I want to have the leftmost point of the semicircle to bind with the leftmost line in the illustration below, and I'd like the rightmost point of the semicircle to be bound to the rightmost line simultaneously:    I'm using Illustrator (16.0.3).


I've searched and found variations of this question but I've never found an answer that seemed to work. I need to add a class to the
 elements, currently the main menu is rendered like this:  print theme('links__system_main_menu', array(     'links' => $main_menu,     'attributes' => array(         'id' => 'slidemenu',         'class' => array(             'links',             'inline',             'clearfix'         )     ),     'heading' => t('') ));   As far as I can tell, this only sets up the
 element of the main menu, so I was wondering if there's a way to edit the attributes of the 'links' part.  ---EDIT---  Alright, I think I solved it. Apparently you can use theme_links__system_main_menu in templates to override the whole thing. I ended up doing this:  function mytheme_links__system_main_menu($variables) {     $html = '
';     $html .= '
';      static $linkClass = 1;      foreach ($variables['links'] as $link) {                         $html .= '
' . l($link['title'], $link['href'], $link) . '
';         ++$linkClass;     }      $html .= '
';     $html .= '
';      return $html; }   Not entirely sure if this is correct Drupal, though it did solve my issue!


Why did they never point the Borg towards Organia or a Douwd?

In all their dealings with the Borg, why did they never think of directing them to Organia or in the direction of a Douwd?  It would have solved the problem quickly.


Very old Matrix-like short story, based on chemicals released into the air, pre-computer

I am looking for a story about the future of mankind, in which most people have been enslaved in a virtual reality. It ends with the revelation that the people are just lying there imagining their lives with their heads in a trough of feed.  It explains that chemists began to create compounds that could be released into the air to manipulate citizens - causing them to live, shop, think as desired by whoever was in charge. Eventually these tools got subtle enough that they could simulate reality using just these airborne compounds.  This was clearly a prescient view of what later became computer-based virtual reality fiction.


Why do I keep getting java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException

I keep getting java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException whenever I run my code package test;  import javafx.application.Application; import javafx.scene.Scene; import javafx.scene.chart.LineChart; import javafx.scene.chart.NumberAxis; import javafx.scene.chart.XYChart; import javafx.stage.Stage;   public class Test extends Application {          private static int[] xarray;     private static int[] yarray;        public static void main(String[] args) {     countgradient(3, 1, 1) ;     launch(args);     System.out.println(xarray[0]);     }              public static int[] countgradient( int cx, int cy, int con ){       int x1 = 1;       int y1 = (cx*x1+con)/cy ;       System.out.println(y1);       int x2 = 2;       int y2 = (cx*x2+con)/cy ;       System.out.println(y2);       int gradient = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1);       System.out.println("The gradient is " + gradient);       xarray[0] = x1;       xarray[1] = x2;       yarray[0] = y1;       yarray[1] = y2;       return xarray;   }     @Override   public void start(Stage stage) {         stage.setTitle("Line Chart Sample");         //defining the axes         final NumberAxis xAxis = new NumberAxis();         final NumberAxis yAxis = new NumberAxis();         //creating the chart         final LineChart<Number,Number> lineChart =                  new LineChart<>(xAxis,yAxis);         //defining a series         XYChart.Series series = new XYChart.Series();         series.setName("Line");         //populating the series with data         series.getData().add(new XYChart.Data(xarray[0], yarray[0]));         series.getData().add(new XYChart.Data(xarray[1], yarray[1]));                  Scene scene  = new Scene(lineChart,800,600);         lineChart.getData().add(series);                 stage.setScene(scene);         stage.show();     } }  and I dont really understand the reasons for why I keep getting this problem The full result that I get is 4 7 The gradient is 3 java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)     at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)     at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(LauncherImpl.java:389)     at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(LauncherImpl.java:328)     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)     at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)     at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)     at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:767) Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException     at test.Test.countgradient(Test.java:30)     at test.Test.main(Test.java:16)     ... 11 more Exception running application test.Test C:\Users\Owner\AppData\Local\NetBeans\Cache\8.2\executor-snippets\run.xml:53: Java returned: 1 BUILD FAILED (total time: 3 seconds)  Is it caused by using the array to run the chart or is it something else, should I use a different way to define the array


Right, I've searched the internet for days. I've tried getting new drivers and there is no button or gesture that manually disables my touchpad. If I go to my touchpad driver the "Disable" box is greyed out. I know that the i8042prt.sys controls both the touchpad and the keyboard, so if you can't give me any other method, can you tell me which files in i8042prt.sys control the touchpad so I can manually delete them? I don't care if the change is absolutely permanent as I have no use for my touchpad and if I ever need a mouse and don't have one I have a touchscreen.


Drop down for Unique Values for a ArcGIS Custom Tool

Can an ArcGIS Tool have a drop down field with unique values derived from a list? For example, user selects a table, the tool will then find all of the values in field X and populate a drop based on this.   I've been playing with parameters but can't get anything to work. The closest I got was is creating a drop down with the field names.


Finding all elements in $x\in U_{143}$ such that $x^2=1 \pmod{143}$

Find all elements in $x\in U_{143}$ such that $x^2=1 \pmod{143}$   I am kind of stuck here. I know that $143=11*13$, and perhaps looking at $U_{11},U_{13}$ will help but I am unable to find a solution so far.


Python re.sub with a flag does not replace all occurrences

The Python docs say:     re.MULTILINE: When specified, the pattern character '^' matches at the beginning of the string and at the beginning of each line (immediately following each newline)... By default, '^' matches only at the beginning of the string...   So what's going on when I get the following unexpected result?  >>> import re >>> s = """// The quick brown fox. ... // Jumped over the lazy dog.""" >>> re.sub('^//', '', s, re.MULTILINE) ' The quick brown fox.\n// Jumped over the lazy dog.'


I have no clue how to begin these problems. How do I start? I don't think I should pound em out...Thanks.  Let P be the set of $42^{\text{nd}}$ roots of unity, and let Q be the set of $70^{\text{th}} $ roots of unity. How many elements do P and Q have in common?  Let P be the set of $42^{\text{nd}} $roots of unity, and let Q be the set of $70^{\text{th}} $roots of unity. What is the smallest positive integer n for which all the elements in P and all the elements in Q are $n^{\text{th}}$ roots of unity?


I'm currently trying to do a clean installation of Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS, reasons why being lackage of RAM due to motherboard limitations (max 8GB DDR2 800Mhz), the motherboard being the MS-7259 V1.1. I created a bootable USB using Rufus as always, selecting FreeDOS as the desired boot selection, but when I try to boot up from the USB I get a FreeDOS screen asking the keyboard layout, then changing to a navigable filesystem of FreeDOS. I checked everything I knew about from the board, I made sure legacy USB was enabled (when it's disabled the USB is not recognizzed) and still nothing different will happen. I think the problem will be that my motherboard doesn't recognize UEFI, but honestly I don't know about it. Could somebody help me? Or either recommend a Linux distro that has an App Store and minimun requirements be like 512MB of RAM, I'm trying to do this installation to help out a friend build a PC for his kids.


Proving that surjective endomorphisms of Noetherian modules are isomorphisms and a semi-simple and noetherian module is artinian.

I am revising for my Rings and Modules exam and am stuck on the following two questions:  $1.$ Let $M$ be a noetherian module and $ \  f : M \rightarrow M \  $  a surjective homomorphism. Show that $f : M \rightarrow M $ is an isomorphism.  $2$. Show that if a semi-simple module is noetherian then it is artinian.  Both these questions seem like they should be fairly straightforward to prove but I cannot seem to solve them.


Show that there is exactly one element in $A$ congruent to $1$ modulo $p$ as follows.

Let $p$ be a prime. Let $A = \{a,2a,3a,\ldots,(p-1)a \}$, where $\gcd(a,p)=1$. Show that there is exactly one element in $A$ congruent to $1$ modulo $p$. My attempt: It is suffices to show that for each $a \in \{1,2,3,\ldots,p-1\}$, there is exist exactly one $b \in \{1,2,3,\ldots,p-1\}$ such that $ab \equiv 1 \pmod{p}$. Suppose there is exist an element in $A$, say $c$, such that $ab \equiv ac \equiv 1 \pmod{p}$. Then, \begin{equation*} b \equiv 1\cdot b \equiv (ac)b \equiv (ab)c \equiv 1\cdot c \equiv c \pmod{p} \end{equation*} Hence, $b$ is unique and we're done. Am i true? If not, how to show it?


Why "softmax" is called "softmax"? How is it related to "max"?

Why "softmax" is called "softmax"? How does it related to "max"? I am trying following code and they do not look like each other: a = seq(-1,1,0.05) b = seq(-1,1,0.05)  softmax <- function(x,y) {   exp(y)/(exp(x)+exp(y)) }  par(mfrow=c(1,2))  c = outer(a,b,pmax) persp(a,b,c)  d = outer(a,b,softmax) persp(a,b,d)


Substitution in determining limit of polynomials

In my calculus book has been written: "For finding limits sometimes we can change $$\sqrt[m]{a_m x^m + a_{m - 1} x^{m-1} + a_{m - 2} x^{m-2} + \cdots + a_0} $$ to $\sqrt[m]{a_m}\left(x + \dfrac{a_{m - 1}}{ma_m}\right)$ for odd $m$ and $\sqrt[m]{a_m}\left|x + \dfrac{a_{m - 1}}{ma_m}\right|$ for even $m$."  First of all I want to know how these formulas were built. After that , when I can use them without any mistake in value of limit. I searched in the internet but I didn't find these formulas.


Is a product of integrals like distributing a product?

Can I argue that:  \begin{align} \left(\int_a^b f(x) \,dx\right) \left(\int_c^d g(y) \,dy\right) &= \int_a^b f(x) \int_c^d g(y) \,dy \,dx \\ &= \int_a^b \int_c^d f(x) g(y) \,dy \,dx \end{align}  since the same would be true for a product of finite sums?


How to fit a non-linear expression of type $ Y=A(1-e^{-t/B})$ to the data set without using any package?

I am a newbie in statistics. I have collected data for a parameter Y at different time t. I would like to fit a function $ Y=A(1-e^{-t/B})$. I have to determine A and B. I am not able to use conventional methods.  P.S. The function is asymptotic to a line $Y=A$ or you can say that $Y$ will attain the value $A$ at time infinity.


Why is $\frac{1}{\frac{1}{0}}$ undefined?

Is the fraction  $$\frac{1}{\frac{1}{0}}$$  undefined?   I know that division by zero is usually prohibited, but since dividing a number by a fraction yields the same result as multiplying the number by the fraction's reciprocal, you could argue that  $$\frac{1}{\frac{1}{0}} = (1)\left(\frac{0}{1}\right) = 0$$  Is that manipulation permissible in this case? Why or why not?


Prove that $M_{nn}(\mathbb{F})$ is a simple algebra, that is, prove that the only ideals in $M_{nn}(\mathbb{F})$ are $\{$o$_{nn}\}$ and $M_{nn}(\mathbb{F})$   There is a definition says that " An ideal in an algebra A with identity is a vector subspace $I$ of $A$ which further stisfies:if $r\in A$ and $b\in I$, then $rb\in I$ and $br \in I$. An algebra A is said to be simple if the only idelas in A are A and $\{$0$_{A}\}$   would someone please write me up a proof or help me out ?


Can every Android device be updated to the most recent Android version?

I never dealt with Android devices before so I'm completely newbie at it, please comment if something is too simple.  Say I purchase , that has got Android Froyo 2.2 installed in it.  If there is a new version of Android released tomorrow or next month, will I be able to update it (like I will be able to update my iPod Touch 4 to iOS 5)?


Physics of the inverted bottle dispenser

When you invert a water-bottle in a container, the water rises and then stops at a particular level --- as soon as it touches the hole of the inverted bottle. This will happen no matter how long your water-bottle is. I understand this happens, because once the water level touches the hole, air from outside cant go inside and therefore there is nothing to displace the water that falls out of the container.  Now according to the laws of pressure ---- the pressure at the water level must be same everywhere --- whether it's inside the water bottle or outside. And that must be equal to the atmospheric pressure. Therefore the pressure of the water column + air column inside the inverted bottle must be equal to the atmospheric pressure.  What I dont understand is, no matter how long a bottle you take, the water level will always stop at the hole. So that means that no matter how long a bottle you take, the pressure of the water column + air column inside the water bottle will be equal to the atmospheric pressure. How could this be possible?  Also I'd like to let you know that, if you pierce the upper part of the bottle with a small pin, then the water level rises and overflows out of the container. I'm assuming air from outside rushes in and pushes the water out.


I have created a Boolean method called trainer() inside the class Trainer which extends the abstract class Employees(). This method returns true if the Employee inside the list is a trainer and then it prints it. But when I execute the program there seems to be an exception with the Boolean method trainer. As for the ItemEmployees this is a class which expands a class called Item().   If needed I can provide both their codes. But I do not think the problem is in those classes.  The following is written within the main class:  Node firstnode = list.getFirst();  ItemEmployees t = (ItemEmployees) firstnode.getValue();  for(Node tmp=firstnode; tmp!=null; tmp=tmp.getNext()) {         if(tmp.getValue()!=null)          {                 Employees e = t.keye();                 if( e.trainer() )                 {                         e.print();                 }         } }   Now this is inside the Trainer() class:  public boolean trainer() {     return true; }   Exception     Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException at MainClass.main(MainClass.java:348)   Line 348 is  if( e.trainer() )


Is it worth upgrading Ubuntu 17.10 kernel from 4.13 to 4.15?

I wonder if it's worth upgrading 4.13 kernel to 4.15. I cannot complain about any instability of 4.13, but I'm interested how 4.15 going on and if there are benefits upgrading.


Standalone ɴᴏʀ: "neither this nor that" versus "not this nor that"?

Is one of these correct two versions and the other incorrect, or are they both correct?   Those on the bottom had neither the ability nor the opportunity to get to the top. Those on the bottom did not have the ability nor the opportunity to get to the top.   Are they both grammatically correct, or can you never use nor without having neither next to it?  Is “not this nor that” a grammatical construction in English, or must it only ever be “neither this nor that” or else “not this or that”?   When can you use nor?


How to react to strongly erroneous and irrelevant citation of my article?

In an paper, an author cites my article in which he states that I said "something" and that it is wrong. Not only have I never said "something", but the article he cites is about a completely different topic (there is no ambiguity about that).  Obviously the reviewers have not done their job appropriately, but that it too late. Worth mentioning I suspect this is due to my non-responding to his solicitations, but that is not the point here (see edit).  How should I react (ethically) to that?    Clarifications  This question was marked as a duplicate but I will add a few clarifications out of respect for the commenters/answerers: I did not expand too much on the solicitations because I did not find it very relevant. What happened is that I was approach by a researcher who wanted to extend his research topic to mine (or more generally to that of the company I'm working for). He invited me to contribute to some funding project, which I did, then asked me some technical questions, to which I answered, up to a point where I got annoyed by him not reading the references I suggested. He basically wanted me to spoonfeed him everything. He then cited my article in a negative manner, including a completely false statement (that I said in my article that a solver had property X when the cited article does not even mention anything related to a solver -- and it's not just citing the wrong article: I never wrote anything related to this wrong statement).


Find duplicate for a combination of rows - Oracle SQL

I have a table:  table1  unique_id       user_id   user_seq      col_name            value_val    position 1               100       1             test1               100          1 1               100       1             test2               123          1 1               100       1             test1               a            2 1               100       1             test2               text         2 1               100       1             test3               1Rw          2 1               100       1             test4               1Tes         2  2               101       1             test1               1            1 2               101       1             test2               1            1 2               101       1             test3               1            1 2               101       1             test4               1            1 2               101       1             test5               1            1  3               100       1             test1               100          1 3               100       1             test2               123          1 3               100       1             test1               a            2 3               100       1             test2               text         2 3               100       1             test3               1Rw          2 3               100       1             test4               1Tes         2  4               101       1             test1               1            1 4               101       1             test2               1            1 4               101       1             test3               1            1 4               101       1             test4               1            1   I need to find duplicate based on the following:  user_id, user_seq, col_name, value_val and position should be exactly same for different unique_id.  In the above example, unique_id - 1 and 3 are EXACTLY same, so they should be returned as output.  For unique_id = 2 and 4, there is a difference of test5 not available for unique_id = 4, so it won't be captured.  Output would be:  unique_id 1 3   Also, my dataset is huge, around 50 million records, so need an optimized solution. Any help?  EDIT  My table structure:  Name        Null? Type            ----------- ----- --------------          UNIQUE_ID          NUMBER          USER_SEQ           VARCHAR2(100)           COL_NAME           VARCHAR2(263)   VALUE_VAL          VARCHAR2(4000)  POSITION           NUMBER              USER_ID            NUMBER     No indexes available.


Neural Nets: Benefits of Mixing Activation Functions?

I'm currently studying and would like to know if there are any actual benefits of using a mixture of activation functions for each layer. For example, if I am trying to predict the probabilities of each class occurring given a certain row of data. A 4 layer network will be implemented having ReLu activation for Hidden layer 1, Sigmoid activation for Hidden layer 2 and finally Softmax activation for the Output Layer.  Since ReLu Activation is used in my 1st hidden layer and as it will only generate 0 and above values, are there any possible benefits of doing this? Maybe the benefit of sparsity for instance?


Question about the proscribed use of “have” along with “get” or “be”

I have asked before and been told that along with the usage of have, there shouldn't be any other words like be or get, as the have already conveys the meaning on its own.  Example 1:   She never had it easy, always working with no breaks. She never had it be easy, always working with no breaks.   Example 2:   I was running and had my laces get undone. I was running and had my laces undo.   In the second example, I think it would be correct to use get so that it conveys the sense that the laces became undone.  This is a sample sentence I found on the internet:     You never have the guy be the one wrapping his legs around the girl. That’s just a no to life.   And my question is. . . .  So is it acceptable to use the verbs be or get together with have when trying to tell about an experience which includes no intention of the speaker that anything should be done to them?   In other words, can you use these for a passive thing that they have no control over, the way there is a rule of ordering for something to be done attached to the most common usage of have?  Even though in the past every time I’ve asked I’ve been told that using be and get along with have is “incorrect”, I still hear people using such constructions.


If $Z\sim N(0,1)$, find distribution of $Z^2$ using moment generating functions

Let $Z\sim N(0,1)$ and $Y=Z^2$. Find the distribution of $Y$ using moment generating functions. \begin{align*} M_Y(t)&=E(e^{Z^2t})\\ &=\int_{-\infty}^\infty e^{z^2t}f_Z(z)\ dz\\ &=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_{-\infty}^\infty e^{z^2t}\cdot e^{-\frac{z^2}{2}}\ dz\\ &=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_{-\infty}^\infty e^{z^2(t-\frac12)}\ dz \end{align*} I'm not sure how to simplify this or find which distribution this is


Why am I getting 'void android.view.inputmethod.InputConnection.closeConnection()' on a null object reference?

EDIT : I know what a null pointer exception is. My issue is why is it happening because I have everything initialized.   I'm having an issue with my android app where I enter some text in a fragment, save the data into an object and pass said object back in a callback.  @BindView(R.id.new_post_title_til) TextInputLayout mTitleTil;  @BindView(R.id.new_post_body_til) TextInputLayout mBodyTil;  @BindView(R.id.new_post_title) TextInputEditText mTitle;  @BindView(R.id.new_post_body) TextInputEditText mBody;  @BindView(R.id.button) Button send;  private Post mPost;  @OnClick(R.id.button) public void submit() {     UserPost post = new UserPost.Builder()             .title(mTitle.getText().toString())             .body(mBody.getText().toString())             .build();     mPost.onUserPost(post);     getFragmentManager().popBackStack(); }  @Nullable @Override public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {     View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_new_post, container, false);     ButterKnife.bind(this, v);     return v; }  @Override public void onAttach(Context context) {     super.onAttach(context);     try {         mPost = (Post) context;     } catch (ClassCastException e) {         e.printStackTrace();     } }      public interface Post {     void onUserPost(@NonNull UserPost post); }   Whenever I hit the submit button I get the correct toast my app crashes with the error message. The data is being saved but for some reason, the app is still crashing whenever the submit button is pressed.


I am compiling some code on my Linux machine. And I was using putty to access the Linux machine on my windows laptop.  So now in between I need to close my "windows machine". So, putty session will also close. But I want to continue my compilation.


Community User's network profile > activity tab is crashing

Two things I found unusual on :   shows only Area51 account. -- This looks previously discussed as    is crashing:  Oops! Something Bad Happened!    So, Why clicking on activity tab is crashing?


Do magical recordings exist in the wizarding world?

In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince: A Very Frosty Christmas, there is a scene where they have the radio on. Celestina is singing this famous song "A Cauldron Full of Hot, Strong Love", which Molly loves but Fleur Delacour hates.  I was wondering if that was recorded, or if Celestina Warbeck is singing live. If it is recorded, is it known how wizards do that, and how they save the recording?


How can only the files that were modified in a range of SVN revisions be checked out?

Is it possible to checkout only those files from a SVN repository that were modified in a revision or range of revisions, without checking out any files that were not modified?


Why is the edit summary by default the same as the previous edit summary when improving a suggested edit?

When a user chooses "Improve" in the Suggested Edits review queue and submit their own edit to improve the suggested one, the edit summary is automatically the same as the edit summary for the suggested edit unless the user who improves it explicitly writes another edit summary. I don't really understand the reason for this. In many cases, what the second edit does isn't the same thing as what the suggested edit does. Here are some examples:    I edited to change a link to an image on a post by a new user who doesn't have enough reputation to post images, so my edit summary was "changed link to image". But then a user who reviewed my suggested edit chose Improve to remove the word "option" which was repeated twice. The edit summary for that edit also became "changed link to image", even though that edit had nothing to do with changing a link to an image.  a user edited to correct grammar mistakes but didn't remove noise like "I hope this helps" and "cheers". So I improved the edit to remove that noise, and the edit summary of my edit became "Grammar corrections" even though my edit had nothing to do with grammar.  a user edited to indent code that wasn't properly indented, but didn't change the links to images. So I improved the edit to change the links to images, but the edit summary for my edit became "change code style" even though my edit had nothing to do with the code.   There are a lot of other examples where this doesn't make sense, I won't list them all here. There are also cases like  where the edit summary does make sense for the second edit, but that's just a coincidence.  I don't understand why the edit summary for the second edit is by default the same as the edit summary for the suggested edit. There is nothing that says that the two edits will fix the same type of issues. Wouldn't it make more sense to either simply have a blank summary like when a user chooses Reject and Edit, or something like "improved user12345's edit"?  Why is the edit summary when improving a suggested edit by default the same as the edit summary for the suggested edit itself? Is there a reason behind this?


Put column values into single cell with comma delimiter

Consider a table in SQL Server has a column Item, I tried to created a query to covert all values in the column into a single cell result into comma separated string, for example: Table: | Item | -------- | milk | | sugar| | salt | | .... |  Query result: |       Item List         | --------------------------- | milk, sugar, salt ..... |  It would be better to have some customization as |                    Item List                     | ---------------------------------------------------- | milk as milk, sugar as sugar, salt as salt ..... |  I saw there is option as unpivot however it has to be definitive amount of values in the column. Just wondering any available functions to support this goal if target column value is dynamic


Allow edit to be continued during imgur's image load

Can we have a functionality that will insert corresponding line immediately: [![enter image description here][1]][1]  and allow us to continue editing of a question or an answer while actual image will be loaded in the background? And only after this process is completed, this functionality will add another line: [2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/2KWwr.png  "silently" in the end of text being edited without interrupting the work of the editor? Recently (about 6 months into the past) something has permanently gone really bad and:  at least for my location (southern Poland), even though I am on 600/60 Mbit cable connection,  uploading image as small as 5 kBytes takes approx. 5-10 seconds. Not mentioning really big images which upload to imgur can last 30+ seconds. Currently image loader covers the whole editor and prevents edit from being continued. So each such upload means at least 15-30 seconds of break in editing the content. This is a very counter-productive as far as I know (correct me if I am wrong). EDIT (6 July 2020): My main ISP upgraded my line and subscription plan to up to 900/90 Mbps and I was also playing around with quite a few other ISP providers and testing this in various geographical locations and... nothing has changed for past 9 months. Uploading even a tiny image takes at least 10 seconds and editing is totally blocked during that. If I have a question or answer that includes three or more images then uploading all of them will most likely take more time in total than actually writing an post (I tend to keep things short). We urgently need a feature of uploading images in background without blocking an editor in the same time. Please, do not post answers and comments like "hmm... works for me" or "I upload images with a snap of fingers". I don't discuss internet speed here. I discuss the lack of feature of background images upload in the entire SE.


I am trying to set a default value using hook_form_alter on an entity form, and the usual thing I do is not working, can anyone see why?  Here is the dsm($form) ...    My module is called "pinboard" and the form ID is "pinboard_entityform_edit_form" which is in the array and I used dsm($form_id);  function pinboard_form_alter(&$form, &$form_state, $form_id){   if($form_id == "pinboard_entityform_edit_form"){         dsm($form);          $form['actions']['submit']['#value'] = t('Send Enquiry');         $form['field_your_name']['und']['#default_value'] = t('Joe Bloggs');   } }   This is just a simple example, I am well aware I can set a default value through the UI, I will be replacing "Joe Bloggs" with my own variable once I get this working.  The first line works perfectly and changes the submit button text, but the second line does not set a default value on the your name field.  What am I missing?


Can I travel to Schengen countries that were not on my itinerary when I applied?

I have applied for a Schengen visa in the Consulate of Italy. I will be visiting for a 2 month period to attend a dance workshop. However, I plan to visit my boyfriend twice. He is studying in Germany currently and we made plans to meet up while I'm there. I will be visiting for a week or so both times. I did not put this in my itinerary. Will I still be able to visit?   Also, I just made some random hotel booking on booking.com in order to apply. Can I cancel those bookings and book an accommodation elsewhere if I want, once I get the visa?


IEEEtran-compsoc class messes up "description"

I'm using the template   %% bare_jrnl_compsoc.tex %% V1.3 %% 2007/01/11 %% by Michael Shell %% See: %% http://www.michaelshell.org/ %% for current contact information.   which can be downloaded from here:  for my paper. It works fine, except for one thing: I would like to use the descriptionenvironment, but the result is quite a mess:    The underlinings are not a problem; they will be erased later. However, it seems that the description environment has a problem if the word after \item[THIS WORD]is too long.  Is there any easy fix for this?  Thank you for your help!


Using blender 2.82a. Current documentation states to enable "Edge Length" in the overlay options. Doing so and selecting an edge always shows 2m or 6.56' (depending on units selected) regardless of size and its clearly not correct. What is the correct way to measure an edge? Maybe this feature is broken? Image example attached.


So I start with five batteries. The flashlight is assumed to require two batteries to shine. Each battery lifetime in use are independent random variables that are $\sim Exp(\lambda = 1)$. (Reserve batteries do not deteriorate). The question asks me to find the expectation of the flashlight lifetime.   My attempt: I call $T$ to be the lifetime of flashlight. Denote $B_{i}$ for $i = 1,2,3,4,5$ to be the lifetime of battery in use each $B_{i} \sim Exp(\lambda = 1)$.   I was thinking: If I choose the first two batteries, 1st battery runs out then we will have the 3rd with the 2nd. 2nd runs out, there are 3rd and 4th. Then third runs out we have 4th and the 5th. If 4th runs out, then we cannot use the flashlight. So, it has to be amount of time the 4th battery runs.   But I do not know how to express these in probability!! I would appreciate any help.


imported object loses Textures when I change to Cycles

Well I read the other topics similar to this but would like a fuller explanation on how to fix this problem if there is one. I have figured out how to load static Daz objects into Blender with the texture maps applied. Now that is good news.  But when I change from Blender Render to Cycles some of my excitement is gone as the textures disappear and the object turns white. With the new Blender 7.9 is there an easy way to fix this. I really don't want to unwrap ever model I bring into Blender so I can re-texture it.  How can I keep my materials from the Blender Render to Cycles?


How to access Photoshop pattern source file?

Is it possible to have access to the source file of each pattern you have inside Photoshop? A pattern is a squared piece of some artwork that is repeated according to the settings you choose. How could I get direct access to the 1 piece of that specific pattern so I can manipulate it or make it usable for web?  My goal is to have direct access to the pattern itself outside of Photoshop, like a .jpg file or so. I tried accessing Photoshops folder and located the pattern folder but I can´t see any customized pattern I created there, where does Photoshop store the patterns you create? I only saw .pat files there. Is there a way to access directly each pattern separated as a single file?  Please someone help!   Thanks!


Can I use a multiple-entry Schengen visa for business and tourism?

I have a multiple-entry Schengen visa for 90 days and a validity of 3 years. It was issued by Germany. I have traveled to Germany 3 times prior to this and on this visa I have traveled once to Germany for business. Now I want to do a Europe trip in December from India.   Do I need to apply for a visa again? In case the Schengen visa is issued by Germany, do I have to do enter in Germany first and then travel to other countries? Can I enter other countries and then travel to Germany?


Understanding the definition of t IJ when I AND J are ideals

if I is ideal and J is ideal then   $$IJ=\left\{ \displaystyle\sum\limits_{i=1}^n a_i b_i\mid a_i\in I, b_i\in J \right\}$$  i am not undetsnaging the defination of it, what is n some n that belong to N? n = |I| or |J|? according to this definitiation it look like that |I| = |J| so each ideals inside some ring have the same size?


Suspended user shouldn't be able to run in an election on the site they're suspended on

We're having , and this week, nominations opened up. A user nominated themselves, but they've been suspended elsewhere on the network and are currently suspended on a different site; as per , a Community Manager went through the nomination removal process. For various reasons, the user is now suspended on Worldbuilding, too - the site having the election. As of yesterday, their nomination was gone, after it had been reposted, and they were (and still are) suspended. The thing is, their nomination is back . . . again ().  The user normally has enough rep to run, but when they're suspended, their rep is reduced to 1 . . . which is obviously not enough meet the minimum requirements to run in an election. I would think the system would automatically see that they have only 1 reputation point if they tried to nominate - let alone re-nominate - and prevent them from nominating . . . which didn't happen.  I'm reporting this as a bug; if it's not a bug, I'd like to make a feature request that users be automatically prevented from running for moderator if they're currently suspended on the site. I can't trust someone as a moderator if in the middle of the election, they're suspended.


For a compact and Hausdorff space X, show that the cone CX is homeomorphic to the one-point compactification of X $\times$ [0,1).

My attempt at specifying a homeomorphism is as follows.   Let $(X,\tau), (X\times[0,1]/\sim, \tau')$ and $(X\times[0,1),\tau'')$ be topological spaces. Let p be the equivalence class of $X\times\{1\}$ in $X\times[0,1]/\sim$. Let $\pi$ be the quotient map from $X \times [0,1]$ to $(X\times[0,1]/\sim, \tau')$.  Let $(\chi^+,\tau''^+)$ be the one-point compactification of $X\times[0,1)$, i.e. $\chi^+ := (X\times[0,1))\cup\{\infty\}$.   Let $f: (X\times[0,1]/\sim, \tau') \to (\chi^+,\tau''^+)$ be defined as: $$ f(x) = \begin{cases} x,  & \text{if $x \in X\times[0,1)$} \\ \infty, & \text{if $x =p$} \end{cases} $$    I claim that f is the homeomorphism that we are after.   That f is bijective is easy to see. Now I want to show that f is continuous.  Let $U \in \tau''^+$. We want to show that $f^{-1}(U)$ is open. If $\{\infty\} \notin U$, then $U$ is already in $\tau'$ and we are done.  Otherwise, let $U = ((X\times[0,1)) \setminus C) \cup \{\infty\}$, where $C \subset X\times[0,1)$ is a closed, compact set.   We have: $f^{-1}(U) = f^{-1}(((X\times[0,1))\setminus C) \cup \{p\} = ((X\times[0,1))\setminus C) \cup \{p\} $. And so $\pi^{-1}(f^{-1}(U)) = \pi^{-1}(((X\times[0,1))\setminus C) \cup \{p\}) = ((X\times[0,1))\setminus C) \cup X\times\{1\} = X\times[0,1]\setminus C$.    Since C is closed, we have that $X\times[0,1]\setminus C$ is open in $X\times[0,1]$. So $((X\times[0,1))\setminus C) \cup \{p\}$ is open in the quotient topology of $(X\times [0,1])/\sim$, i.e. $f^{-1}(U)$ is open in $(X\times [0,1])/\sim$. This proves the continuity of f.  Before proceeding with the continuity of $f^{-1}$, I'd like to ask for others' opinion on the part above. Also, just to be sure, in $X\times [0,1]$, are we considering $[0,1]$ as a subset of $\mathbb{R}$, i.e. does it has the subspace topology induced by the usual topology on $\mathbb{R}$? If not what is the topology on $[0,1]$?


Short stay transit visa at Narita Airport, Japan

I am a Filipino and traveling to the USA on a K-1 visa with a stop in Narita.  My layover is 3 hours, do I need a short stay transit visa?


How to best MySQL configuration in AWS RDS?

We have an e-commerce system which is currently deployed in EC2 instance. currently MySQL is in the same server and now that we are getting high traffic now and then, we're planning to use Autoscaling service and as we need to separate the database we gonna use RDS. Now the confusion is what configuration to use. how can i know how much RAM and CPU would be required for our system. Currently, our server is c5.xlarge and avg CPU usage reached upto 70%-80% with MySQL utilizing max CPU. So, what are the ways or factors that we need to consider while configuring MySQL in RDS?